The benefits of regular aerobic exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in older adults

Article

Bliss, Edward S., Biki, Samia M., Wong, Rachel H. X., Howe, Peter R. C. and Mills, Dean E.. 2023. "The benefits of regular aerobic exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in older adults." European Journal of Applied Physiology. 123 (6), pp. 1323-1342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05154-y
Article Title

The benefits of regular aerobic exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in older adults

ERA Journal ID9750
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsBliss, Edward S., Biki, Samia M., Wong, Rachel H. X., Howe, Peter R. C. and Mills, Dean E.
Journal TitleEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology
Journal Citation123 (6), pp. 1323-1342
Number of Pages20
Year2023
Place of PublicationGermany
ISSN1439-6319
1439-6327
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05154-y
Web Address (URL)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-023-05154-y
Abstract

We compared the differences in cerebrovascular and cognitive function between 13 aerobic exercise trained, older adults and 13 age-, height- and sex-matched sedentary, untrained controls. We determined whether other measures accounted for differences in cerebrovascular and cognitive function between these groups and examined the associations between these functions. Participants undertook anthropometric, mood, cardiovascular, exercise performance, strength, cerebrovascular, and cognitive measurements, and a blood collection. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography determined cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to hypercapnia and cognitive stimuli. The trained group had a higher CVR to hypercapnia (80.3 ± 7.2 vs 35.1 ± 6.7%, P < 0.001), CVR to cognitive stimuli (30.1 ± 2.9 vs 17.8 ± 1.4%, P = 0.001) and total composite cognitive score (117 ± 2 vs 98 ± 4, P < 0.001) than the controls. These parameters no longer remained statistically different between the groups following adjustments for covariates. There were positive correlations between the total composite cognitive score and CVR to hypercapnia (r = 0.474, P = 0.014) and CVR to cognitive stimuli (r = 0.685, P < 0.001). We observed a relationship between cerebrovascular and cognitive function in older adults and an interaction between regular lifelong aerobic exercise training and cardiometabolic factors that may directly influence these functions.

KeywordsAerobic exercise training; Ageing; Cardiometabolic; Cerebrovascular function; Cognition
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020320101. Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)
420702. Exercise physiology
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Byline AffiliationsSchool of Health and Medical Sciences
Centre for Health Research
University of Newcastle
University of Adelaide
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Gregson, Ian, Mills, Dean, Gonzalez, Javier, Sharpe, Graham and Johnson, Michael. 2012. "Inspiratory muscle warm-up does not improve cycling time trial performance." 22nd European Respiratory Society Annual Congress. Vienna, Austria 01 - 05 Sep 2012 Switzerland.
Abdominal adiposity and obstructive airway disease: Testing insulin resistance and sleep disordered breathing mechanisms
Haren, Matthew T., Misan, Gary, Paterson, Tracey Jayne, Ruffin, Richard E., Grant, Janet F., Buckley, Jonathan D., Howe, Peter R. C., Newbury, Jonathan, Taylor, Anne W. and McDermott, Robyn A.. 2012. "Abdominal adiposity and obstructive airway disease: Testing insulin resistance and sleep disordered breathing mechanisms." BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-12-31
Knee extensor strength differences in obese and healthy-weight 10-to 13-year-olds
Tsiros, Margarita D., Coates, Alison M., Howe, Peter R.C., Grimshaw, Paul N., Walkley, Jeff, Shield, Anthony, Mallows, Richard, Hills, Andrew P., Kagawa, Masaharu, Shultz, Sarah and Buckley, Jonathan D.. 2013. "Knee extensor strength differences in obese and healthy-weight 10-to 13-year-olds." European Journal of Applied Physiology. 113 (6), pp. 1415-1422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2561-z
Potential effects of phytoestrogen genistein in modulating acute methotrexate chemotherapy-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone damage in rats
King, Tristan J., Shandala, Tetyana, Lee, Alice M., Foster, Bruce K., Chen, Ke Ming, Howe, Peter R. and Xian, Cory J.. 2015. "Potential effects of phytoestrogen genistein in modulating acute methotrexate chemotherapy-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone damage in rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 16 (8), pp. 18293-18311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160818293
Chronic resveratrol consumption improves brachial flow-mediated dilatation in healthy obese adults
