The effects of inspiratory muscle training in older adults

Article

Mills, Dean E., Johnson, Michael A., Barnett, Yvonne A., Smith, William H. T. and Sharpe, Graham R.. 2015. "The effects of inspiratory muscle training in older adults." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 47 (4), pp. 691-697. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000474
Article Title

The effects of inspiratory muscle training in older adults

ERA Journal ID9788
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsMills, Dean E. (Author), Johnson, Michael A. (Author), Barnett, Yvonne A. (Author), Smith, William H. T. (Author) and Sharpe, Graham R. (Author)
Journal TitleMedicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Journal Citation47 (4), pp. 691-697
Number of Pages7
Year2015
PublisherLippincott Williams & Wilkins
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN0195-9131
1530-0315
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000474
Web Address (URL)https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2015/04000/The_Effects_of_Inspiratory_Muscle_Training_in.3.aspx
Abstract

Purpose: Declining inspiratory muscle function and structure
and systemic low-level inflammation and oxidative stress may contribute to morbidity and mortality during normal ageing. Therefore, we examined the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in older adults on inspiratory muscle function and structure and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, and reexamined the reported positive effects of IMT on respiratory muscle strength, inspiratory
muscle endurance, spirometry, exercise performance, physical activity levels (PAL), and quality of life (QoL).

Methods: Thirty-four healthy older adults (68 ± 3 yr) with normal spirometry, respiratory muscle strength, and physical fitness were divided equally into a pressure-threshold IMT or sham-hypoxic placebo group. Before and after an 8-wk intervention, measurements were taken for dynamic inspiratory muscle function and inspiratory muscle endurance using a weighted plunger pressure-threshold loading device; diaphragm thickness by using B-mode ultrasonography; plasma cytokine concentrations by using immunoassays; DNA damage levels in peripheral
blood mononuclear cells by using comet assays; spirometry, maximal mouth pressures, and exercise performance by using a 6-min walk test; PAL by using a questionnaire and accelerometry; and QoL using a questionnaire.

Results: Compared with placebo, IMT increased maximal inspiratory pressure (+34% ± 43%, P = 0.008), diaphragm thickness at residual volume (+38% ± 39%, P = 0.03), and peak inspiratory flow (+35% ± 42%, P = 0.049) but did not change other spirometry measures, plasma cytokine concentrations, DNA damage levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, dynamic inspiratory muscle function, inspiratory muscle endurance, exercise performance,
PAL, or QoL.

Conclusion: These novel data indicate that in healthy older adults, IMT elicits some positive changes in inspiratory muscle function and structure but neither attenuates systemic inflammation and oxidative stress nor improves exercise performance, PAL, or QoL.

Keywordsinspiratory muscle structure; inspiratory muscle function; cytokines; oxidative stress
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420702. Exercise physiology
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Byline AffiliationsNottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
Nottingham University Hospitals, United Kingdom
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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