Numerical investigation of case hardening of plant tissue during drying and its influence on the cellular-level shrinkage

Article


Karunasena, H. C. P., Gu, Y.T., Brown, R. J. and Senadeera, W.. 2015. "Numerical investigation of case hardening of plant tissue during drying and its influence on the cellular-level shrinkage." Drying Technology: an international journal. 33 (6), pp. 713-734. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2014.982759
Article Title

Numerical investigation of case hardening of plant tissue during drying and its influence on the cellular-level shrinkage

ERA Journal ID3877
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsKarunasena, H. C. P. (Author), Gu, Y.T. (Author), Brown, R. J. (Author) and Senadeera, W. (Author)
Journal TitleDrying Technology: an international journal
Journal Citation33 (6), pp. 713-734
Number of Pages22
Year2015
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN0737-3937
1532-2300
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2014.982759
Web Address (URL)http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07373937.2014.982759
Abstract

Dried plant food materials are one of the major contributors to the global food industry. Widening the fundamental understanding of different mechanisms of food material alterations during drying assists the development of novel dried food products and processing techniques. In this regard, case hardening is an important phenomenon, commonly observed during the drying processes of plant food materials, which significantly influences the product quality and process performance. In this work, a mesh-free-based 2D numerical model developed by the authors is further improved and used to simulate the influence of case hardening on shrinkage characteristics of plant tissues during drying. In order to model the fluid mechanisms of plant cells, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), which is a popular mesh-free technique used to solve hydrodynamics problems, is used. The cell wall mechanisms are modeled using the discrete element method (DEM). The model is fundamentally more capable of simulating large deformations of multiphase materials compared to conventional grid-based modeling techniques such as finite element methods (FEM) or finite difference methods (FDM). Case hardening is implemented by maintaining distinct moisture levels in the different cell layers of a given tissue. In order to compare and investigate different factors influencing tissue deformation under case hardening, four different plant tissue varieties (apple, potato, carrot, and grape) are studied. The simulation results indicate that the inner cells of any given tissue undergo limited shrinkage and cell wall wrinkling, compared to the case-hardened outer cell layers of the tissues. For a given dried tissue condition, the case-hardened cellular deformations are highly influenced by the unique characteristics of the different tissues, such as cell size, cell fluid turgor pressure, and cell wall properties.

Keywordscase hardening; DEM; food drying; mesh-free methods; microscale models; numerical modeling; plant tissue; shrinkage; SPH
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020400405. Food engineering
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Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
Queensland University of Technology
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Jahirul, M. I., Brown, J. R., Senadeera, W., Aswath, N., Laing, C., Leski-Taylor, J. and Rasul, M. G.. 2013. "Optimisation of bio-oil extraction process from Beauty Leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil seed as a second generation biodiesel source." Procedia Engineering. 56, pp. 619-624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.168
Influence of drying conditions on the moisture diffusion and fluidization quality during multi-stage fluidized bed drying of bovine intestine for pet food
Senadeera, W., Alves-Filho, O. and Eikevik, T.. 2013. "Influence of drying conditions on the moisture diffusion and fluidization quality during multi-stage fluidized bed drying of bovine intestine for pet food." Food and Bioproducts Processing. 91 (C4), pp. 549-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2013.08.008
Simulation of plant cell shrinkage during drying – a SPH–DEM approach
Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Brown, R. J. and Gu, Y. T.. 2014. "Simulation of plant cell shrinkage during drying – a SPH–DEM approach." Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements. 44, pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2014.04.004
Neutral and charged boron-doped fullerenes for CO2 adsorption
de Silva, Suchitra W., Du, Aijun, Senadeera, Wijitha and Gu, YuanTong. 2014. "Neutral and charged boron-doped fullerenes for CO2 adsorption." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. 5, pp. 413-418. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.49
Drying kinetics, quality changes and shrinkage of two grape varieties of Italy
Senadeera, W., Adiletta, G., Di Matteo, M. and Russo, P.. 2014. "Drying kinetics, quality changes and shrinkage of two grape varieties of Italy." Applied Mechanics and Materials. 553, pp. 362-366. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.553.362