Wong, Rachel H. X., Berry, Narelle M., Coates, Alison M., Buckley, Jonathan D., Bryan, Janet, Kunz, Iris and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2013. "Chronic resveratrol consumption improves brachial flow-mediated dilatation in healthy obese adults." Journal of Hypertension. 31 (9), pp. 1819-1827. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e328362b9d6
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, cognition and literacy in children with ADHD with and without learning difficulties
Milte, Catherine M., Sinn, Natalie, Buckley, Jonathan D., Coates, Alison M., Young, Ross M. and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2011. "Polyunsaturated fatty acids, cognition and literacy in children with ADHD with and without learning difficulties." Journal of Child Health Care. 15 (4), pp. 299-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493511403953
Acute effects of an Avena Sativa herb extract on responses to the stroop color-word test
Berry, Narelle M., Robinson, Matthew J., Bryan, Janet, Buckley, Jonathan D., Murphy, Karen J. and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2011. "Acute effects of an Avena Sativa herb extract on responses to the stroop color-word test." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 17 (7), pp. 635-637. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2010.0450
Dairy consumption and working memory performance in overweight and obese adults
Crichton, Georgina E., Murphy, Karen J., Howe, Peter R. C., Buckley, Jonathan D. and Bryan, Janet. 2012. "Dairy consumption and working memory performance in overweight and obese adults." Appetite. 59 (1), pp. 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.03.019
Long-term dietary intervention trials: critical issues and challenges
Crichton, Georgina E., Howe, Peter R. C., Buckley, Jonathan D., Coates, Alison M., Murphy, Karen J. and Bryan, Janet. 2012. "Long-term dietary intervention trials: critical issues and challenges." Trials. 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-13-111
Transcranial doppler ultrasound to assess cerebrovascular reactivity: reliability, reproducibility and effect of posture
McDonnell, Michelle N., Berry, Narelle M., Cutting, Mark A., Keage, Hannah A., Buckley, Jonathan D. and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2013. "Transcranial doppler ultrasound to assess cerebrovascular reactivity: reliability, reproducibility and effect of posture." PEERJ. 1, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.65
Feasibility of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation as an adjunct therapy for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Fulton, Ashley S., Hill, Alison M., Williams, Marie T., Howe, Peter R. C., Frith, Peter A., Wood, Lisa G., Garg, Manohar L. and Coates, Alison M.. 2013. "Feasibility of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation as an adjunct therapy for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial." Trials. 14 (107). https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-14-107
Evidence for circulatory benefits of Resveratrol in humans
Wong, Rachel H. X., Coates, Alison M., Buckley, Jonathan D. and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2013. "Evidence for circulatory benefits of Resveratrol in humans." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1290 (1), pp. 52-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12155
Chronic consumption of a wild green oat extract (Neuravena) improves brachial flow-mediated dilatation and cerebrovascular responsiveness in older adults
Wong, Rachel H. X., Howe, Peter R. C., Coates, Alison M., Buckley, Jonathan D. and Berry, Narelle M.. 2013. "Chronic consumption of a wild green oat extract (Neuravena) improves brachial flow-mediated dilatation and cerebrovascular responsiveness in older adults." Journal of Hypertension. 31 (1), pp. 192-200. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835b04d4
Effect of vibration on muscle perfusion: a systematic review
Fuller, Joel T., Thomson, Rebecca L., Howe, Peter R. C. and Buckley, Jonathan D.. 2013. "Effect of vibration on muscle perfusion: a systematic review." Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. 33 (1), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097X.2012.01161.x
Musculoskeletal pain in obese compared with healthy-weight children
Tsiros, Margarita D., Buckley, Jonathan D., Howe, Peter R. C., Walkley, Jeff, Hills, Andrew P. and Coates, Alison M.. 2014. "Musculoskeletal pain in obese compared with healthy-weight children." The Clinical Journal of Pain. 30 (7), pp. 583-588. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000017
Nut consumption for vascular health and cognitive function
Barbour, Jayne A., Howe, Peter R. C., Buckley, Jonathan D., Bryan, Janet and Coates, Alison M.. 2014. "Nut consumption for vascular health and cognitive function." Nutrition Research Reviews. 27 (1), pp. 131-158. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422414000079
Impaired physical function associated with childhood obesity: How should we intervene?
