Native Atomic Defects Manipulation for Enhancing the Electronic Transport Properties of Epitaxial SnTe Films

Article

Hua, Fuqiang, Lv, Pengfei, Hong, Min, Xie, Sen, Zhang, Min, Zhang, Cheng, Wang, Wei, Wang, Zhaohui, Liu, Yong, Yan, Yonggao, Yuan, Shengjun, Liu, Wei and Tang, Xinfeng. 2021. "Native Atomic Defects Manipulation for Enhancing the Electronic Transport Properties of Epitaxial SnTe Films." ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 13 (47), pp. 56446-56455. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c15447
Article Title

Native Atomic Defects Manipulation for Enhancing the Electronic Transport Properties of Epitaxial SnTe Films

ERA Journal ID40638
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsHua, Fuqiang (Author), Lv, Pengfei (Author), Hong, Min (Author), Xie, Sen (Author), Zhang, Min (Author), Zhang, Cheng (Author), Wang, Wei (Author), Wang, Zhaohui (Author), Liu, Yong (Author), Yan, Yonggao (Author), Yuan, Shengjun (Author), Liu, Wei (Author) and Tang, Xinfeng (Author)
Journal TitleACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
Journal Citation13 (47), pp. 56446-56455
Number of Pages10
Year2021
PublisherAmerican Chemical Society
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN1944-8244
1944-8252
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c15447
Web Address (URL)https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsami.1c15447
Abstract

P-type SnTe-based compounds have attracted extensive attention because of their high thermoelectric performance. Previous studies have made tremendous efforts to investigate native atomic defects in SnTe-based compounds, but there has been no direct experimental evidence so far. On the basis of MBE, STM, ARPES, DFT calculations, and transport measurements, this work directly visualizes the dominant native atomic defects and clarifies an alternative optimization mechanism of electronic transport properties via defect engineering in epitaxially grown SnTe (111) films. Our findings prove that positively charged Sn vacancies (VSn) and negatively charged Sn interstitials (Sni) are the leading native atomic defects that dominate electronic transport in SnTe, in contrast to previous studies that only considered VSn. Increasing the substrate temperature (Tsub) and decreasing the Te/Sn flux ratio during film growth reduces the density of VSn while increasing the density of Sni. A high Tsub results in a low hole density and high carrier mobility in SnTe films. The SnTe film grown at Tsub = 593 K and Te/Sn = 2/1 achieves its highest power factor of 1.73 mW m-1 K-2 at 673 K, which is attributed to the optimized hole density of 2.27 × 1020 cm-3 and the increased carrier mobility of 85.6 cm2 V-1 s-1. Our experimental studies on the manipulation of native atomic defects can contribute to an increased understanding of the electronic transport properties of SnTe-based compounds.