A coupled SPH-DEM model for micro-scale structural deformations of plant cells during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Gu, Y. T. and Brown, R. J.. 2014. "A coupled SPH-DEM model for micro-scale structural deformations of plant cells during drying." Applied Mathematical Modelling: simulation and computation for engineering and environmental systems. 38 (15-16), pp. 3781-3801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2013.12.004
Physio-chemical assessment of beauty leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum)as second-generation biodiesel feedstock
Jahirul, M. I., Brown, R. J., Senadeera, W., Ashwath, N., Rasul, M. G., Rahman, M. M., Hossain, Farhad M., Moghaddam, Lalehvash, Islam, M. A. and O'Hara, I. M.. 2015. "Physio-chemical assessment of beauty leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum)as second-generation biodiesel feedstock." Energy Reports. 1, pp. 204-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2015.10.003
Physical mechanisms underlying the strain-rate-dependent mechanical behavior of kangaroo shoulder cartilage
Thibbotuwawa, Namal, Oloyede, Adekunle, Li, Tong, Singh, Sanjileena, Senadeera, Wijitha and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "Physical mechanisms underlying the strain-rate-dependent mechanical behavior of kangaroo shoulder cartilage." Applied Physics Letters. 107 (10), pp. 103701-1. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4929498
Investigation of the mechanical behavior of kangaroo humeral head cartilage tissue by a porohyperelastic model based on the strain-rate-dependent permeability
Thibbotuwawa, Namal, Oloyede, Adekunle, Senadeera, Wijitha, Li, Tong and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "Investigation of the mechanical behavior of kangaroo humeral head cartilage tissue by a porohyperelastic model based on the strain-rate-dependent permeability." Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 51, pp. 248-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.07.018
Estimation of biodiesel properties from chemical composition – an artificial neural network (ANN) approach
Jahirul, M. I., Senadeera, W., Brown, R. J. and Moghaddam, L.. 2014. "Estimation of biodiesel properties from chemical composition – an artificial neural network (ANN) approach." International Scientific Journal of Environmental Science. 3 (3), pp. 1-7.
Analysis of strain-rate dependent mechanical behavior of single chondrocyte: a finite element study
Gu, YuanTong, Nguyen, Trung Dung, Oloyede, Adekunle and Senadeera, Wijitha. 2014. "Analysis of strain-rate dependent mechanical behavior of single chondrocyte: a finite element study." International Journal of Computational Methods. 11 (1 (Supplement)), pp. 1344005-1. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219876213440052
A particle based model to simulate microscale morphological changes of plant tissues during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Brown, R. J. and Gu, Y. T.. 2014. "A particle based model to simulate microscale morphological changes of plant tissues during drying." Soft Matter. 10 (29), pp. 5249-5268. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00526k
A mesh free model for plant tissue deformations during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Brown, R. J. and Gu, Y. T.. 2014. "A mesh free model for plant tissue deformations during drying." Australian and New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ANZIAM) Journal. 55 (EMAC2013), pp. C110-C137.
The influence of abrasive pretreatment on hot air drying of grape
Adiletta, Giuseppina, Senadeera, Wijitha, Liguori, Loredana, Crescitelli, Alessio, Albanese, Donatella and Russo, Paula. 2015. "The influence of abrasive pretreatment on hot air drying of grape." Food and Nutrition Sciences. 6, pp. 355-364. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2015.63036
Numerical investigation of plant tissue porosity and its influence on cellular level shrinkage during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Gu, Y. T., Brown, R. J. and Senadeera, W.. 2015. "Numerical investigation of plant tissue porosity and its influence on cellular level shrinkage during drying." Biosystems Engineering. 132, pp. 71-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.02.002
Influence of drying conditions on the moisture diffusion during single stage and two stage fluidized bed drying of bovine intestine for pet food
Alves-Filho, O., Senadeera, W. and Eikevik, T.. 2013. "Influence of drying conditions on the moisture diffusion during single stage and two stage fluidized bed drying of bovine intestine for pet food." Goncharova-Alves, S., Alves-Filho, O. and Eikevik, T. M. (ed.) 6th Nordic Drying Conference (NDC2013). Copenhagen, Denmark 05 - 07 Jun 2013 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Drying condition effects on fluidization quality and fluidization velocity at initial and final stages of cubical particulates for pet food
Alves-Filho, O., Senadeera, W. and Eikevik, T.. 2013. "Drying condition effects on fluidization quality and fluidization velocity at initial and final stages of cubical particulates for pet food." Goncharova-Alves, S., Alves-Filho, O. and Eikevik, T. M. (ed.) 6th Nordic Drying Conference (NDC2013). Copenhagen, Denmark 05 - 07 Jun 2013 Copenhagen, Denmark.
