Development and evaluation of a prototype precision spot spray system using image analysis to target guinea grass in sugarcane

Article


Rees, S. J., McCarthy, C. L., Baillie, C. P., Burgos-Artizzu, X. P. and Dunn, M. T.. 2011. "Development and evaluation of a prototype precision spot spray system using image analysis to target guinea grass in sugarcane." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering. 8 (2), pp. 97-106.
Article Title

Development and evaluation of a prototype precision spot spray system using image analysis to target guinea grass in sugarcane

ERA Journal ID3449
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsRees, S. J. (Author), McCarthy, C. L. (Author), Baillie, C. P. (Author), Burgos-Artizzu, X. P. (Author) and Dunn, M. T. (Author)
Journal TitleAustralian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering
Journal Citation8 (2), pp. 97-106
Number of Pages10
Year2011
PublisherTaylor & Francis
Place of PublicationSydney, Australia
ISSN0812-3314
1441-6611
1448-8388
Web Address (URL)http://www.engineersmedia.com.au/journals/ajmde.html
Abstract

Herbicide usage in weed control represents a significant economic cost and environmental risk in Australian sugarcane production. Weed spot spraying has potential to increase sugarcane production whilst reducing chemical usage and environmentally damaging runoff. However, weed spot spraying is traditionally a laborious manual task. This paper reports on a precision machine vision system that was developed to automatically identify and target the difficult to control weed Panicum spp. (Guinea Grass) in sugarcane crops.

The infield machine vision system comprised a camera and artificial illumination to enable day and night trials. Image analysis algorithms were developed to discriminate Guinea Grass and sugarcane based on colour and textural differences between the species. A positive weed identification from the image analysis activated solenoid-controlled spray nozzles. Evaluations of the system in a sugarcane crop established that the image analysis algorithm parameters required frequent recalibration during the day but that the requirement for recalibration was reduced at night with constant artificial illumination. The algorithm was only effective at detecting mature Guinea Grass.

The developed technology is considered a viable alternative to manual spot spraying of mature Guinea Grass in sugarcane at night. A cost benefit analysis of the new weed control system indicated potential grower savings of $170/ha by adopting the technology.

