Phosphorus-derived imidazolium salts with varied oxidation states: Tailoring latency, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy in single-component epoxy resins
Article
Wang, Jingsheng, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Ding, Guoping, Xu, Renxin, Liu, Wei, Sun, Jiuxiao, Chen, Kaiwen, Duan, Liu, Wang, Jiaqi, Wang, Hao and Huo, Siqi. 2025. "Phosphorus-derived imidazolium salts with varied oxidation states: Tailoring latency, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy in single-component epoxy resins." Polymer Degradation and Stability. 237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111325
| Article Title | Phosphorus-derived imidazolium salts with varied oxidation states: Tailoring latency, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy in single-component epoxy resins |
|---|---|
| ERA Journal ID | 1691 |
| Article Category | Article |
| Authors | Wang, Jingsheng, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Ding, Guoping, Xu, Renxin, Liu, Wei, Sun, Jiuxiao, Chen, Kaiwen, Duan, Liu, Wang, Jiaqi, Wang, Hao and Huo, Siqi |
| Journal Title | Polymer Degradation and Stability |
| Journal Citation | 237 |
| Article Number | 111325 |
| Number of Pages | 13 |
| Year | 2025 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| ISSN | 0141-3910 |
| 0144-2880 | |
| 1873-2321 | |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111325 |
| Web Address (URL) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391025001557 |
| Abstract | Single-component epoxy resin (EP) is the premix of EP and latent curing agent, which is highly demanded in industries. However, current single-component EPs struggle to balance storage stability with mechanical properties and flame retardancy. To address this issue, three phosphorus-derived imidazolium salts (MPOx, x = 2, 3, 4) were synthesized using 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) and phosphorus-containing acids with different oxidation states (diphenylphosphinic acid, phenyl hydrogen phenylphosphonate, and diphenyl phosphate). The oxidation state of phosphorus significantly influenced thermal latency of MPOx, with higher oxidation states leading to improved latency. EP/MPO4 achieved the longest shelf life of 42 d at 25 °C. EP/MPO3 and EP/MPO4 exhibited enhanced tensile strength, modulus, and impact resistance compared to EP/EMI, but EP/MPO2 showed poor mechanical properties due to phase separation. All EP/MPOx achieved limiting oxygen index (LOI) exceeding 30 %, with EP/MPO3 showing the highest LOI of 34.0 % and significant reductions in heat release and smoke production. Flame-retardant mechanistic studies revealed a shift from gaseous-phase flame inhibition to condensed-phase promoting carbonization with increasing phosphorus oxidation state. Obviously, MPOx provides a tailored balance of latency, mechanical strength, and flame retardancy, making it a promising solution for advanced single-component EPs in aerospace, electronics, and optical applications. |
| Keywords | Single-component epoxy resin; Phosphorus-derived imidazolium salt; Thermal latency; Flame retardancy; Mechanical property |
| Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
| ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 401609. Polymers and plastics |
| Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
| Byline Affiliations | Wuhan University of Technology, China |
| Bamstone New Material Technology, China | |
| Wuhan Textile University, China | |
| School of Engineering | |
| Centre for Future Materials |
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https://research.usq.edu.au/item/zww84/phosphorus-derived-imidazolium-salts-with-varied-oxidation-states-tailoring-latency-mechanical-properties-and-flame-retardancy-in-single-component-epoxy-resins
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