SPH-DEM approach to numerically simulate the deformation of three‑dimensional RBCs in non‑uniform capillaries

Article

Polwaththe-Gallage, Hasitha-Nayanajith, Saha, Suvash C., Sauret, Emily, Flower, Robert, Senadeera, Wijitha and Gu, YuanTong. 2016. "SPH-DEM approach to numerically simulate the deformation of three‑dimensional RBCs in non‑uniform capillaries." BioMedical Engineering OnLine. 15 (2 (Supplement)), pp. 349-370. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-016-0256-0
Article Title

SPH-DEM approach to numerically simulate the deformation of three‑dimensional RBCs in non‑uniform capillaries

ERA Journal ID42225
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsPolwaththe-Gallage, Hasitha-Nayanajith (Author), Saha, Suvash C. (Author), Sauret, Emily (Author), Flower, Robert (Author), Senadeera, Wijitha (Author) and Gu, YuanTong (Author)
Journal TitleBioMedical Engineering OnLine
Journal Citation15 (2 (Supplement)), pp. 349-370
Article Number161
Number of Pages22
Year2016
PublisherBioMed Central Ltd.
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN1475-925X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-016-0256-0
Web Address (URL)http://biomedical-engineering-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12938-016-0256-0
Abstract

Background: Blood continuously flows through the blood vessels in the human body. When blood flows through the smallest blood vessels, red blood cells (RBCs) in the blood exhibit various types of motion and deformed shapes. Computational modeling techniques can be used to successfully predict the behaviour of the RBCs in capillaries. In this study, we report the application of a meshfree particle approach to model and predict the motion and deformation of three-dimensional RBCs in capillaries.

Methods: An elastic spring network based on the discrete element method (DEM) is employed to model the three-dimensional RBC membrane. The haemoglobin in the RBC and the plasma in the blood are modelled as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) particles. For validation purposes, the behaviour of a single RBC in a simple shear flow is examined and compared against experimental results. Then simulations are carried out to predict the behaviour of RBCs in a capillary; (i) the motion of five identical RBCs in a uniform capillary, (ii) the motion of five identical RBCs with different bending stiffness (Kb) values in a stenosed capillary, (iii) the motion of three RBCs in a narrow capillary. Finally five identical RBCs are employed to determine the critical diameter of a stenosed capillary.

Results: Validation results showed a good agreement with less than 10% difference.From the above simulations, the following results are obtained; (i) RBCs exhibit different deformation behaviours due to the hydrodynamic interaction between them.(ii) Asymmetrical deformation behaviours of the RBCs are clearly observed when the bending stiffness (Kb) of the RBCs is changed. (iii) The model predicts the ability of the RBCs to squeeze through smaller blood vessels. Finally, from the simulations, the critical diameter of the stenosed section to stop the motion of blood flow is predicted.

Conclusions: A three-dimensional spring network model based on DEM in combination with the SPH method is successfully used to model the motion and deformation of RBCs in capillaries. Simulation results reveal that the condition of blood flow stopping depends on the pressure gradient of the capillary and the severity of stenosis of the capillary. In addition, this model is capable of predicting the critical diameter which prevents motion of RBCs for different blood pressures.

Keywordsblood flow, computational biomechanics, critical diameter, discrete element method, meshfree method, multiple red blood cells, smoothed particle hydrodynamics
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020401204. Computational methods in fluid flow, heat and mass transfer (incl. computational fluid dynamics)
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This is an open access journal that is found at: http://biomedical-engineering-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1...

