Multifunctional phosphorus-containing imidazoliums endowing one-component epoxy resins with superior thermal latency, heat resistance, mechanical properties, and fire safety
Article
Article Title | Multifunctional phosphorus-containing imidazoliums endowing one-component epoxy resins with superior thermal latency, heat resistance, mechanical properties, and fire safety |
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ERA Journal ID | 3854 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Wang, Jingsheng, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Chen, Xi, Chen, Kaiwen, Zhou, Gen, Liu, Xian, Xu, Lin, Huo, Siqi, Song, Pingan and Wang, Hao |
Journal Title | Chemical Engineering Journal |
Journal Citation | 485 |
Article Number | 149852 |
Number of Pages | 14 |
Year | 2024 |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Place of Publication | Netherlands |
ISSN | 1385-8947 |
1873-3212 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.149852 |
Web Address (URL) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894724013378 |
Abstract | Epoxy resin (EP) possesses a high flammability risk, but the flame retardants applied often reduce other properties. For the sake of large-scale industrial manufacturing, EP and curing agent are increasingly being premixed as one-component system rather than blended immediately prior to application. However, current designs fail to break the trade-off between flame retardancy and mechanical/thermal/optical properties of one-component EPs. Herein, we developed a series of phosphorus-containing imidazolium compounds, named BADM-X (X = 1, 2, 3, and 4), which served as multifunctional latent hardeners for one-component EPs. BADM-1, BADM-2, BADM-3, and BADM-4 were synthesized in ethanol through the neutralization between bisphenol A diphosphate (BAD) and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) at molar ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4, respectively, which were easy to industrialize. Varying the imidazole content in BADM-X allowed for adjusting the curing reactivity and thermal latency of EP/BADM-X, making it adaptable for various applications. EP/BADM-2, EP/BADM-3 and EP/BADM-4 not only retained excellent optical properties, but also demonstrated increased glass transition temperatures (Tgs) and mechanical performances. The Tg of EP/BADM-2 reached 162.7 ℃, and its tensile and impact strengths increased by 34.8 % and 61.4 % relative to EP/EMI. EP/BADM-X exhibited enhanced fire safety, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning (UL-94) classification of EP/BADM-2 reached 28.2 % and V-0, respectively. Besides, EP/BADM-2 demonstrated enduring flame-retardant and mechanical performances, thus showing great application potential. Overall, this study introduces a new class of multifunctional latent curing agents for the fabrication of durable fire-safe, high-performance, one-component EPs. |
Keywords | One-component epoxy resin ; Latency; Thermal performances ; Mechanical properties ; Fire Safety |
Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 401609. Polymers and plastics |
Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
Byline Affiliations | Wuhan University of Technology, China |
Wuhan East Lake of HiTech Group, China | |
School of Engineering | |
Centre for Future Materials | |
School of Agriculture and Environmental Science |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/z564w/multifunctional-phosphorus-containing-imidazoliums-endowing-one-component-epoxy-resins-with-superior-thermal-latency-heat-resistance-mechanical-properties-and-fire-safety
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