Flame-Retardant and Smoke-Suppressive Epoxy Resins with Enhanced Storage and Thermal Stability via Curing with a Phosphorus-Containing Imidazole Derivative
Article
Article Title | Flame-Retardant and Smoke-Suppressive Epoxy Resins with Enhanced Storage and Thermal Stability via Curing with a Phosphorus-Containing Imidazole Derivative |
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ERA Journal ID | 211585 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Wang, Haonan, Shi, Qiu, Huo, Siqi, Wang, Cheng, Ye, Guofeng, Zhang, Qi, Wang, Hao and Liu, Zhitian |
Journal Title | ACS Applied Polymer Materials |
Number of Pages | 10 |
Year | 2025 |
Publisher | American Chemical Society |
Place of Publication | United States |
ISSN | 2637-6105 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00255 |
Web Address (URL) | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsapm.5c00255 |
Abstract | Addressing the flammability of epoxy resins and simplifying the production process remain huge challenges. In this work, an imidazole-derived phosphorus/nitrogen-containing latent curing agent (ATIM) was synthesized using nitrilotrimethylene triphosphonic acid (ATMP) and 1-methylimidazole as raw materials for fabricating a single-component flame-retardant epoxy (EP). The ATIM-cured EP (EP/ATIM) showed desired flame-retardant properties, and its UL-94 classification reached V-0 when ATIM content increased to 13 wt %. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of EP/ATIM-15 (ATIM content: 15 wt %) reached 33.0%, and its peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) were 51.9 and 41.4% lower than those of the imidazole (IM)-cured EP (EP/IM-7, IM content: 7 wt %), respectively, which demonstrated considerable progress in both flame resistance and smoke reduction properties. EP/ATIM exhibited a higher onset decomposition temperature and greater char residue compared with EP/IM-7, demonstrating superior thermal stability. The shelf life of EP/ATIM-15 could be up to 7 days, confirming that the introduction of P-containing acid endowed EP/ATIM with increased storage stability. Thus, this study offers a feasible strategy for enhancing the storage stability, fire retardant performance, and thermal properties of a single-component epoxy resin. |
Keywords | single-component epoxy resin; imidazole; phosphorus; thermal stability; fire retardancy |
Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 401609. Polymers and plastics |
Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
Byline Affiliations | Wuhan Institute of Technology, China |
School of Engineering | |
Centre for Future Materials |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/zwx31/flame-retardant-and-smoke-suppressive-epoxy-resins-with-enhanced-storage-and-thermal-stability-via-curing-with-a-phosphorus-containing-imidazole-derivative
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