Byline AffiliationsQueensland University of Technology
Australian Red Cross, Australia
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Senadeera, Wijitha. 2014. "Model for internal porosity development of different shaped foods." Thilakarathne, B. M. K. S., Rathnayake, H. M. A. P., Champa, W. A. H. and Wasala, W. M. C. B. (ed.) International Research Symposium on Postharvest Technology 2014: Safe Food for Healthy Life. Anuradapura, Sri-Lanka 19 Jun 2014 Anuradapura, Sri-Lanka.
A novel approach for numerical simulation of plant tissue shrinkage during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Brown, R. J. and Gu, Y. T.. 2014. "A novel approach for numerical simulation of plant tissue shrinkage during drying." Thilakaratne, B. M. K. S., Rathnayake, H. M. A. P., Champa, W. A. H. and Wasala, W. M. C. B. (ed.) International Research Symposium on Postharvest Technology 2014: Safe Food for Healthy Life. Anuradapura, Sri-Lanka 19 Jun 2014 Anuradapura, Sri-Lanka.
Carbon-based silicon nanohybrid anode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries
Sitinamaluwa, Hansinee, Zhang, Shanqing, Senadeera, Wijitha, Will, Geoffrey and Yan, Cheng. 2016. "Carbon-based silicon nanohybrid anode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries." Materials Technology: Advanced Performance Materials. 31 (14), pp. 872-883. https://doi.org/10.1080/10667857.2015.1104824
Strained graphitic carbon nitride for hydrogen purification
de Silva, S. W., Du, A., Senadeera, W. and Gu, Y.. 2017. "Strained graphitic carbon nitride for hydrogen purification." Journal of Membrane Science. 528, pp. 201-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.01.034
Physical mechanisms underlying the strain-rate-dependent mechanical behavior of kangaroo shoulder cartilage
Thibbotuwawa, Namal, Oloyede, Adekunle, Li, Tong, Singh, Sanjileena, Senadeera, Wijitha and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "Physical mechanisms underlying the strain-rate-dependent mechanical behavior of kangaroo shoulder cartilage." Applied Physics Letters. 107 (10). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4929498
Drying characteristics and quality of grape under physical pretreatment
Adiletta, G., Russo, P., Senadeera, W. and Di Matteo, M.. 2016. "Drying characteristics and quality of grape under physical pretreatment." Journal of Food Engineering. 172, pp. 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.06.031
Novel trends in numerical modelling of plant food tissues and their morphological changes during drying - a review
Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage, C. M., Karunasena, H. C. P., Gu, Y. T., Guan, L. and Senadeera, W.. 2017. "Novel trends in numerical modelling of plant food tissues and their morphological changes during drying - a review." Journal of Food Engineering. 194, pp. 24-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.09.002
An artificial neutral network (ANN) model for predicting biodiesel kinetic viscosity as a function of temperature and chemical compositions
Jahirul, M. L., Senadeera, W., Brooks, P., Brown, R. J., Situ, R., Pham, P. X. and Masri, A. R.. 2013. "An artificial neutral network (ANN) model for predicting biodiesel kinetic viscosity as a function of temperature and chemical compositions." Piantadosi, J., Anderssen, R. S. and Boland, J. (ed.) 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013). Adelaide, Australia 01 - 06 Dec 2013 Australia. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand . https://doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2013.G6.jahirul
A variable diffusivity model for the drying of spherical food particulates
Walker, Lauren and Senadeera, Wijitha. 2014. "A variable diffusivity model for the drying of spherical food particulates." Applied Mechanics and Materials. 553, pp. 94-99. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.553.94
Optimisation of bio-oil extraction process from Beauty Leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil seed as a second generation biodiesel source
Jahirul, M. I., Brown, J. R., Senadeera, W., Aswath, N., Laing, C., Leski-Taylor, J. and Rasul, M. G.. 2013. "Optimisation of bio-oil extraction process from Beauty Leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil seed as a second generation biodiesel source." Procedia Engineering. 56, pp. 619-624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.168
Influence of drying conditions on the moisture diffusion and fluidization quality during multi-stage fluidized bed drying of bovine intestine for pet food
Senadeera, W., Alves-Filho, O. and Eikevik, T.. 2013. "Influence of drying conditions on the moisture diffusion and fluidization quality during multi-stage fluidized bed drying of bovine intestine for pet food." Food and Bioproducts Processing. 91 (C4), pp. 549-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2013.08.008
Simulation of plant cell shrinkage during drying – a SPH–DEM approach
Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Brown, R. J. and Gu, Y. T.. 2014. "Simulation of plant cell shrinkage during drying – a SPH–DEM approach." Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements. 44, pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2014.04.004
Neutral and charged boron-doped fullerenes for CO2 adsorption
de Silva, Suchitra W., Du, Aijun, Senadeera, Wijitha and Gu, YuanTong. 2014. "Neutral and charged boron-doped fullerenes for CO2 adsorption." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. 5, pp. 413-418. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.49
Drying kinetics, quality changes and shrinkage of two grape varieties of Italy
Senadeera, W., Adiletta, G., Di Matteo, M. and Russo, P.. 2014. "Drying kinetics, quality changes and shrinkage of two grape varieties of Italy." Applied Mechanics and Materials. 553, pp. 362-366. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.553.362
A coupled SPH-DEM model for micro-scale structural deformations of plant cells during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Gu, Y. T. and Brown, R. J.. 2014. "A coupled SPH-DEM model for micro-scale structural deformations of plant cells during drying." Applied Mathematical Modelling: simulation and computation for engineering and environmental systems. 38 (15-16), pp. 3781-3801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2013.12.004
Physio-chemical assessment of beauty leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum)as second-generation biodiesel feedstock
Jahirul, M. I., Brown, R. J., Senadeera, W., Ashwath, N., Rasul, M. G., Rahman, M. M., Hossain, Farhad M., Moghaddam, Lalehvash, Islam, M. A. and O'Hara, I. M.. 2015. "Physio-chemical assessment of beauty leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum)as second-generation biodiesel feedstock." Energy Reports. 1, pp. 204-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2015.10.003
Investigation of the mechanical behavior of kangaroo humeral head cartilage tissue by a porohyperelastic model based on the strain-rate-dependent permeability
Thibbotuwawa, Namal, Oloyede, Adekunle, Senadeera, Wijitha, Li, Tong and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "Investigation of the mechanical behavior of kangaroo humeral head cartilage tissue by a porohyperelastic model based on the strain-rate-dependent permeability." Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 51, pp. 248-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.07.018
Estimation of biodiesel properties from chemical composition – an artificial neural network (ANN) approach
Jahirul, M. I., Senadeera, W., Brown, R. J. and Moghaddam, L.. 2014. "Estimation of biodiesel properties from chemical composition – an artificial neural network (ANN) approach." International Scientific Journal of Environmental Science. 3 (3), pp. 1-7.
Analysis of strain-rate dependent mechanical behavior of single chondrocyte: a finite element study
Gu, YuanTong, Nguyen, Trung Dung, Oloyede, Adekunle and Senadeera, Wijitha. 2014. "Analysis of strain-rate dependent mechanical behavior of single chondrocyte: a finite element study." International Journal of Computational Methods. 11 (1 (Supplement)), pp. 1344005-1. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219876213440052
A particle based model to simulate microscale morphological changes of plant tissues during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Brown, R. J. and Gu, Y. T.. 2014. "A particle based model to simulate microscale morphological changes of plant tissues during drying." Soft Matter. 10 (29), pp. 5249-5268. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00526k
A mesh free model for plant tissue deformations during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Brown, R. J. and Gu, Y. T.. 2014. "A mesh free model for plant tissue deformations during drying." Australian and New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ANZIAM) Journal. 55 (EMAC2013), pp. C110-C137.
The influence of abrasive pretreatment on hot air drying of grape
Adiletta, Giuseppina, Senadeera, Wijitha, Liguori, Loredana, Crescitelli, Alessio, Albanese, Donatella and Russo, Paula. 2015. "The influence of abrasive pretreatment on hot air drying of grape." Food and Nutrition Sciences. 6, pp. 355-364. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2015.63036
Numerical investigation of plant tissue porosity and its influence on cellular level shrinkage during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Gu, Y. T., Brown, R. J. and Senadeera, W.. 2015. "Numerical investigation of plant tissue porosity and its influence on cellular level shrinkage during drying." Biosystems Engineering. 132, pp. 71-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.02.002
Influence of drying conditions on the moisture diffusion during single stage and two stage fluidized bed drying of bovine intestine for pet food