Keywordsprecision agriculture; plant identification; precision spraying; technology
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020460304. Computer vision
400799. Control engineering, mechatronics and robotics not elsewhere classified
300409. Crop and pasture protection (incl. pests, diseases and weeds)
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Byline AffiliationsNational Centre for Engineering in Agriculture
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Baillie, C. P. and Chen, G.. 2011. "Energy, greenhouse gas emissions and irrigated agriculture." Banhazi, T., Saunders, C. and Hegarty, R. (ed.) SEAg 2011: Diverse Challenges, Innovative Solutions. Gold Coast, Australia 29 - 30 Sep 2011 Canberra, Australia.
Using video image analysis to count hens in cages and reduce egg breakage on collection belts
Cronin, G. M., Borg, S. S. and Dunn, M. T.. 2008. "Using video image analysis to count hens in cages and reduce egg breakage on collection belts." Animal Production Science. 48 (7), pp. 768-772. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07404
Strategies for maximising sugarcane yield with limited water - improving irrigation system performance and crop response
Baillie, Craig Peter. 2008. Strategies for maximising sugarcane yield with limited water - improving irrigation system performance and crop response. Saarbrucken, Germany. VDM Verlag Dr. Muller.
Automated internode length measurement of cotton plants under field conditions
McCarthy, C. L., Hancock, N. H. and Raine, S. R.. 2009. "Automated internode length measurement of cotton plants under field conditions." Transactions of the ASABE. 52 (6), pp. 2093-2103.
On-the-go machine vision sensing of cotton plant geometric parameters: first results
McCarthy, Cheryl, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven. 2008. "On-the-go machine vision sensing of cotton plant geometric parameters: first results." Billingsley, John and Bradbeer, Robin (ed.) 13th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice. (M2VIP 2006). Toowoomba, Australia 05 - 07 Dec 2006 Germany. pp. 305-312 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74027-8_26
Field testing of vision based macadamia yield monitoring
Dunn, Mark, Billingsley, John and Bell, David. 2005. "Field testing of vision based macadamia yield monitoring." Billingsley, John (ed.) 12th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP 2005). Manila, Philippines 29 Nov - 01 Dec 2005 Hertfordshire, England.
Assessing various techniques to monitor yield in sugarcane
Jensen, T. A., Fokkema, B. and Baillie, C.. 2011. "Assessing various techniques to monitor yield in sugarcane ." Banhazi, T., Saunders, C. and Hegarty, R. (ed.) SEAg 2011: Diverse Challenges, Innovative Solutions. Gold Coast, Australia 29 - 30 Sep 2011 Canberra, Australia.
Energy uses for cotton ginning in Australia
Ismail, Siti A., Chen, Guangnan, Baillie, Craig and Symes, Troy. 2011. "Energy uses for cotton ginning in Australia." Biosystems Engineering. 109 (2), pp. 140-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2011.02.010
Applied machine vision of plants: a review with implications for field deployment in automated farming operations
McCarthy, C. L., Hancock, N. H. and Raine, S. R.. 2010. "Applied machine vision of plants: a review with implications for field deployment in automated farming operations." Intelligent Service Robotics. 3 (4), pp. 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-010-0075-2
Machine vision-based weed spot spraying: a review and where next for sugarcane?
McCarthy, Cheryl, Rees, Steven and Baillie, Craig. 2010. "Machine vision-based weed spot spraying: a review and where next for sugarcane?" Bruce, R. C. (ed.) 32nd Annual Conference of the Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (ASSCT 2010). Bundaberg, Australia 11 - 14 May 2010 Australia.
Strain specific differences in parameters of energy balance are related to the onset of diet-induced obesity in young male mice
Hesse, Deike, Dunn, Mark, Billingsley, John, Withers, Kerry, Klingenspor, Martin and Rozman, Jan. 2007. "Strain specific differences in parameters of energy balance are related to the onset of diet-induced obesity in young male mice." 15th European Congress on Obesity. Budapest, Hungary 22 - 25 Apr 2007 London, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803597
Energy usage for cotton ginning in Australia
Ismail, S. A., Chen, G., Baillie, C. and Symes, T.. 2010. "Energy usage for cotton ginning in Australia." 17th World Congress of the International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR 2010): Sustainable Biosystems Through Engineering. Quebec City, Canada 13 - 17 Jun 2010 Quebec City, Canada.
Apparatus and infield evaluations of a prototype machine vision system for cotton plant internode length measurement
McCarthy, Cheryl, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2010. "Apparatus and infield evaluations of a prototype machine vision system for cotton plant internode length measurement." Journal of Cotton Science. 14 (4), pp. 221-232.
Precision agriculture technologies - relevance and application to sugarcane production
Davis, R. J., Baillie, Craig and Schmidt, Erik. 2009. "Precision agriculture technologies - relevance and application to sugarcane production." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2009: Agricultural Technologies In a Changing Climate. Brisbane, Australia 13 - 16 Sep 2009 Brisbane, Australia.
Managing direct energy use now and in the future
Baillie, Craig Peter and Pyke, Bruce. 2010. "Managing direct energy use now and in the future." 15th Australian Cotton Conference: Fashioning the Future. Broadbeach, Qld, Australia 10 - 12 Aug 2010 Narrabri, NSW, Australia.
Applied machine vision in agriculture at the NCEA
McCarthy, Cheryl and Billingsley, John. 2009. "Applied machine vision in agriculture at the NCEA." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2009: Agricultural Technologies In a Changing Climate. Brisbane, Australia 13 - 16 Sep 2009 Brisbane, Australia.
Assessment of sugarcane yield monitoring technology for precision agriculture