Tsiros, Margarita D., Buckley, Jonathan D., Olds, Timothy, Howe, Peter R. C., Hills, Andrew P., Walkley, Jeff, Wood, Rachel, Kagawa, Masaharu, Shield, Anthony, Taylor, Lara, Shultz, Sarah P., Grimshaw, Paul N., Grigg, Kaine and Coates, Alison M.. 2016. "Impaired physical function associated with childhood obesity: How should we intervene?" Childhood Obesity. 12 (2), pp. 126-134. https://doi.org/10.1089/chi.2015.0123
Maximal rate of increase in heart rate during the rest-exercise transition tracks reductions in exercise performance when training load is increased
Nelson, Maximillian J., Thomson, Rebecca L., Rogers, Daniel K., Howe, Peter R. C. and Buckley, Jonathan D.. 2014. "Maximal rate of increase in heart rate during the rest-exercise transition tracks reductions in exercise performance when training load is increased." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 17 (1), pp. 129-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.02.016
Lower energy intake following consumption of Hi-oleic and regular peanuts compared with iso-energetic consumption of potato crisps
Barbour, Jayne A., Howe, Peter R. C., Buckley, Jonathan D., Wright, Graeme C., Bryan, Janet and Coates, Alison M.. 2014. "Lower energy intake following consumption of Hi-oleic and regular peanuts compared with iso-energetic consumption of potato crisps." Appetite. 82, pp. 124-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.07.015
Increased erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are associated with improved attention and behavior in children with adhd in a randomized controlled three-way crossover trial
Milte, Catherine M., Parletta, Natalie, Buckley, Jonathan D., Coates, Alison M., Young, Ross M. and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2015. "Increased erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are associated with improved attention and behavior in children with adhd in a randomized controlled three-way crossover trial." Journal of Attention Disorders. 19 (11), pp. 954-964. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054713510562
Potential implications of dose and diet for the effects of eocoa flavanols on cardiometabolic function
Davison, Kade and Howe, Peter R C. 2015. "Potential implications of dose and diet for the effects of eocoa flavanols on cardiometabolic function." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 63 (45), pp. 9942-9947. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01492
Vibration therapy is no more effective than the standard practice of massage and stretching for promoting recovery from muscle damage after eccentric exercise
Fuller, Joel T., Thomson, Rebecca L., Howe, Peter R. C. and Buckley, Jonathan D.. 2015. "Vibration therapy is no more effective than the standard practice of massage and stretching for promoting recovery from muscle damage after eccentric exercise." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 25 (4), pp. 332-337. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000149
Paucity of evidence for a relationship between long-chain omega-3 fatty acid intake and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review
Fulton, Ashley S., Hill, Alison M., Williams, Marie T., Howe, Peter R. C. and Coates, Alison M.. 2015. "Paucity of evidence for a relationship between long-chain omega-3 fatty acid intake and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review." Nutrition Reviews. 73 (9), pp. 612-623. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv017
Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil causes trabecular bone loss, bone marrow cell depletion and marrow adiposity in female rats
Fan, Chiaming, Georgiou, Kristen R., McKinnon, Ross A., Keefe, Dorothy M. K., Howe, Peter R. C. and Xian, Cory J.. 2016. "Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil causes trabecular bone loss, bone marrow cell depletion and marrow adiposity in female rats." Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. 34 (3), pp. 277-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-015-0679-x
Improvement of major depression is associated with increased erythrocyte DHA
Meyer, Barbara J., Grenyer, Brin F. S., Crowe, Trevor, Owen, Alice J., Grigonis-Deane, Elizabeth M. and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2013. "Improvement of major depression is associated with increased erythrocyte DHA." Lipids. 48 (9), pp. 863-868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-013-3801-7