KeywordsARPES; electronic transport properties; MBE; native atomic defects; SnTe films; STM
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020401699. Materials engineering not elsewhere classified
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Byline AffiliationsWuhan University of Technology, China
Wuhan University, China
Centre for Future Materials
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Liu, Weidi, Shi, Xiaolei, Hong, Min, Yang, Lei, Moshwan, Raza, Chen, Zhi-Gang and Zou, Jin. 2018. "Ag doping induced abnormal lattice thermal conductivity in Cu2Se." Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 6 (48), pp. 13225-13231. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc04129f
Enhancing thermoelectric performance of (Cu1-xAgx)2Se via CuAgSe secondary phase and porous design
Liu, Weidi, Shi, Xiaolei, Moshwan, Raza, Hong, Min, Yang, Lei, Chen, Zhi-Gang and Zou, Jin. 2018. "Enhancing thermoelectric performance of (Cu1-xAgx)2Se via CuAgSe secondary phase and porous design." Sustainable Materials and Technologies. 17, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2018.e00076
Atomic Insights into Phase Evolution in Ternary Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Nanostructures
Zou, Yi-Chao, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Aso, Kohei, Zhang, Chenxi, Kong, Fantai, Hong, Min, Matsumura, Syo, Cho, Kyeongjae and Zou, Jin. 2018. "Atomic Insights into Phase Evolution in Ternary Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Nanostructures." Small. 14 (22), pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201800780
Boosting the thermoelectric performance of p-type heavily Cu-doped polycrystalline SnSe via inducing intensive crystal imperfections and defect phonon scattering
Shi, Xiaolei, Zheng, Kun, Hong, Min, Liu, Weidi, Moshwan, Raza, Wang, Yuan, Qu, Xianlin, Chen, Zhi-Gang and Zou, Jin. 2018. "Boosting the thermoelectric performance of p-type heavily Cu-doped polycrystalline SnSe via inducing intensive crystal imperfections and defect phonon scattering." Chemical Science. 9 (37), pp. 7376-7389. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SC02397b
Sustainable utilization of municipal solid waste i incineration fly ash for ceramic bricks with eco-friendly biosafety
Deng, Yi, Gong, B., Chao, Y., Dong, T., Yang, W., Hong, Min, Shi, X., Wang, G., Jin, Y. and Chen, Z.-G.. 2018. "Sustainable utilization of municipal solid waste i incineration fly ash for ceramic bricks with eco-friendly biosafety." Materials Today Sustainability. 1-2, pp. 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtsust.2018.11.002
Self-assembled 3D flower-like hierarchical Ti-doped Cu3SbSe4 microspheres with ultralow thermal conductivity and high zT
Zhou, Tian, Wang, Lijun, Zheng, Shuqi, Hong, Min, Fang, Teng, Bai, Peng-Peng, Chang, Siyi, Cui, Wenlin, Shi, Xiaolei, Zhao, Huaizhou and Chen, Zhi-Gang. 2018. "Self-assembled 3D flower-like hierarchical Ti-doped Cu3SbSe4 microspheres with ultralow thermal conductivity and high zT." Nano Energy. 49, pp. 221-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.04.035
Nano-scale dislocations induced by self-vacancy engineering yielding extraordinary n-type thermoelectric Pb0.96-yInySe
Hong, Min, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Matsumura, Syo and Zou, Jin. 2018. "Nano-scale dislocations induced by self-vacancy engineering yielding extraordinary n-type thermoelectric Pb0.96-yInySe." Nano Energy. 50, pp. 785-793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.06.030
Arrays of planar vacancies in superior thermoelectric Ge1−x−yCdxBiyTe with band convergence
Hong, Min, Wang, Yuan, Liu, Weidi, Matsumura, Syo, Wang, Hao, Zou, Jin and Chen, Zhi-Gang. 2018. "Arrays of planar vacancies in superior thermoelectric Ge1−x−yCdxBiyTe with band convergence." Advanced Energy Materials. 8 (30), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201801837
Realizing zT of 2.3 in Ge1−x−ySbxInyTe via Reducing the Phase-Transition Temperature and Introducing Resonant Energy Doping
Hong, Min, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Yang, Lei, Zou, Yi-Chao, Dargusch, Matthew, Wang, Hao and Zou, Jin. 2018. "Realizing zT of 2.3 in Ge1−x−ySbxInyTe via Reducing the Phase-Transition Temperature and Introducing Resonant Energy Doping." Advanced Materials. 30 (11), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705942
Achieving zT > 2 in p-Type AgSbTe2−xSex alloys via exploring the extra light valence band and introducing dense stacking faults
Hong, Min, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Yang, Lei, Liao, Zhi-Ming, Zou, Yi-Chao, Chen, Yan-Hui, Matsumura, Syo and Zou, Jin. 2018. "Achieving zT > 2 in p-Type AgSbTe2−xSex alloys via exploring the extra light valence band and introducing dense stacking faults." Advanced Energy Materials. 8 (9), pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201702333
BixSb2_xTe3 nanoplates with enhanced thermoelectric performance due to sufficiently decoupled electronic transport properties and strong wide-frequency phonon scatterings
Hong, Min, Chen, Zhi G., Yang, Lei and Zou, Jin. 2016. "BixSb2_xTe3 nanoplates with enhanced thermoelectric performance due to sufficiently decoupled electronic transport properties and strong wide-frequency phonon scatterings." Nano Energy. 20, pp. 144-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.12.009
Enhancing the thermoelectric performance of SnSe1-xTex nanoplates through band engineering
Hong, Min, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Yang, Lei, Chasapis, Thomas C., Kang, Stephen Dongmin, Zou, Yichao, Auchterlonie, Graeme John, Kanatzidis, Mercouri G., Snyder, G. Jeffrey and Zou, Jin. 2017. "Enhancing the thermoelectric performance of SnSe1-xTex nanoplates through band engineering." Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 5 (21), pp. 10713-10721. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta02677c
