Facile Approach for Preparing Chitosan/Phosphaphenanthrene-Containing Epoxy Resins with Superior Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties

Article

Zhou, Pengcheng, Wang, Junjie, Bai, Ting, Chevali, Venkata, You, Dan and Huo, Siqi. 2023. "Facile Approach for Preparing Chitosan/Phosphaphenanthrene-Containing Epoxy Resins with Superior Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties." ACS Applied Polymer Materials. 5 (6), pp. 4256-4265. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.3c00452
Article Title

Facile Approach for Preparing Chitosan/Phosphaphenanthrene-Containing Epoxy Resins with Superior Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties

ERA Journal ID211585
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsZhou, Pengcheng, Wang, Junjie, Bai, Ting, Chevali, Venkata, You, Dan and Huo, Siqi
Journal TitleACS Applied Polymer Materials
Journal Citation5 (6), pp. 4256-4265
Number of Pages10
Year2023
PublisherAmerican Chemical Society
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN2637-6105
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.3c00452
Web Address (URL)https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsapm.3c00452
Abstract

Flame-retardant epoxy (EP) composites with excellent mechanical properties that can be produced via facile, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly fabrication are highly desirable. A variety of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivatives are used as flame retardants for EP resin due to their high efficiency, but their synthesis is often complicated. In this work, a biomass chitosan (CS) was chosen as a synergist for DOPO to obtain high-performance, fire-safe EPs through simple blending. The total loading of CS and DOPO was limited to 10 wt % in EP, with mass ratios of CS/DOPO being 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, or 3:1. At CS/DOPO ratios of 1:2 and 2:1, the obtained EP/10% CS1/DOPO2 and EP/10% CS2/DOPO1 achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating, and their limiting oxygen index increased to 33.7 and 32.5%, respectively. Compared with virgin EP, the heat release and smoke generation of EP/10% CS1/DOPO2 and EP/10% CS2/DOPO1 decreased, especially the total smoke production decreasing by 61.9 and 71.0%. Furthermore, the flexural strength of EP/10% CS1/DOPO2 and EP/10% CS2/DOPO1 was 36.0 and 38.4% higher than that of EP, respectively. The results indicated the synergistic effects of DOPO and CS in enhancing both flame retardancy and mechanical properties of EPs. This work offers a simple and practical strategy for preparing flame-retardant EPs with satisfactory mechanical properties.

Keywordsepoxy resin; synergistic effect; flame retardancy; phosphaphenanthrene; chitosan
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020401609. Polymers and plastics
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Byline AffiliationsWuhan Institute of Technology, China
Wuhan Textile University, China
Centre for Future Materials (Research)
School of Engineering
Centre for Future Materials
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A phosphorus-containing tertiary amine hardener enabled flame retardant, heat resistant and mechanically strong yet tough epoxy resins
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A novel hyperbranched phosphorus-boron polymer for transparent, flame-retardant, smoke-suppressive, robust yet tough epoxy resins
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Recent advances in nacre-inspired anisotropic thermally conductive polymeric nanocomposites
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Flexible pressure sensors via engineering microstructures for wearable human-machine interaction and health monitoring applications
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A hyperbranched P/N/B-containing oligomer as multifunctional flame retardant for epoxy resins
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Flame-retardant, transparent, mechanically-strong and tough epoxy resin enabled by high-efficiency multifunctional boron-based polyphosphonamide
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A Liquid Phosphaphenanthrene-Derived Imidazole for Improved Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin
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Effects of wood fiber size on the performance of biodegradable foam
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Green and Facile Synthesis of Bio-Based, Flame-Retardant, Latent Imidazole Curing Agent for Single-Component Epoxy Resin
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Recent advances in fire-retardant rigid polyurethane foam