A randomised trial comparing low-fat diets differing in carbohydrate and protein ratio, combined with regular moderate intensity exercise, on glycaemic control, cardiometabolic risk factors, food cravings, cognitive function and psychological wellbeing in adults with type 2 diabetes: study protocol
Watson, Nerylee Ann, Dyer, Kathryn Ann, Buckley, Jonathan David, Brinkworth, Grant David, Coates, Alison Mary, Parfitt, Gaynor, Howe, Peter Ranald Charles, Noakes, Manny, Dye, Louise, Chadwick, Helen and Murphy, Karen Joy. 2015. "A randomised trial comparing low-fat diets differing in carbohydrate and protein ratio, combined with regular moderate intensity exercise, on glycaemic control, cardiometabolic risk factors, food cravings, cognitive function and psychological wellbeing in adults with type 2 diabetes: study protocol." Contemporary Clinical Trials. 45, pp. 217-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2015.11.001
Obesity: the new childhood disability?
Tsiros, M. D., Coates, A. M., Howe, P. R. C., Grimshaw, P. N. and Buckley, J. D.. 2011. "Obesity: the new childhood disability?" Obesity Reviews. 12 (1), pp. 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00706.x
Proximal correlates of metabolic phenotypes during 'at-risk' and 'case' stages of the metabolic disease continuum
Haren, M. T., Misan, G., Grant, J. F., Buckley, J. D., Howe, P. R. C., Taylor, A. W., Newbury, J. and McDermott, R. A.. 2012. "Proximal correlates of metabolic phenotypes during 'at-risk' and 'case' stages of the metabolic disease continuum." Nutrition and Diabetes. 2, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/nutd.2011.20
Erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid status, memory, cognition and mood in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls
Milte, Catherine M., Sinn, Natalie, Street, Steven J., Buckley, Jonathan D., Coates, Alison M. and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2011. "Erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid status, memory, cognition and mood in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 84 (5-6), pp. 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2011.02.002
Dairy consumption and cardiometabolic health: outcomes of a 12-month crossover trial
Crichton, Georgina E., Howe, Peter R. C., Buckley, Jonathan D., Coates, Alison M. and Murphy, Karen J.. 2012. "Dairy consumption and cardiometabolic health: outcomes of a 12-month crossover trial." Nutrition and Metabolism. 9 (19). https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-9-19
Day-to-day physical functioning and disability in obese 10- to 13-year-olds
Tsiros, M. D., Buckley, J. D., Howe, P. R. C., Olds, T., Walkley, J., Taylor, L., Mallows, R., Hills, A. P., Kagawa, M. and Coates, A. M.. 2013. "Day-to-day physical functioning and disability in obese 10- to 13-year-olds." Pediatric Obesity. 8 (1), pp. 31-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00083.x
Fish oil in comparison to folinic acid for protection against adverse effects of methotrexate chemotherapy on bone
Raghu Nadhanan, Rethi, Fan, Chia Ming, Su, Yu Wen, Howe, Peter R. C. and Xian, Cory J.. 2014. "Fish oil in comparison to folinic acid for protection against adverse effects of methotrexate chemotherapy on bone." Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 32 (4), pp. 587-596. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.22565
Interaction of erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid and physical activity predicts reduced risk of mild cognitive impairment
Street, Steven John, Parletta, Natalie, Milte, Catherine, Sullivan, Karen, Hills, Andrew P., Buckley, Jonathan and Howe, Peter. 2015. "Interaction of erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid and physical activity predicts reduced risk of mild cognitive impairment." Aging and Mental Health. 19 (10), pp. 885-891. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.971705
Adiposity is related to decrements in cardiorespiratory fitness in obese and normal-weight children
Tsiros, M. D., Coates, A. M., Howe, P. R. C., Walkley, J., Hills, A. P., Wood, R. E. and Buckley, J. D.. 2016. "Adiposity is related to decrements in cardiorespiratory fitness in obese and normal-weight children." Pediatric Obesity. 11 (2), pp. 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12037
