Characterization of red mud derived from a combined Bayer process and bauxite calcination method

Article


Liu, Yong, Lin, Chuxia and Wu, Yonggui. 2007. "Characterization of red mud derived from a combined Bayer process and bauxite calcination method ." Journal of Hazardous Materials. 146 (1-2), pp. 255-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.015
Article Title

Characterization of red mud derived from a combined Bayer process and bauxite calcination method

ERA Journal ID4682
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsLiu, Yong (Author), Lin, Chuxia (Author) and Wu, Yonggui (Author)
Journal TitleJournal of Hazardous Materials
Journal Citation146 (1-2), pp. 255-261
Number of Pages7
Year2007
PublisherElsevier
Place of PublicationAmsterdam, Netherlands
ISSN0304-3894
1873-3336
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.015
Abstract

Red mud can be derived from the processing of bauxite using different methods. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the combined Bayer Process and bauxite calcination red mud (BPBCRM) differs markedly from those of the pure Bayer Process red mud (PBPRM). In this study, red mud derived from a combined Bayer Process and bauxite calcination method was characterized. The results show that pH of the red mud decreased with increasing duration of storage time. Na dominated among the soluble cations, but the concentration of soluble Na decreased with increasing duration of storage time as a result of leaching. Cation exchange capacity also decreased with increasing duration of storage time, probably due to a decrease in pH causing a reduction in negatively charged sites on the red mud particles. Ca was the predominant exchangeable cation in the fresh red mud but the concentration of exchangeable Ca markedly decreased in the old red mud, which was dominated by exchangeable Na. The degree of crystallization and thermal stability of the red mud increased with increasing duration of storage. The acid neutralizing capacity of red mud obtained from this study was about 10 mol kg−1, which is much greater than the reported values for the pure Bayer Process red mud. Column filtering experiment indicates that the red mud also had a very strong capacity to remove Cu, Zn and Cd from the filtering solution. It is conservatively estimated that the simultaneous removal rates of Cd, Zn and Cu by red mud are over 22,250 mg kg−1, 22,500 mg kg−1 and 25,000 mg kg−1, respectively. The affinity of these metals to the red mud was in the following decreasing order: Cu > Zn > Cd. In general, the fresh red mud retained more heavy metals than the old red mud did.

Keywordsred mud; Bayer process; bauxite calcination; acid neutralizing capacity; calcite; caustic substance
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020401904. Mineral processing/beneficiation
410604. Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)
370509. Sedimentology
Byline AffiliationsSouth China Agricultural University, China
Australian Centre for Sustainable Catchments
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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