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Sulfonated Block Ionomers Enable Transparent, Fire-Resistant, Tough yet Strong Polycarbonate
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A phosphorus/silicon-based, hyperbranched polymer for high-performance, fire-safe, transparent epoxy resins
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A phosphaphenanthrene-benzimidazole derivative for enhancing fire safety of epoxy resins
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Facile fabrication of single-component flame-retardant epoxy resin with rapid curing capacity and satisfied thermal resistance
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Fully Biobased Surface-Functionalized Microcrystalline Cellulose via Green Self-Assembly toward Fire-Retardant, Strong, and Tough Epoxy Biocomposites
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Mechanically Strong, Thermally Healable, and Recyclable Epoxy Vitrimers Enabled by ZnAl-Layer Double Hydroxides
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A molecularly engineered bioderived polyphosphate for enhanced flame retardant, UV-blocking and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)
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A highly fire-safe and smoke-suppressive single-component epoxy resin with switchable curing temperature and rapid curing rate
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Phosphorus-containing flame retardant epoxy thermosets: Recent advances and future perspectives
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Phase changes under efflorescence in alkali activated materials with mixed activators
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Polyphosphoramide-intercalated MXene for simultaneously enhancing the thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polylactide
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Core–Shell Bioderived Flame Retardants Based on Chitosan/Alginate Coated Ammonia Polyphosphate for Enhancing Flame Retardancy of Polylactic Acid
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A liquid phosphorus-containing imidazole derivative as flame-retardant curing agent for epoxy resin with enhanced thermal latency, mechanical, and flame-retardant performances
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Realizing simultaneous improvements in mechanical strength, flame retardancy and smoke suppression of ABS nanocomposites from multifunctional graphene
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A bio-based ionic complex with different oxidation states of phosphorus for reducing flammability and smoke release of epoxy resins
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Solid Wastes Toward Flame Retardants for Polymeric Materials: A Review
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Recycle of magnesium alloy scrap for improving fire resistance, thermal stability, and water tolerance of intumescent fire-retardant coatings
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A Novel Synergistic Flame Retardant of Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene for Epoxy Resin
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Fabrication and Mechanism Study of Cerium-Based P, N-Containing Complexes for Reducing Fire Hazards of Polycarbonate with Superior Thermostability and Toughness
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Exfoliated and functionalized boron nitride nanosheets towards improved fire resistance and water tolerance of intumescent fire retardant coating
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Enhanced toughness of PLLA/PCL blends using poly(d-lactide)-poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(d-lactide) as compatibilizer
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Current status of carbon fibre and carbon fibre composites recycling
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Polylactide/hemp hurd biocomposites as sustainable 3D printing feedstock
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Synergistic effect of polyhedral iron-cobalt alloys and graphite nanosheets with excellent microwave absorption performance
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Study on the plastic deformation zone of Q235 steel via hammering tight seam
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A P/N-containing flame retardant constructed by phosphaphenanthrene, phosphonate, and triazole and its flame retardant mechanism in reducing fire hazards of epoxy resin
Cheng, Jianwen, Duan, Huajun, Yang, Shuang, Wang, Jun, Zhang, Qianqian, Ding, Guoping, Hu, Yefa and Huo, Siqi. 2020. "A P/N-containing flame retardant constructed by phosphaphenanthrene, phosphonate, and triazole and its flame retardant mechanism in reducing fire hazards of epoxy resin." Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 137 (37). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.49090