Telomere shortening in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment may be attenuated with ω-3 fatty acid supplementation: a randomized controlled pilot study
O'Callaghan, Nathan, Parletta, Natalie, Milte, Catherine M., Benassi-Evans, Bianca, Fenech, Michael and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2014. "Telomere shortening in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment may be attenuated with ω-3 fatty acid supplementation: a randomized controlled pilot study." Nutrition. 30 (4), pp. 489-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.013
Effects of low-fat diets differing in protein and carbohydrate content on cardiometabolic risk factors during weight loss and weight maintenance in obese adults with type 2 diabetes
Watson, Nerylee, Dyer, Kathryn, Buckley, Jonathan, Brinkworth, Grant, Coates, Alison, Parfitt, Gaynor, Howe, Peter, Noakes, Manny and Murphy, Karen. 2016. "Effects of low-fat diets differing in protein and carbohydrate content on cardiometabolic risk factors during weight loss and weight maintenance in obese adults with type 2 diabetes." Nutrients. 8 (5). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8050289
Effects of resveratrol supplementation on bone growth in young rats and microarchitecture and remodeling in ageing rats
Lee, Alice M. C., Shandala, Tetyana, Nguyen, Long, Muhlhausler, Beverly S., Chen, Ke Ming, Howe, Peter R. and Xian, Cory J.. 2014. "Effects of resveratrol supplementation on bone growth in young rats and microarchitecture and remodeling in ageing rats." Nutrients. 6 (12), pp. 5871-5887. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6125871
Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, cognition, and behavior in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Milte, Catherine M., Parletta, Natalie, Buckley, Jonathan D., Coates, Alison M., Young, Ross M. and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2012. "Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, cognition, and behavior in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized controlled trial." Nutrition. 28 (6), pp. 670-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2011.12.009
Food groups and fatty acids associated with self-reported depression: An analysis from the Australian National Nutrition and Health Surveys
Meyer, Barbara J., Kolanu, Nithin, Griffiths, David A., Grounds, Ben, Howe, Peter R. C. and Kreis, Irene A.. 2013. "Food groups and fatty acids associated with self-reported depression: An analysis from the Australian National Nutrition and Health Surveys." Nutrition. 29 (7-8), pp. 1042-1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2013.02.006
Acute resveratrol supplementation improves flow-mediated dilatation in overweight/obese individuals with mildly elevated blood pressure
Wong, R. H. X., Howe, P. R. C., Buckley, J. D., Coates, A. M., Kunz, I. and Berry, N. M.. 2011. "Acute resveratrol supplementation improves flow-mediated dilatation in overweight/obese individuals with mildly elevated blood pressure." Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 21 (11), pp. 851-856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2010.03.003
Chronic effects of a wild green oat extract supplementation on cognitive performance in older adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial
Wong, Rachel H. X., Howe, Peter R. C., Bryan, Janet, Coates, Alison M., Buckley, Jonathan D. and Berry, Narelle M.. 2012. "Chronic effects of a wild green oat extract supplementation on cognitive performance in older adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial." Nutrients. 4 (5), pp. 331-342. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4050331
Effects of eating fresh lean pork on cardiometabolic health parameters
Murphy, Karen J., Thomson, Rebecca L., Coates, Alison M., Buckley, Jonathan D. and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2012. "Effects of eating fresh lean pork on cardiometabolic health parameters." Nutrients. 4 (7), pp. 711-723. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4070711
Acknowledgment of reviewers
Howe, Peter. 2012. "Acknowledgment of reviewers." Nutrients. 4 (3), pp. 151-153. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4030151