Alves-Filho, O., Senadeera, W. and Eikevik, T.. 2013. "Influence of drying conditions on the moisture diffusion during single stage and two stage fluidized bed drying of bovine intestine for pet food." Goncharova-Alves, S., Alves-Filho, O. and Eikevik, T. M. (ed.) 6th Nordic Drying Conference (NDC2013). Copenhagen, Denmark 05 - 07 Jun 2013 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Drying condition effects on fluidization quality and fluidization velocity at initial and final stages of cubical particulates for pet food
Alves-Filho, O., Senadeera, W. and Eikevik, T.. 2013. "Drying condition effects on fluidization quality and fluidization velocity at initial and final stages of cubical particulates for pet food." Goncharova-Alves, S., Alves-Filho, O. and Eikevik, T. M. (ed.) 6th Nordic Drying Conference (NDC2013). Copenhagen, Denmark 05 - 07 Jun 2013 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Application of meshfree methods to numerically simulate microscale deformations of different plant food materials during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Brown, R. J., Gu, Y. T. and Senadeera, W.. 2015. "Application of meshfree methods to numerically simulate microscale deformations of different plant food materials during drying." Journal of Food Engineering. 146, pp. 209-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.09.011
The use of artificial neural networks for identifying sustainable biodiesel feedstocks
Jahirul, Mohammed I., Brown, Richard J., Senadeera, Wijitha, O'Hara, Ian M. and Ristovski, Zoran D.. 2013. "The use of artificial neural networks for identifying sustainable biodiesel feedstocks." Energies. 6 (8), pp. 3764-3806. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6083764
Scanning electron microscopic study of microstructure of gala apples during hot air drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Hesami, P., Senadeera, W., Gu, Y. T., Brown, R. J. and Oloyede, A.. 2014. "Scanning electron microscopic study of microstructure of gala apples during hot air drying." Drying Technology: an international journal. 32 (4), pp. 455-468. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2013.837479
Numerical investigation of case hardening of plant tissue during drying and its influence on the cellular-level shrinkage
Karunasena, H. C. P., Gu, Y.T., Brown, R. J. and Senadeera, W.. 2015. "Numerical investigation of case hardening of plant tissue during drying and its influence on the cellular-level shrinkage." Drying Technology: an international journal. 33 (6), pp. 713-734. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2014.982759
Biodiesel production from non-edible beauty leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil: process pptimization using response surface methodology (RSM)
Jahirul, Mohammad I., Koh, Wenyong, Brown, Richard J., Senadeera, Wijitha, O'Hara, Ian and Moghaddam, Lalehvash. 2014. "Biodiesel production from non-edible beauty leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil: process pptimization using response surface methodology (RSM)." Energies. 7 (8), pp. 5317-5331. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7085317
Numerical Modeling of Morphological Changes of Food Plant Materials during Drying
Karunasena, H. C. P. and Senadeera Wijitha. 2017. "Numerical Modeling of Morphological Changes of Food Plant Materials during Drying ." Zhang, Min, Bhandari, Bhesh and Fang, Zhongxiang (ed.) Handbook of Drying of Vegetables and Vegetable Products. United Kingdom. CRC Press. pp. 387-427
A constitutive model for mechanical response characterization of pumpkin peel and flesh tissues under tensile and compressive loadings
Shirmohammadi, Maryam, Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V. and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "A constitutive model for mechanical response characterization of pumpkin peel and flesh tissues under tensile and compressive loadings ." Journal of Food Science and Technology. 52 (8), pp. 4874-4884. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1605-2
Comprehensive Contribution of Filament Thickness and Crosslinker Failure to the Rheological Property of F-actin Cytoskeleton
Li, Tong, Liu, Ling, Hu, Dean, Oloyede, Adekunle, Xiao, Yin, Yarlagadda, Prasad and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "Comprehensive Contribution of Filament Thickness and Crosslinker Failure to the Rheological Property of F-actin Cytoskeleton." Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering. 8 (2), pp. 278-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-015-0382-y
Trans-scale Granular Modelling of Cytoskeleton: a Mini-Review
Li, Tong, Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V., Oloyede, Adekunle, Thibbotuwawa, Namal and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "Trans-scale Granular Modelling of Cytoskeleton: a Mini-Review." Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics. 12 (1), pp. 17-35. https://doi.org/10.3970/mcb.2015.012.017
Tensile properties of Si nanowires with faulted stacking layers
Zhan, Haifei, Gu, Yuantong, Yan, Cheng and Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V.. 2014. "Tensile properties of Si nanowires with faulted stacking layers." Science of Advanced Materials. 6 (7), pp. 1489-1492. https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2014.1800