One-step preparation of CoFe2O4/FeCo/graphite nanosheets hybrid composites with tunable microwave absorption performance
Su, Xiaogang, Wang, Jun, Zhang, Xiaoxiao, Huo, Siqi, Chen, Wei, Dai, Wei and Zhang, Bin. 2020. "One-step preparation of CoFe2O4/FeCo/graphite nanosheets hybrid composites with tunable microwave absorption performance." Ceramics International. 46 (8), pp. 12353-12363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.286
Intumescent fire retardant coating with recycled powder from industrial effluent optimized using response surface methodology
Liu, Shi, Wang, Cheng, Hu, Qinghua, Huo, Siqi, Zhang, Qi and Liu, Zhitian. 2020. "Intumescent fire retardant coating with recycled powder from industrial effluent optimized using response surface methodology." Progress in Organic Coatings. 140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.105494
Facile synthesis of cobalt-doped porous composites with amorphous carbon/zn shell for high-performance microwave absorption
Wu, Qilei, Jin, Huihui, Zhang, Bin, Huo, Siqi, Yang, Shuang, Su, Xiaogang and Wang, Jun. 2020. "Facile synthesis of cobalt-doped porous composites with amorphous carbon/zn shell for high-performance microwave absorption." Nanomaterials. 10 (2). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020330
Facile synthesis of Co-embedded porous spherical carbon composites derived from Co3O4/ZIF-8 compounds for broadband microwave absorption
Wu, Qilei, Wang, Jun, Jin, Huihui, Dong, Yawen, Huo, Siqi, Yang, Shuang, Su, Xiaogang and Zhang, Bin. 2020. "Facile synthesis of Co-embedded porous spherical carbon composites derived from Co3O4/ZIF-8 compounds for broadband microwave absorption." Composites Science and Technology. 195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108206
A facile strategy to fabricate an intumescent fire-retardant coating with improved fire resistance and water tolerance for steel structure
Huo, Siqi, Wang, Cheng, Hu, Qinghua, Liu, Shi, Zhang, Qi and Liu, Zhitian. 2020. "A facile strategy to fabricate an intumescent fire-retardant coating with improved fire resistance and water tolerance for steel structure." Journal of Coatings Technology and Research. 17 (5), pp. 1401-1411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-020-00360-1
Design of controlled-morphology NiCo2O4 with tunable and excellent microwave absorption performance
Su, Xiaogang, Wang, Jun, Zhang, Xiaoxiao, Huo, Siqi, Chen, Wei, Dai, Wei and Zhang, Bin. 2020. "Design of controlled-morphology NiCo2O4 with tunable and excellent microwave absorption performance." Ceramics International. 46 (6), pp. 7833-7841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.12.002
Aminobenzothiazole-substituted cyclotriphosphazene derivative as reactive flame retardant for epoxy resin
Cheng, Jianwen, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Zhang, Qianqian, Hu, Yefa, Ding, Guoping and Huo, Siqi. 2020. "Aminobenzothiazole-substituted cyclotriphosphazene derivative as reactive flame retardant for epoxy resin." Reactive and Functional Polymers. 146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104412
On the notch sensitivity of flax fibre metal laminates under static and fatigue loading
Kandare, E., Yoo, S., Chevali, V. S. and Khatibi, A. A.. 2018. "On the notch sensitivity of flax fibre metal laminates under static and fatigue loading." Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures. 41 (8), pp. 1691-1705. https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12807
Fire structural resistance of basalt fibre composite
Bhat, T., Chevali, Venkata, Liu, X., Feih, S. and Mouritz, A.. 2015. "Fire structural resistance of basalt fibre composite." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 71, pp. 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.01.006
Synthesis of a phosphaphenanthrene/benzimidazole-based curing agent and its application in flame-retardant epoxy resin
Huo, Siqi, Liu, Zhitian, Li, Chuan, Wang, Xiaolei, Cai, Haopeng and Wang, Jun. 2019. "Synthesis of a phosphaphenanthrene/benzimidazole-based curing agent and its application in flame-retardant epoxy resin." Polymer Degradation and Stability. 163, pp. 100-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.03.003
Synthesis of a DOPO-containing imidazole curing agent and its application in reactive flame retarded epoxy resin
Huo, Siqi, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Li, Chuan, Wang, Xiaolei and Cai, Haopeng. 2019. "Synthesis of a DOPO-containing imidazole curing agent and its application in reactive flame retarded epoxy resin." Polymer Degradation and Stability. 159, pp. 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.11.021