Fundamental and progress of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric materials
Hong, Min, Chen, Zhigang and Zou, Jin. 2018. "Fundamental and progress of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric materials." Chinese Physics B. 27 (4), pp. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/27/4/048403
Achieving high Figure of Merit in p-type polycrystalline Sn0.98Se via self-doping and anisotropy-strengthening
Shi, Xiaolei, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Liu, Weidi, Yang, Lei, Hong, Min, Moshwan, Raza, Huang, Liqing and Zou, Jin. 2018. "Achieving high Figure of Merit in p-type polycrystalline Sn0.98Se via self-doping and anisotropy-strengthening." Energy Storage Materials. 10, pp. 130-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2017.08.014
Scalable growth of high mobility dirac semimetal Cd3As2 microbelts
Chen, Zhi Gang, Zhang, Cheng, Zou, Yichao, Zhang, Enze, Yang, Lei, Hong, Min, Xiu, Faxian and Zou, Jin. 2015. "Scalable growth of high mobility dirac semimetal Cd3As2 microbelts." Nano Letters: a journal dedicated to nanoscience and nanotechnology. 15 (9), pp. 5830-5834. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01885
Limit of zT enhancement in rocksalt structured chalcogenides by band convergence
Hong, Min, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Pei, Yanzhong, Yang, Lei and Zou, Jin. 2016. "Limit of zT enhancement in rocksalt structured chalcogenides by band convergence." Physical Review B: Covering condensed matter and materials physics. 94 (16). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.161201
Enhancing thermoelectric performance of Bi2Te3-based nanostructures through rational structure design
Hong, Min, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Yang, Lei and Zou, Jin. 2016. "Enhancing thermoelectric performance of Bi2Te3-based nanostructures through rational structure design." Nanoscale. 8 (16), pp. 8681-8686. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr00719h
Co-doped Sb2Te3 paramagnetic nanoplates
Yang, Lei, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Nie, Tianxiao, Han, Guang, Zhang, Zhi, Hong, Min, Wang, Kang L. and Zou, Jin. 2016. "Co-doped Sb2Te3 paramagnetic nanoplates." Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 4 (3), pp. 521-525. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tc03767k
Te-Doped Cu2Se nanoplates with a high average thermoelectric figure of merit
Yang, Lei, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Han, Guang, Hong, Min, Huang, Liqing and Zou, Jin. 2016. "Te-Doped Cu2Se nanoplates with a high average thermoelectric figure of merit." Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 4 (23), pp. 9213-9219. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta02998a
Rational design of Bi2Te3 polycrystalline whiskers for thermoelectric applications
Han, Guang, Chen, Zhi Gang, Yang, Lei, Hong, Min, Drennan, John and Zou, Jin. 2015. "Rational design of Bi2Te3 polycrystalline whiskers for thermoelectric applications." ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 7 (1), pp. 989-995. https://doi.org/10.1021/am5078528
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Nanostructured Bi2Te3 through Significant Phonon Scattering
Yang, Lei, Chen, Zhi Gang, Hong, Min, Han, Guang and Zou, Jin. 2015. "Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Nanostructured Bi2Te3 through Significant Phonon Scattering." ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 7 (42), pp. 23694-23699. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b07596
n-type Bi2Te3-xSex nanoplates with enhanced thermoelectric efficiency driven by wide-frequency phonon scatterings and synergistic carrier scatterings
Hong, Min, Chasapis, Thomas C., Chen, Zhi Gang, Yang, Lei, Kanatzidis, Mercouri G., Snyder, G. Jeffrey and Zou, Jin. 2016. "n-type Bi2Te3-xSex nanoplates with enhanced thermoelectric efficiency driven by wide-frequency phonon scatterings and synergistic carrier scatterings." ACS Nano. 10 (4), pp. 4719-4727. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b01156
Enhanced thermoelectric performance of ultrathin Bi2Se3 nanosheets through thickness control
Hong, Min, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Yang, Lei, Han, Guang and Zou, Jin. 2015. "Enhanced thermoelectric performance of ultrathin Bi2Se3 nanosheets through thickness control." Advanced Electronic Materials. 1 (6). https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201500025
High-performance thermoelectric Cu2Se nanoplates through nanostructure engineering
Yang, Lei, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Han, Guang, Hong, Min, Zou, Yichao and Zou, Jin. 2015. "High-performance thermoelectric Cu2Se nanoplates through nanostructure engineering." Nano Energy. 16, pp. 367-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.07.012
Impacts of Cu deficiency on the thermoelectric properties of Cu2-XSe nanoplates
Yang, Lei, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Han, Guang, Hong, Min and Zou, Jin. 2016. "Impacts of Cu deficiency on the thermoelectric properties of Cu2-XSe nanoplates." Acta Materialia. 113, pp. 140-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.04.050
n-type Bi-doped PbTe nanocubes with enhanced thermoelectric performance
Yang, Lei, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Hong, Min, Wang, Lihua, Kong, Deli, Huang, Liqing, Han, Guang, Zou, Yichao, Dargusch, Matthew and Zou, Jin. 2017. "n-type Bi-doped PbTe nanocubes with enhanced thermoelectric performance." Nano Energy. 31, pp. 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.11.027