Deep Learning of Explainable EEG Patterns as Dynamic Spatiotemporal Clusters and Rules in a Brain-Inspired Spiking Neural Network
Article
Article Title | Deep Learning of Explainable EEG Patterns as Dynamic Spatiotemporal Clusters and Rules in a Brain-Inspired Spiking Neural Network |
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ERA Journal ID | 34304 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Doborjeh, Maryam (Author), Doborjeh, Zohreh (Author), Kasabov, Nikola (Author), Barati, Molood (Author) and Wang, Grace Y. (Author) |
Journal Title | Sensors |
Journal Citation | 21 (14), pp. 1-21 |
Article Number | 4900 |
Number of Pages | 21 |
Year | 2021 |
Publisher | MDPI AG |
Place of Publication | Switzerland |
ISSN | 1424-8220 |
1424-8239 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144900 |
Web Address (URL) | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4900 |
Abstract | The paper proposes a new method for deep learning and knowledge discovery in a brain-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) architecture that enhances the model's explainability while learning from streaming spatiotemporal brain data (STBD) in an incremental and on-line mode of operation. This led to the extraction of spatiotemporal rules from SNN models that explain why a certain decision (output prediction) was made by the model. During the learning process, the SNN created dynamic neural clusters, captured as polygons, which evolved in time and continuously changed their size and shape. The dynamic patterns of the clusters were quantitatively analyzed to identify the important STBD features that correspond to the most activated brain regions. We studied the trend of dynamically created clusters and their spike-driven events that occur together in specific space and time. The research contributes to: (1) enhanced interpretability of SNN learning behavior through dynamic neural clustering; (2) feature selection and enhanced accuracy of classification; (3) spatiotemporal rules to support model explainability; and (4) a better understanding of the dynamics in STBD in terms of feature interaction. The clustering method was applied to a case study of Electroencephalogram (EEG) data, recorded from a healthy control group (n = 21) and opiate use (n = 18) subjects while they were performing a cognitive task. The SNN models of EEG demonstrated different trends of dynamic clusters across the groups. This suggested to select a group of marker EEG features and resulted in an improved accuracy of EEG classification to 92%, when compared with all-feature classification. During learning of EEG data, the areas of neurons in the SNN model that form adjacent clusters (corresponding to neighboring EEG channels) were detected as fuzzy boundaries that explain overlapping activity of brain regions for each group of subjects. |
Keywords | interpretable; explainable; dynamic clustering; feature selection; spiking neural networks; spatiotemporal data; EEG data |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 520499. Cognitive and computational psychology not elsewhere classified |
Byline Affiliations | Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand |
University of Auckland, New Zealand | |
Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q74z6/deep-learning-of-explainable-eeg-patterns-as-dynamic-spatiotemporal-clusters-and-rules-in-a-brain-inspired-spiking-neural-network
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