Preparation of flame-retardant cyanate ester with low dielectric constants and dissipation factors modified with novel phosphorus-contained Schiff base
Chen, Xi, Wang, Jun, Huo, Siqi, Yang, Shuang, Zhang, Bin and Cai, Haopeng. 2019. "Preparation of flame-retardant cyanate ester with low dielectric constants and dissipation factors modified with novel phosphorus-contained Schiff base." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry: an international forum for thermal studies. 135 (6), pp. 3153-3164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7507-1
MOF-derived graphitized porous carbon/Fe–Fe3C nanocomposites with broadband and enhanced microwave absorption performance
Yan, Tingyu, Wang, Jun, Wu, Qilei, Huo, Siqi and Duan, Huajun. 2019. "MOF-derived graphitized porous carbon/Fe–Fe3C nanocomposites with broadband and enhanced microwave absorption performance." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 30 (13), pp. 12012-12022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01558-9
Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-wrapped CNFs with controllable chemical reduction degree for enhanced microwave absorption performance
Zhang, Xiaoxiao, Wang, Jun, Su, Xiaogang and Huo, Siqi. 2019. "Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-wrapped CNFs with controllable chemical reduction degree for enhanced microwave absorption performance." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 553, pp. 402-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.055
Facile construction of one-component intrinsic flame-retardant epoxy resin system with fast curing ability using imidazole-blocked bismaleimide
Zhang, Qianqian, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Cheng, Jianwen, Ding, Guoping and Huo, Siqi. 2019. "Facile construction of one-component intrinsic flame-retardant epoxy resin system with fast curing ability using imidazole-blocked bismaleimide." Composites Part B: Engineering. 177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107380
A DOPO based reactive flame retardant constructed by multiple heteroaromatic groups and its application on epoxy resin: curing behavior, thermal degradation and flame retardancy
Zhang, Qianqian, Yang, Shuang, Wang, Jun, Cheng, Jianwen, Zhang, Qiaoxin, Ding, Guoping, Hu, Yefa and Huo, Siqi. 2019. "A DOPO based reactive flame retardant constructed by multiple heteroaromatic groups and its application on epoxy resin: curing behavior, thermal degradation and flame retardancy." Polymer Degradation and Stability. 167, pp. 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.06.020
Design of hierarchical 1D–2D NiCo2O4 as high-performance microwave absorber with strong loss and wide absorbing frequency
Su, Xiaogang, Wang, Jun, Zhang, Xiaoxiao, Zhang, Bin, Huo, S., Wu, Qilei, Dai, Wei and Zou, Yi. 2019. "Design of hierarchical 1D–2D NiCo2O4 as high-performance microwave absorber with strong loss and wide absorbing frequency." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 30 (17), pp. 16287-16297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01999-2
Benzimidazolyl-substituted cyclotriphosphazene derivative as latent flame-retardant curing agent for one-component epoxy resin system with excellent comprehensive performance
Cheng, Jianwen, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Zhang, Qianqian, Huo, Siqi, Zhang, Qiaoxin, Hu, Yefa and Ding, Guoping. 2019. "Benzimidazolyl-substituted cyclotriphosphazene derivative as latent flame-retardant curing agent for one-component epoxy resin system with excellent comprehensive performance." Composites Part B: Engineering. 177, p. 107440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107440
3D-structured assembly of RGO and Ag nanowires for enhanced microwave absorption performance epoxy composites
Zou, Yi, Wang, Jun, Zhang, Bin, Su, Xiaogang, Huo, Siqi, Yang, Shuang, Chen, Wei, Wang, Xiang and Wang, Junpeng. 2019. "3D-structured assembly of RGO and Ag nanowires for enhanced microwave absorption performance epoxy composites." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 30 (11), pp. 10321-10331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01370-5
A review of extending performance of epoxy resins using carbon nanomaterials
Liu, Shan, Chevali, Venkata S., Xu, Zhiguang, Hui, David and Wang, Hao. 2018. "A review of extending performance of epoxy resins using carbon nanomaterials." Composites Part B: Engineering. 136 (1), pp. 197-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.08.020