The Australian paradox
Howe, Peter. 2012. "The Australian paradox." Nutrients. 4 (4), p. 258. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4040258
Dairy foods and dairy protein consumption is inversely related to markers of adiposity in obese men and women
Murphy, Karen J., Crichton, Georgina E., Dyer, Kathryn A., Coates, Alison M., Pettman, Tahna L., Milte, Catherine, Thorp, Alicia A., Berry, Narelle M., Buckley, Jonathan D., Noakes, Manny and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2013. "Dairy foods and dairy protein consumption is inversely related to markers of adiposity in obese men and women." Nutrients. 5 (11), pp. 4665-4684. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5114665
Proceedings of the 2013 meeting of the Australasian Section of the American Oil Chemists Society (AAOCS)
Murphy, Karen and Howe, Peter. 2013. "Proceedings of the 2013 meeting of the Australasian Section of the American Oil Chemists Society (AAOCS)." Nutrients. 5 (12), pp. 5065-5096. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5125065
A comparison of regular consumption of fresh lean pork, beef and chicken on body composition: A randomized cross-over trial
Murphy, Karen J., Parker, Barbara, Dyer, Kathryn A., Davis, Courtney R., Coates, Alison M., Buckley, Jonathan D. and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2014. "A comparison of regular consumption of fresh lean pork, beef and chicken on body composition: A randomized cross-over trial." Nutrients. 6 (2), pp. 682-696. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6020682
Increases in plasma lutein through supplementation are correlated with increases in physical activity and reductions in sedentary time in older adults
Thomson, Rebecca L., Coates, Alison M., Howe, Peter R. C., Bryan, Janet, Matsumoto, Megumi and Buckley, Jonathan D.. 2014. "Increases in plasma lutein through supplementation are correlated with increases in physical activity and reductions in sedentary time in older adults." Nutrients. 6 (3), pp. 974-984. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6030974
Relationship between erythrocyte omega-3 content and obesity is gender dependent
Howe, Peter R. C., Buckley, Jonathan D., Murphy, Karen J., Pettman, Tahna, Milte, Catherine and Coates, Alison M.. 2014. "Relationship between erythrocyte omega-3 content and obesity is gender dependent." Nutrients. 6 (5), pp. 1850-1860. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6051850
Acute effects of a dietary non-starch polysaccharide supplement on cognitive performance in healthy middle-aged adults
Best, Talitha, Howe, Peter, Bryan, Janet, Buckley, Jonathan and Scholey, Andrew. 2015. "Acute effects of a dietary non-starch polysaccharide supplement on cognitive performance in healthy middle-aged adults." Nutritional Neuroscience. 18 (2), pp. 76-86. https://doi.org/10.1179/1476830513Y.0000000101
Effect of 12 weeks high oleic peanut consumption on cardio-metabolic risk factors and body composition
Barbour, Jayne A., Howe, Peter R. C., Buckley, Jonathan D., Bryan, Janet and Coates, Alison M.. 2015. "Effect of 12 weeks high oleic peanut consumption on cardio-metabolic risk factors and body composition." Nutrients. 7 (9), pp. 7381-7398. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095343
Improved heart rate recovery despite reduced exercise performance following heavy training: A within-subject analysis
Thomson, Rebecca L., Bellenger, Clint R., Howe, Peter R. C., Karavirta, Laura and Buckley, Jonathan D.. 2016. "Improved heart rate recovery despite reduced exercise performance following heavy training: A within-subject analysis." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 19 (3), pp. 255-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.02.010
Effect of acute exercise-induced fatigue on maximal rate of heart rate increase during submaximal cycling
Thomson, Rebecca L., Rogers, Daniel K., Howe, Peter R. C. and Buckley, Jonathan D.. 2016. "Effect of acute exercise-induced fatigue on maximal rate of heart rate increase during submaximal cycling." Research in Sports Medicine. 24 (1), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2015.1076414
Monitoring athletic training status using the maximal rate of heart rate increase
