Multifunctional phosphorus-containing imidazoliums endowing one-component epoxy resins with superior thermal latency, heat resistance, mechanical properties, and fire safety
Article
Wang, Jingsheng, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Chen, Xi, Chen, Kaiwen, Zhou, Gen, Liu, Xian, Xu, Lin, Huo, Siqi, Song, Pingan and Wang, Hao. 2024. "Multifunctional phosphorus-containing imidazoliums endowing one-component epoxy resins with superior thermal latency, heat resistance, mechanical properties, and fire safety." Chemical Engineering Journal. 485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.149852
| Article Title | Multifunctional phosphorus-containing imidazoliums endowing one-component epoxy resins with superior thermal latency, heat resistance, mechanical properties, and fire safety |
|---|---|
| ERA Journal ID | 3854 |
| Article Category | Article |
| Authors | Wang, Jingsheng, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Chen, Xi, Chen, Kaiwen, Zhou, Gen, Liu, Xian, Xu, Lin, Huo, Siqi, Song, Pingan and Wang, Hao |
| Journal Title | Chemical Engineering Journal |
| Journal Citation | 485 |
| Article Number | 149852 |
| Number of Pages | 14 |
| Year | 2024 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Place of Publication | Netherlands |
| ISSN | 1385-8947 |
| 1873-3212 | |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.149852 |
| Web Address (URL) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894724013378 |
| Abstract | Epoxy resin (EP) possesses a high flammability risk, but the flame retardants applied often reduce other properties. For the sake of large-scale industrial manufacturing, EP and curing agent are increasingly being premixed as one-component system rather than blended immediately prior to application. However, current designs fail to break the trade-off between flame retardancy and mechanical/thermal/optical properties of one-component EPs. Herein, we developed a series of phosphorus-containing imidazolium compounds, named BADM-X (X = 1, 2, 3, and 4), which served as multifunctional latent hardeners for one-component EPs. BADM-1, BADM-2, BADM-3, and BADM-4 were synthesized in ethanol through the neutralization between bisphenol A diphosphate (BAD) and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) at molar ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4, respectively, which were easy to industrialize. Varying the imidazole content in BADM-X allowed for adjusting the curing reactivity and thermal latency of EP/BADM-X, making it adaptable for various applications. EP/BADM-2, EP/BADM-3 and EP/BADM-4 not only retained excellent optical properties, but also demonstrated increased glass transition temperatures (Tgs) and mechanical performances. The Tg of EP/BADM-2 reached 162.7 ℃, and its tensile and impact strengths increased by 34.8 % and 61.4 % relative to EP/EMI. EP/BADM-X exhibited enhanced fire safety, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning (UL-94) classification of EP/BADM-2 reached 28.2 % and V-0, respectively. Besides, EP/BADM-2 demonstrated enduring flame-retardant and mechanical performances, thus showing great application potential. Overall, this study introduces a new class of multifunctional latent curing agents for the fabrication of durable fire-safe, high-performance, one-component EPs. |
| Keywords | One-component epoxy resin ; Latency; Thermal performances ; Mechanical properties ; Fire Safety |
| Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
| ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 401609. Polymers and plastics |
| Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
| Byline Affiliations | Wuhan University of Technology, China |
| Wuhan East Lake of HiTech Group, China | |
| School of Engineering | |
| Centre for Future Materials | |
| School of Agriculture and Environmental Science |
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