Glycidyl methacrylate-compatibilized poly(lactic acid)/hemp hurd biocomposites: processing, crystallization, and thermo-mechanical response
Khan, Belas Ahmed, Na, Haining, Chevali, Venkata, Warner, Philip, Zhu, Jin and Wang, Hao. 2018. "Glycidyl methacrylate-compatibilized poly(lactic acid)/hemp hurd biocomposites: processing, crystallization, and thermo-mechanical response." Journal of Materials Science and Technology. 34 (2), pp. 387-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2017.03.004
Synthesis of s-triazine based tri-imidazole derivatives and their application as thermal latent curing agents for epoxy resin
Yang, Shuang, Zhang, Qiaoxin, Hu, Yefa, Ding, Guoping, Wang, Jun, Huo, Siqi, Zhang, Bin and Cheng, Jianwen. 2018. "Synthesis of s-triazine based tri-imidazole derivatives and their application as thermal latent curing agents for epoxy resin." Materials Letters. 216, pp. 127-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.12.122
Synthesis of Fe@Ni nanoparticles-modified graphene/epoxy composites with enhanced microwave absorption performance
Zhang, Bin, Wang, Jun, Tan, Haoyuan, Su, Xiaogang, Huo, Siqi, Yang, Shuang, Chen, Wei and Wang, Junpeng. 2018. "Synthesis of Fe@Ni nanoparticles-modified graphene/epoxy composites with enhanced microwave absorption performance." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 29 (4), pp. 3348-3357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-8270-y
Synthesis of a novel reactive flame retardant containing phosphaphenanthrene and triazine-trione groups and its application in unsaturated polyester resin
Huo, Siqi, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Cai, Haopeng, Zhang, Bin, Chen, Xi, Wu, Qilei and Yang, Lingfeng. 2018. "Synthesis of a novel reactive flame retardant containing phosphaphenanthrene and triazine-trione groups and its application in unsaturated polyester resin." Materials Research Express. 5 (3). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aab2da
Synergistic effect between a novel triazine‐based flame retardant and DOPO/HPCP on epoxy resin
Huo, Siqi, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Cai, Haopeng, Zhang, Bin, Chen, Xi, Wu, Qilei and Yang, Lingfeng. 2018. "Synergistic effect between a novel triazine‐based flame retardant and DOPO/HPCP on epoxy resin." Polymers for Advanced Technologies. 29 (11), pp. 2774-2783. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.4400
Study on properties of flame‐retardant cyanate esters modified with DOPO and triazine compounds
Chen, Xi, Wang, Jun, Huo, Siqi, Yang, Shuang, Zhang, Bin and Cai, Haopeng. 2018. "Study on properties of flame‐retardant cyanate esters modified with DOPO and triazine compounds." Polymers for Advanced Technologies. 29 (10), pp. 2574-2582. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.4368
Preparation of flame-retardant cyanate ester resin combined with phosphorus-containing maleimide
Chen, Xi, Wang, Jun, Huo, Siqi, Yang, Shuang, Zhang, Bin and Cai, Haopeng. 2018. "Preparation of flame-retardant cyanate ester resin combined with phosphorus-containing maleimide." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry: an international forum for thermal studies. 132 (3), pp. 1617-1628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-6979-3
Low content Ag-coated poly(acrylonitrile) microspheres and graphene for enhanced microwave absorption performance epoxy composites
Zhang, Bin, Wang, Jun, Chen, Xiaocheng, Su, Xiaogang, Zou, Yi, Huo, Siqi, Chen, Wei and Wang, Junpeng. 2018. "Low content Ag-coated poly(acrylonitrile) microspheres and graphene for enhanced microwave absorption performance epoxy composites." Materials Research Express. 5 (4). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aabd28
Graphitized nitrogen-doped porous carbon composites derived from ZIF-8 as efficient microwave absorption materials
Wu, Qilei, Jin, Huihui, Chen, Wei, Huo, Siqi, Chen, Xi, Su, Xiaogang, Wang, Hang and Wang, Jun. 2018. "Graphitized nitrogen-doped porous carbon composites derived from ZIF-8 as efficient microwave absorption materials." Materials Research Express. 5 (6). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aac67e
Flame-retardant performance and mechanism of epoxy thermosets modified with a novel reactive flame retardant containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur
Huo, Siqi, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Chen, Xi, Zhang, Bin, Wu, Qilei and Zhang, Bo. 2018. "Flame-retardant performance and mechanism of epoxy thermosets modified with a novel reactive flame retardant containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur." Polymers for Advanced Technologies. 29 (1), pp. 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.4145