Bellenger, Clint R., Thomson, Rebecca L., Howe, Peter R. C., Karavirta, Laura and Buckley, Jonathan D.. 2016. "Monitoring athletic training status using the maximal rate of heart rate increase." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 19 (7), pp. 590-595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.07.006
Report on the Fifth International Conference on Natural Products for Health and Beauty (NATPRO 5) held in Thailand, 6–8th May, 2014
Voravuthikunchai, Supayang and Howe, Peter. 2014. "Report on the Fifth International Conference on Natural Products for Health and Beauty (NATPRO 5) held in Thailand, 6–8th May, 2014." Nutrients. 6 (10), pp. 4115-4164. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6104115
Assessing premorbid cognitive ability in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a review with implications for future intervention studies
Wong, Rachel Heloise Xiwen, Scholey, Andrew and Howe, Peter Ranald Charles. 2014. "Assessing premorbid cognitive ability in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a review with implications for future intervention studies." Current Diabetes Reports. 14 (11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-014-0547-4
Antihypertensive potential of combined extracts of olive leaf, green coffee bean and beetroot: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
Wong, Rachel H. X., Garg, Manohar L., Wood, Lisa G. and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2014. "Antihypertensive potential of combined extracts of olive leaf, green coffee bean and beetroot: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial." Nutrients. 6 (11), pp. 4881-4894. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6114881
Clinical evaluation of effects of chronic resveratrol supplementation on cerebrovascular function, cognition, mood, physical function and general well-being in postmenopausal women—rationale and study design
Evans, Hamish Michael, Howe, Peter Ranald Charles and Wong, Rachel Heloise Xiwen. 2016. "Clinical evaluation of effects of chronic resveratrol supplementation on cerebrovascular function, cognition, mood, physical function and general well-being in postmenopausal women—rationale and study design." Nutrients. 8 (3). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8030150
Low dose resveratrol improves cerebrovascular function in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Wong, R. H. X., Nealon, R. S., Scholey, A. and Howe, P. R. C.. 2016. "Low dose resveratrol improves cerebrovascular function in type 2 diabetes mellitus." Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 26 (5), pp. 393-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2016.03.003
Acute resveratrol consumption improves neurovascular coupling capacity in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Wong, Rachel H. X., Raederstorff, Daniel and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2016. "Acute resveratrol consumption improves neurovascular coupling capacity in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Nutrients. 8 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070425
Poor cerebrovascular function is an early marker of cognitive decline in healthy postmenopausal women
Wong, Rachel H. X., Evans, Hamish M. and Howe, Peter R. C.. 2016. "Poor cerebrovascular function is an early marker of cognitive decline in healthy postmenopausal women." Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions. 2 (3), pp. 162-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2016.07.003
Supplementation with fish oil and genistein, individually or in combination, protects bone against the adverse effects of methotrexate chemotherapy in rats
Nadhanan, Rethi Raghu, Skinner, Jayne, Chung, Rosa, Su, Yu-Wen, Howe, Peter R. and Xian, Cory J.. 2013. "Supplementation with fish oil and genistein, individually or in combination, protects bone against the adverse effects of methotrexate chemotherapy in rats." PLoS One. 8 (8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071592
The effects of pressure-threshold inspiratory load on lactate clearance after maximal exercise
Johnson, Michael, Brown, David, Bayfield, Katie, Gonzalez, Javier, Mills, Dean and Sharpe, Graham. 2011. "The effects of pressure-threshold inspiratory load on lactate clearance after maximal exercise." 21st European Respiratory Society Annual Congress. Amsterdam, Netherlands 24 - 28 Sep 2011 Switzerland.