An artificial neutral network (ANN) model for predicting biodiesel kinetic viscosity as a function of temperature and chemical compositions
Jahirul, M. L., Senadeera, W., Brooks, P., Brown, R. J., Situ, R., Pham, P. X. and Masri, A. R.. 2013. "An artificial neutral network (ANN) model for predicting biodiesel kinetic viscosity as a function of temperature and chemical compositions." Piantadosi, J., Anderssen, R. S. and Boland, J. (ed.) 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013). Adelaide, Australia 01 - 06 Dec 2013 Canberra, Australia. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand .
Application of meshfree methods to numerically simulate microscale deformations of different plant food materials during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Brown, R. J., Gu, Y. T. and Senadeera, W.. 2015. "Application of meshfree methods to numerically simulate microscale deformations of different plant food materials during drying." Journal of Food Engineering. 146, pp. 209-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.09.011
The use of artificial neural networks for identifying sustainable biodiesel feedstocks
Jahirul, Mohammed I., Brown, Richard J., Senadeera, Wijitha, O'Hara, Ian M. and Ristovski, Zoran D.. 2013. "The use of artificial neural networks for identifying sustainable biodiesel feedstocks." Energies. 6 (8), pp. 3764-3806. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6083764
Scanning electron microscopic study of microstructure of gala apples during hot air drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Hesami, P., Senadeera, W., Gu, Y. T., Brown, R. J. and Oloyede, A.. 2014. "Scanning electron microscopic study of microstructure of gala apples during hot air drying." Drying Technology: an international journal. 32 (4), pp. 455-468. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2013.837479
Biodiesel production from non-edible beauty leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil: process pptimization using response surface methodology (RSM)
Jahirul, Mohammad I., Koh, Wenyong, Brown, Richard J., Senadeera, Wijitha, O'Hara, Ian and Moghaddam, Lalehvash. 2014. "Biodiesel production from non-edible beauty leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil: process pptimization using response surface methodology (RSM)." Energies. 7 (8), pp. 5317-5331. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7085317
A constitutive model for mechanical response characterization of pumpkin peel and flesh tissues under tensile and compressive loadings
Shirmohammadi, Maryam, Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V. and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "A constitutive model for mechanical response characterization of pumpkin peel and flesh tissues under tensile and compressive loadings ." Journal of Food Science and Technology. 52 (8), pp. 4874-4884. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1605-2
Comprehensive Contribution of Filament Thickness and Crosslinker Failure to the Rheological Property of F-actin Cytoskeleton
Li, Tong, Liu, Ling, Hu, Dean, Oloyede, Adekunle, Xiao, Yin, Yarlagadda, Prasad and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "Comprehensive Contribution of Filament Thickness and Crosslinker Failure to the Rheological Property of F-actin Cytoskeleton." Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering. 8 (2), pp. 278-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-015-0382-y
Trans-scale Granular Modelling of Cytoskeleton: a Mini-Review
Li, Tong, Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V., Oloyede, Adekunle, Thibbotuwawa, Namal and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "Trans-scale Granular Modelling of Cytoskeleton: a Mini-Review." Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics. 12 (1), pp. 17-35. https://doi.org/10.3970/mcb.2015.012.017
Tensile properties of Si nanowires with faulted stacking layers
Zhan, Haifei, Gu, Yuantong, Yan, Cheng and Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V.. 2014. "Tensile properties of Si nanowires with faulted stacking layers." Science of Advanced Materials. 6 (7), pp. 1489-1492. https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2014.1800