Enhanced microwave absorption property of epoxy nanocomposites based on PANI@Fe3O4@CNFs nanoparticles with three-phase heterostructure
Yang, Lingfeng, Cai, Haopeng, Zhang, Bin, Huo, Siqi and Chen, Xi. 2018. "Enhanced microwave absorption property of epoxy nanocomposites based on PANI@Fe3O4@CNFs nanoparticles with three-phase heterostructure." Materials Research Express. 5 (2). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aaab8d
Synthesis of a novel reactive flame retardant containing phosphaphenanthrene and piperidine groups and its application in epoxy resin
Huo, Siqi, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Zhang, Bin, Chen, Xi, Wu, Qilei and Yang, Lingfeng. 2017. "Synthesis of a novel reactive flame retardant containing phosphaphenanthrene and piperidine groups and its application in epoxy resin." Polymer Degradation and Stability. 146, pp. 250-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.10.015
Enhanced microwave absorption properties of epoxy composites containing graphene decorated with core–shell Fe3O4@polypyrrole nanoparticles
Zhang, Bin, Wang, Jun, Su, Xiaogang, Duan, Huajun, Cai, Haopeng, Wang, Junpeng, Yang, Shuang and Huo, Siqi. 2017. "Enhanced microwave absorption properties of epoxy composites containing graphene decorated with core–shell Fe3O4@polypyrrole nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 28 (16), pp. 12122-12131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7026-z
Coprecipitation synthesis of hollow poly(acrylonitrile) microspheres@CoFe2O4 with graphene as lightweight microwave absorber
Zhang, Bin, Wang, Jun, Wang, Junpeng, Duan, Huajun, Huo, Siqi and Tang, Yushan. 2017. "Coprecipitation synthesis of hollow poly(acrylonitrile) microspheres@CoFe2O4 with graphene as lightweight microwave absorber." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 28 (4), pp. 3337-3348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5927-x
Development of agricultural by-products as multifunctional fillers for polyolefins
Fuqua, M., Ulven, C. A., Chevali, V., Pryor, S., Wiesenborn, D., Gustafson, C., Chisholm, B., Tande, B., Seames, W. and Dworshak, J.. 2011. "Development of agricultural by-products as multifunctional fillers for polyolefins." 23rd International Polyolefins Conference 2011: Evolving Technology for the Global Economy. Houston, United States 27 Feb - 02 Mar 2011 United States.
Development of biobased sandwich structures for mass transit applications
Munusamy, Sethu, Whitacre, Ryan, Chevali, Venkata, Ulven, Chad, Alcock, Mercedes, Yu, Zhi-Cheng and Potter, Simon. 2012. "Development of biobased sandwich structures for mass transit applications." 2012 SAMPE International Symposium and Exhibition - Emerging Opportunities: Materials and Process Solutions. Baltimore, United States of America 21 - 24 May 2012 United States.
Study on interfacial properties of unidirectional flax/vinyl ester composites: resin manipulation on vinyl ester system
Huo, Shanshan, Chevali, Venkata S. and Ulven, Chad A.. 2013. "Study on interfacial properties of unidirectional flax/vinyl ester composites: resin manipulation on vinyl ester system." Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 128 (5), pp. 3490-3500. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.38565
Fire performance of basalt fibre composites under tensile loading
Feih, S., Bhat, T., Ab Raham, A., Chevali, V., Liu, X. and Mouritz, A. P.. 2014. "Fire performance of basalt fibre composites under tensile loading." 16th European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM 2014. Seville, Spain 22 - 26 Jun 2014 Europe.
Fire structural modelling and testing of welded aluminium plate
Chevali, V. S., Summers, P., Cholewa, N., Khatibi, A. Afaghi, Feih, S., Lattimer, B. Y., Case, S. W. and Mouritz, A. P.. 2016. "Fire structural modelling and testing of welded aluminium plate." Fire and Materials: an international journal. 40 (1), pp. 48-64. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2267
Evaluating the heat resistance of thermal insulated sandwich composites subjected to a turbulent fire
Kandare, Everson, Di Modica, Pietro, Chevali, Venkata S. and Gibson, Geoff A.. 2016. "Evaluating the heat resistance of thermal insulated sandwich composites subjected to a turbulent fire." Fire and Materials: an international journal. 40 (4), pp. 586-598. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2312
Probability analysis of the fire structural resistance of aluminium plate
Khatibi, A. Afaghi, Chevali, V., Feih, S. and Mouritz, A. P.. 2016. "Probability analysis of the fire structural resistance of aluminium plate." Fire Safety Journal. 83, pp. 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2016.04.004
Deterioration of the fire structural resistance of sandwich composite under tension due to water absorption