Molecular investigation of the mechanical properties of single actin filaments based on vibration analyses
Li, Tong, Gu, Y. T., Oloyede, Adekunle and Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V.. 2014. "Molecular investigation of the mechanical properties of single actin filaments based on vibration analyses." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging and Visualization. 17 (6), pp. 616-622. https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2012.706279
Development of Empirical Equations for Irradiance Profile of a Standard Parabolic Trough Collector Using Monte Carlo Ray Tracing Technique
Islam, Majedul, Karim, M. A., Saha, Suvash C., Miller, Sarah and Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V.. 2014. "Development of Empirical Equations for Irradiance Profile of a Standard Parabolic Trough Collector Using Monte Carlo Ray Tracing Technique." 3rd International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (EESD 2013). China 12 - 13 Nov 2013 Scientific.Net. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.860-863.180
How to increase the accuracy of analysis and reduce the computational time in ANSYS in the case of deformation study of orthopedic bone plates
Malekani, Javad, Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V., Schmutz, Beat, Gu, YuanTong and Schuetz, Michael. 2014. "How to increase the accuracy of analysis and reduce the computational time in ANSYS in the case of deformation study of orthopedic bone plates." 3rd International Conference on Materials and Products Manufacturing Technology (ICMPMT 2013). China 25 - 26 Sep 2013 Scientific.Net. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.834-836.1592
Bending properties of Ag nanowires with pre-existing surface defects
Zhan, H. F., Gu, Y. T., Yan, C. and Yarlagadda, P. K. D. V.. 2014. "Bending properties of Ag nanowires with pre-existing surface defects." Computational Materials Science. 81, pp. 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.05.032
Studies on bending limitations for the optimal fit of orthopaedic bone plates
Malekani, J., Schmutz, B., Gudimetla, P., Gu, Y., Schuetz, M. and Yarlagadda, Prasad. 2013. "Studies on bending limitations for the optimal fit of orthopaedic bone plates." 2nd International Conference on Materials and Products Manufacturing Technology (ICMPMT 2012). 22 - 23 Sep 2012 Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.602-604.1181
The Drying Constant and its Effect on the Shrinkage Constant of Different-Shaped Food Particulates
Senadeera, Wijitha. 2008. "The Drying Constant and its Effect on the Shrinkage Constant of Different-Shaped Food Particulates." International Journal of Food Engineering. 4 (8). https://doi.org/10.2202/1556-3758.1219
Drying constant and shrinkage constant relations of different shaped food particulates: empirical models
Senadeera, W.. 2008. "Drying constant and shrinkage constant relations of different shaped food particulates: empirical models." Thorat, B. N. and Mujumdar, A. S. (ed.) 16th International Drying Symposium (IDS 2008). Hyderabad, India 09 - 12 Nov 2008 https://doi.org/10.1080/07373930903221812
Fluidization characteristics of moist food particles
Senadeera, Wijitha, Wijesinghe, Bandu, Young, Gordon and Bhandari, Bhesh. 2006. "Fluidization characteristics of moist food particles." International Journal of Food Engineering. 2 (1), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.2202/1556-3758.1047
Modeling dimensional shrinkage of shaped foods in fluidized bed drying
Senadeera, Wijitha, Bhandari, Bhesh R., Young, Gordon and Wijesinghe, Bandu. 2005. "Modeling dimensional shrinkage of shaped foods in fluidized bed drying." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 29 (2), pp. 109-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.2005.00017.x
Influence of shapes of selected vegetable materials on drying kinetics during fluidized bed drying
Senadeera, Wijitha, Bhandari, Bhesh R., Young, Gordon and Wijesinghe, Bandu. 2003. "Influence of shapes of selected vegetable materials on drying kinetics during fluidized bed drying." Journal of Food Engineering. 58 (3), pp. 277-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00386-2
Methods for effective fluidization of particulate food materials
Senadeera, Wijitha, Bhandari, Bhesh R., Young, Gordon and Wijesinghe, Bandu. 2000. "Methods for effective fluidization of particulate food materials." Drying Technology: an international journal. 18 (7), pp. 1537-1557. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373930008917792
Physical properties and fluidization behaviour of fresh green bean particulates during fluidized bed drying
Senadeera, W., Bhandari, B., Young, G. and Wijesinghe, B.. 2000. "Physical properties and fluidization behaviour of fresh green bean particulates during fluidized bed drying." Food and Bioproducts Processing. 78 (C1), pp. 43-47. https://doi.org/10.1205/096030800532707