Molecular investigation of the mechanical properties of single actin filaments based on vibration analyses
Li, Tong, Gu, Y. T., Oloyede, Adekunle and Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V.. 2014. "Molecular investigation of the mechanical properties of single actin filaments based on vibration analyses." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging and Visualization. 17 (6), pp. 616-622. https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2012.706279
How to increase the accuracy of analysis and reduce the computational time in ANSYS in the case of deformation study of orthopedic bone plates
Malekani, Javad, Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V., Schmutz, Beat, Gu, YuanTong and Schuetz, Michael. 2014. "How to increase the accuracy of analysis and reduce the computational time in ANSYS in the case of deformation study of orthopedic bone plates." 3rd International Conference on Materials and Products Manufacturing Technology (ICMPMT 2013). China 25 - 26 Sep 2013 Scientific.Net. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.834-836.1592
Bending properties of Ag nanowires with pre-existing surface defects
Zhan, H. F., Gu, Y. T., Yan, C. and Yarlagadda, P. K. D. V.. 2014. "Bending properties of Ag nanowires with pre-existing surface defects." Computational Materials Science. 81, pp. 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.05.032
Studies on bending limitations for the optimal fit of orthopaedic bone plates
Malekani, J., Schmutz, B., Gudimetla, P., Gu, Y., Schuetz, M. and Yarlagadda, Prasad. 2013. "Studies on bending limitations for the optimal fit of orthopaedic bone plates." 2nd International Conference on Materials and Products Manufacturing Technology (ICMPMT 2012). 22 - 23 Sep 2012 Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.602-604.1181
Drying constant and shrinkage constant relations of different shaped food particulates: empirical models
Senadeera, W.. 2008. "Drying constant and shrinkage constant relations of different shaped food particulates: empirical models." Thorat, B. N. and Mujumdar, A. S. (ed.) 16th International Drying Symposium (IDS 2008). Hyderabad, India 09 - 12 Nov 2008 https://doi.org/10.1080/07373930903221812
Fluidization characteristics of moist food particles
Senadeera, Wijitha, Wijesinghe, Bandu, Young, Gordon and Bhandari, Bhesh. 2006. "Fluidization characteristics of moist food particles." International Journal of Food Engineering. 2 (1), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.2202/1556-3758.1047
Modeling dimensional shrinkage of shaped foods in fluidized bed drying
Senadeera, Wijitha, Bhandari, Bhesh R., Young, Gordon and Wijesinghe, Bandu. 2005. "Modeling dimensional shrinkage of shaped foods in fluidized bed drying." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 29 (2), pp. 109-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.2005.00017.x
Influence of shapes of selected vegetable materials on drying kinetics during fluidized bed drying
Senadeera, Wijitha, Bhandari, Bhesh R., Young, Gordon and Wijesinghe, Bandu. 2003. "Influence of shapes of selected vegetable materials on drying kinetics during fluidized bed drying." Journal of Food Engineering. 58 (3), pp. 277-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00386-2
Methods for effective fluidization of particulate food materials
Senadeera, Wijitha, Bhandari, Bhesh R., Young, Gordon and Wijesinghe, Bandu. 2000. "Methods for effective fluidization of particulate food materials." Drying Technology: an international journal. 18 (7), pp. 1537-1557. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373930008917792
Physical properties and fluidization behaviour of fresh green bean particulates during fluidized bed drying
Senadeera, W., Bhandari, B., Young, G. and Wijesinghe, B.. 2000. "Physical properties and fluidization behaviour of fresh green bean particulates during fluidized bed drying." Food and Bioproducts Processing. 78 (C1), pp. 43-47. https://doi.org/10.1205/096030800532707