Anjang, A., Chevali, V. S., Feih, S. and Mouritz, A. P.. 2016. "Deterioration of the fire structural resistance of sandwich composite under tension due to water absorption." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 87, pp. 263-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.05.008
Synergistic flame retardancy effect of graphene nanosheets and traditional retardants on epoxy resin
Liu, Shan, Fang, Zhengping, Yan, Hongqiang, Chevali, Venkata S. and Wang, Hao. 2016. "Synergistic flame retardancy effect of graphene nanosheets and traditional retardants on epoxy resin." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 89, pp. 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.03.012
Processing and properties of antibacterial silver nanoparticle-loaded hemp hurd/poly(lactic acid) biocomposites
Khan, Belas A., Chevali, Venkata S., Na, Haining, Zhu, Jin, Warner, Philip and Wang, Hao. 2016. "Processing and properties of antibacterial silver nanoparticle-loaded hemp hurd/poly(lactic acid) biocomposites." Composites Part B: Engineering. 100, pp. 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.06.022
Processing and characterization of a polypropylene biocomposite compounded with maleated and acrylated compatibilizers
Nerenz, Brent A., Fuqua, Michael A., Chevali, Venkata S. and Ulven, Chad A.. 2012. "Processing and characterization of a polypropylene biocomposite compounded with maleated and acrylated compatibilizers." International Journal of Polymer Science. 2012, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/472078
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/lignocellulosic fiber biocomposite: Effect of artificial weathering on impact properties
Chevali, Venkata S., Nerenz, Brent A. and Ulven, Chad A.. 2012. "Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/lignocellulosic fiber biocomposite: Effect of artificial weathering on impact properties." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. 6 (1), pp. 42-50. https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2012.1188
Lignocellulosic byproducts as filler in polypropylene: comprehensive study on the effects of compatibilization and loading
Fuqua, Michael A., Chevali, Venkata S. and Ulven, Chad A.. 2013. "Lignocellulosic byproducts as filler in polypropylene: comprehensive study on the effects of compatibilization and loading." Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 127 (2), pp. 862-868. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.37820
Rigid biofoam composites as eco-efficient construction materials
Chevali, V. and Kandare, E.. 2016. "Rigid biofoam composites as eco-efficient construction materials." Pacheco-Torgal, Fernando, Ivanov, Volodymyr, Karak, Niranjan and Jonkers, Henk (ed.) Biopolymers and biotech admixtures for eco-efficient construction materials. Cambridge, United Kingdom. Woodhead Publishing Limited. pp. 275-304
Vegetable oil based rigid foam composites
Chevali, Venkata, Fuqua, Michael and Ulven, Chad A.. 2011. "Vegetable oil based rigid foam composites." Pilla, Srikanth (ed.) Handbook of bioplastics and biocomposites engineering applications. United States. John Wiley and Scrivener Publishing LLC. pp. 269-283
Effect of extrusion screw speed on biocomposite thermo-mechanical properties
Chevali, Venkata S. and Ulven, Chad A.. 2012. "Effect of extrusion screw speed on biocomposite thermo-mechanical properties." International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 5 (1), pp. 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2010.547625
Tension modelling and testing of sandwich composites in fire
Anjang, A., Chevali, V. S., Kandare, E., Mouritz, A. P. and Feih, S.. 2014. "Tension modelling and testing of sandwich composites in fire." Composite Structures. 113, pp. 437-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.03.016
Mechanical properties of hybrid lignocellulosic fiber-filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) biocomposites
Chevali, Venkata S., Nerenz, Brent A., Ulven, Chad A. and Kandare, Everson. 2015. "Mechanical properties of hybrid lignocellulosic fiber-filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) biocomposites." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 54 (4), pp. 375-382. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2014.961078
Post-fire mechanical properties of sandwich composite structures
Anjang, A., Chevali, V. S., Lattimer, B. Y., Case, S. W., Feih, S. and Mouritz, A. P.. 2015. "Post-fire mechanical properties of sandwich composite structures." Composite Structures. 132, pp. 1019-1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.07.009
