Niño 4 West (Niño-4W) sea surface temperature variability

Article

Feng, M., Zhang, Y., Hendon, H., McPhaden, M. and Marshall, A.. 2021. "Niño 4 West (Niño-4W) sea surface temperature variability." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 126 (9). https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017591
Article Title

Niño 4 West (Niño-4W) sea surface temperature variability

ERA Journal ID201011
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsFeng, M., Zhang, Y., Hendon, H., McPhaden, M. and Marshall, A.
Journal TitleJournal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
Journal Citation126 (9)
Year2021
ISSN2169-9275
2169-9291
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017591
Web Address (URL)https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017591
Abstract

Sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the western half of the Niño 4 region (Niño-4W), bounded by 160°E−175°W and 5°S–5°N, has a significant impact on weather and the marine environment of the Indo-Pacific. It exhibits significant negative skewness, with the strong penetration of the cold tongue into the western Pacific during strong La Niñas but a more muted response during El Niños. Zonal advection plays a dominant role in driving Niño-4W SST cooling during the strong La Niña events; vertical processes also contribute, with air-sea heat fluxes providing weak negative feedback. Advection also plays a key role in driving the Niño-4W SST warming, which is not always in sync with El Niño events. Among the advection terms, the advection of mean temperature by zonal velocity anomalies, or zonal advective feedback, plays a key role during the development phase of the warm and cold events. Strong negative air-sea heat flux anomalies during the development of warm events are linked to the negative SST skewness in the Niño-4W region.

ANZSRC Field of Research 2020370105. Atmospheric dynamics
Byline AffiliationsCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia
University of Sydney
Australian Bureau of Meteorology
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States
Centre for Applied Climate Sciences (Research)
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