The effects of inspiratory muscle training on breathing mechanics during fixed load cycling exercise
Mills, Dean, Sharpe, Graham, Johnson, Michael and Barnett, Yvonne. 2011. "The effects of inspiratory muscle training on breathing mechanics during fixed load cycling exercise." 21st European Respiratory Society Annual Congress. Amsterdam, Netherlands 24 - 28 Sep 2011 Switzerland.
The effects of inspiratory muscle training on the interleukin-6 response to intense volitional hyperpnoea
Mills, Dean, Johnson, Michael, McPhilimey, Martin, Williams, Neil, Gonzalez, Javier, Barnett, Yvonne and Sharpe, Graham. 2012. "The effects of inspiratory muscle training on the interleukin-6 response to intense volitional hyperpnoea." 22nd European Respiratory Society Annual Congress. Vienna, Austria 01 - 05 Sep 2012 Switzerland.
The effects of inspiratory muscle training on interleukin-6 concentration during cycling exercise and volitional hyperpnoea
Mills, Dean, Johnson, Michael, McPhilimey, Martin, Williams, Neil, Gonzalez, Javier, Barnett, Yvonne and Sharpe, Graham. 2012. "The effects of inspiratory muscle training on interleukin-6 concentration during cycling exercise and volitional hyperpnoea." 22nd European Respiratory Society Annual Congress. Vienna, Austria 01 - 05 Sep 2012 Switzerland.
Inspiratory loading intensity does not influence lactate clearance during recovery
Johnson, Michael A., Mills, Dean E., Brown, David M., Bayfield, Katie J., Gonzalez, Javier T. and Sharpe, Graham R.. 2012. "Inspiratory loading intensity does not influence lactate clearance during recovery." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 44 (5), pp. 863-871. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824079d0
Influence of oxidative stress, diaphragm fatigue and inspiratory muscle training on the plasma cytokine response to maximum sustainable voluntary ventilation
Mills, Dean E., Johnson, Michael A., McPhilimey, Martin J., Williams, Neil C., Gonzalez, Javier T., Barnett, Yvonne A. and Sharpe, Graham R.. 2014. "Influence of oxidative stress, diaphragm fatigue and inspiratory muscle training on the plasma cytokine response to maximum sustainable voluntary ventilation." Journal of Applied Physiology. 116 (8), pp. 970-979. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01271.2013
Prior upper body exercise reduces cycling work capacity but not critical power
Johnson, Michael A., Mills, Dean E., Brown, Peter I. and Sharpe, Graham R.. 2014. "Prior upper body exercise reduces cycling work capacity but not critical power." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 46 (4), pp. 802-808. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000159
The effects of inspiratory muscle training on plasma interleukin-6 concentration during cycling exercise and a volitional mimic of the exercise hyperpnea
Mills, Dean E., Johnson, Michael A., McPhilimey, Martin J., Williams, Neil C., Gonzalez, Javier T., Barnett, Yvonne A. and Sharpe, Graham R.. 2013. "The effects of inspiratory muscle training on plasma interleukin-6 concentration during cycling exercise and a volitional mimic of the exercise hyperpnea." Journal of Applied Physiology. 115 (8), pp. 1163-1172. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00272.2013
Response [to the Chiappa et al letter to the editor]
Johnson, Michael A., Mills, Dean E., Brown, Peter I. and Sharpe, Graham R.. 2013. "Response [to the Chiappa et al letter to the editor]." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 45 (1), pp. 214-215. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31826aade2
Inspiratory muscle warm-up does not improve cycling time-trial performance
Johnson, M. A., Gregson, I. R., Mills, D. E., Gonzalez, J. T. and Sharpe, G. R.. 2014. "Inspiratory muscle warm-up does not improve cycling time-trial performance." European Journal of Applied Physiology. 114 (9), pp. 1821-1830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2914-x
The effects of inspiratory muscle training in older adults
Mills, Dean E., Johnson, Michael A., Barnett, Yvonne A., Smith, William H. T. and Sharpe, Graham R.. 2015. "The effects of inspiratory muscle training in older adults." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 47 (4), pp. 691-697. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000474