Synthesis of a phosphorus/nitrogen-containing compound based on maleimide and cyclotriphosphazene and its flame-retardant mechanism on epoxy resin
Yang, Shuang, Wang, Jun, Huo, Siqi, Wang, Junpeng and Tang, Yushan. 2016. "Synthesis of a phosphorus/nitrogen-containing compound based on maleimide and cyclotriphosphazene and its flame-retardant mechanism on epoxy resin." Polymer Degradation and Stability. 126, pp. 9-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.01.011
Synthesis of a novel phosphorus-nitrogen type flame retardant composed of maleimide, triazine-trione, and phosphaphenanthrene and its flame retardant effect on epoxy resin
Huo, Siqi, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Wang, Junpeng, Zhang, Bin, Zhang, Bo, Chen, Xi and Tang, Yushan. 2016. "Synthesis of a novel phosphorus-nitrogen type flame retardant composed of maleimide, triazine-trione, and phosphaphenanthrene and its flame retardant effect on epoxy resin." Polymer Degradation and Stability. 131, pp. 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.07.013
Synergistic flame-retardant effect of expandable graphite and phosphorus-containing compounds for epoxy resin: Strong bonding of different carbon residues
Yang, Shuang, Wang, Jun, Huo, Siqi, Wang, Mei, Wang, Junpeng and Zhang, Bin. 2016. "Synergistic flame-retardant effect of expandable graphite and phosphorus-containing compounds for epoxy resin: Strong bonding of different carbon residues." Polymer Degradation and Stability. 128, pp. 89-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.03.017
Preparation and flame retardancy of DOPO–based epoxy resin containing bismaleimide
Wang, Tao, Wang, Jun, Huo, Siqi, Zhang, Bin and Yang, Shuang. 2016. "Preparation and flame retardancy of DOPO–based epoxy resin containing bismaleimide." High Performance Polymers. 28 (9), pp. 1090-1095. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954008316631591
A phosphorus-containing phenolic derivative and its application in benzoxazine resins: Curing behavior, thermal, and flammability properties
Huo, Siqi, Wang, Jun, Yang, Shuang, Zhang, Bin and Tang, Yushan. 2016. "A phosphorus-containing phenolic derivative and its application in benzoxazine resins: Curing behavior, thermal, and flammability properties." Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 133 (19), pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.43403
Microwave absorption properties of lightweight absorber based on Fe50Ni50-coated poly(acrylonitrile) microspheres and reduced graphene oxide composites
Zhang, Bin, Wang, Jun, Wang, Junpeng, Huo, Siqi, Zhang, Bin and Tang, Yushan. 2016. "Microwave absorption properties of lightweight absorber based on Fe50Ni50-coated poly(acrylonitrile) microspheres and reduced graphene oxide composites." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 413, pp. 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.04.014
Synthesis of a Phosphorus/Nitrogen-Containing Additive with Multifunctional Groups and Its Flame-Retardant Effect in Epoxy Resin
Yang, Shuang, Wang, Jun, Huo, Siqi, Wang, Mei and Cheng, Liufeng. 2015. "Synthesis of a Phosphorus/Nitrogen-Containing Additive with Multifunctional Groups and Its Flame-Retardant Effect in Epoxy Resin." Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 54 (32), pp. 7777-7786. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02026
The synergistic effect of maleimide and phosphaphenanthrene groups on a reactive flame-retarded epoxy resin system
Yang, Shuang, Wang, Jun, Huo, Siqi, Cheng, Liufeng and Wang, Mei. 2015. "The synergistic effect of maleimide and phosphaphenanthrene groups on a reactive flame-retarded epoxy resin system." Polymer Degradation and Stability. 115, pp. 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.02.016
Preparation and flame retardancy of an intumescent flame-retardant epoxy resin system constructed by multiple flame-retardant compositions containing phosphorus and nitrogen heterocycle
Yang, Shuang, Wang, Jun, Huo, Siqi, Cheng, Liufeng and Wang, Mei. 2015. "Preparation and flame retardancy of an intumescent flame-retardant epoxy resin system constructed by multiple flame-retardant compositions containing phosphorus and nitrogen heterocycle." Polymer Degradation and Stability. 119, pp. 251-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.05.019
Preparation and flame retardancy of a compounded epoxy resin system composed of phosphorus/nitrogen-containing active compounds
Yang, Shuang, Wang, Jun, Huo, Siqi, Wang, Mei and Wang, Junpeng. 2015. "Preparation and flame retardancy of a compounded epoxy resin system composed of phosphorus/nitrogen-containing active compounds." Polymer Degradation and Stability. 121, pp. 398-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.10.006