Jensen, T., Baillie, C., Bramley, R., Di Bella, L., Whiteing, C. and Davis, R.. 2010. "Assessment of sugarcane yield monitoring technology for precision agriculture." Bruce, R. C. (ed.) 32nd Annual Conference of the Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (ASSCT 2010). Bundaberg, Australia 11 - 14 May 2010 Brisbane, Australia.
Cattle liveweight estimation using machine vision assessment of objective body measurements: first results
McCarthy, C., Billingsley, J., Finch, N., Murray, P. and Gaughan, J.. 2010. "Cattle liveweight estimation using machine vision assessment of objective body measurements: first results." 28th Biennial Australian Society of Animal Production Conference. Armidale, Australia 11 - 15 Jul 2010 Brisbane, Australia.
Energy and greenhouse gas emissions of Australian cotton: from field to fabric
Khabbaz, Borzoo Ghareei, Chen, Guangnan and Baillie, Craig. 2010. "Energy and greenhouse gas emissions of Australian cotton: from field to fabric." 17th World Congress of the International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR 2010): Sustainable Biosystems Through Engineering. Quebec City, Canada 13 - 17 Jun 2010 Quebec, Canada.
Evaluation of energy usage for cotton ginning processes
Ismail, Siti Amni, Chen, Guangnan, Baillie, Craig and Symes, Troy. 2009. "Evaluation of energy usage for cotton ginning processes." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2009: Agricultural Technologies In a Changing Climate. Brisbane, Australia 13 - 16 Sep 2009 Brisbane, Queensland.
Agricultural applications: energy uses and audits
Chen, Guangnan and Baillie, Craig. 2009. "Agricultural applications: energy uses and audits." Capehart, Barney L. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Energy Engineering and Technology. London, United Kingdom. Taylor & Francis. pp. 1-5
Behavioural mechanisms affecting energy regulation in mice prone or resistant to diet-induced obesity
Hesse, Deike, Dunn, Mark, Heldmaier, Gerhard, Klingenspor, Martin and Rozman, Jan. 2010. "Behavioural mechanisms affecting energy regulation in mice prone or resistant to diet-induced obesity." Physiology and Behavior. 99 (3), pp. 370-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.12.001
Development of a prototype precision spot spray system using image analysis and plant identification technology
Rees, Steven, McCarthy, Cheryl, Artizzu, X. P. B., Baillie, Craig and Dunn, Mark. 2009. "Development of a prototype precision spot spray system using image analysis and plant identification technology." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2009: Agricultural Technologies In a Changing Climate. Brisbane, Australia 13 - 16 Sep 2009 Brisbane, Australia.
A methodology for on farm energy assessment
Baillie, Craig Peter and Chen, Guangnan. 2009. "A methodology for on farm energy assessment." 2009 RIRDC Life Cycle Assessment Workshop. Canberra, Australia 13 May 2009 Barton, A.C.T..
Evaluating on-farm energy performance in agriculture
Chen, Guangnan, Baillie, Craig Peter and Kupke, Paul. 2009. "Evaluating on-farm energy performance in agriculture." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering. 7 (1), pp. 55-62.
Automated macadamia nut orchard yield monitoring
Dunn, Mark and Billingsley, John. 2005. "Automated macadamia nut orchard yield monitoring." Billingsley, John (ed.) 12th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP 2005). Manila, Philippines 29 Nov - 01 Dec 2005 Hertfordshire, England.
A preliminary field evaluation of an automated vision-based plant geometry measurement system
McCarthy, Cheryl, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2007. "A preliminary field evaluation of an automated vision-based plant geometry measurement system." Prusinkiewicz, Przemyslaw, Hanan, Jim S. and Lane, Brendan (ed.) 5th International Workshop on Functional Structural Plant Models (FSPM07). Napier, New Zealand 04 - 09 Nov 2007
A web-based system for scheduling irrigation in sugarcane
Inman-Bamber, N. G., Attard, S. J., Verrall, S. A., Webb, W. A. and Baillie, C.. 2007. "A web-based system for scheduling irrigation in sugarcane." 2007 International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists Congress. Durban, South Africa Mauritius.
Understanding irrigation decisions: from enterprise planning to the paddock
Montagu, Kelvin, Thomas, Ben, Thomas, Geoff, Christen, Evan, Hornbuckle, John, Baillie, Craig, Linehan, Chris, Smith, Peter, Gallo, Fabian, North, Sam, Meyer, Wayne, Stirzaker, Richard and Cornish, Peter. 2006. Understanding irrigation decisions: from enterprise planning to the paddock. Canberra, Australia. Land and Water Australia.
Forecasting water allocations for Bundaberg sugarcane farmers
Everingham, Yvette, Baillie, Craig, Inman-Bamber, Geoff and Baillie, Justine. 2008. "Forecasting water allocations for Bundaberg sugarcane farmers." Climate Research. 36 (3), pp. 231-239. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00743
Automated machine vision sensing of plant structural parameters
McCarthy, C. L., Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2007. "Automated machine vision sensing of plant structural parameters." Biological Sensorics 2007: Critical Technologies for Future Biosystems. Minneapolis, Australia 15 - 17 Jun 2007 St. Joseph, MI, United States.
Reducing energy input costs and associated greenhouse gas emissions in cotton
Baillie, Craig Peter and Chen, Guangnan. 2008. "Reducing energy input costs and associated greenhouse gas emissions in cotton." 14th Australian Cotton Conference: New Beginnings – Cotton in a Climate of Change. Gold Coast, Australia 12 - 14 Aug 2008 Narrabri, NSW, Australia.
Development of a framework and tool to assess on-farm energy uses of cotton production
Chen, Guangnan and Baillie, Craig. 2009. "Development of a framework and tool to assess on-farm energy uses of cotton production." Energy Conversion and Management. 50 (5), pp. 1256-1263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.01.022
Robotics in agriculture and forestry
Billingsley, John, Visala, Arto and Dunn, Mark. 2008. "Robotics in agriculture and forestry." Siciliano, Bruno and Khatib, Oussama (ed.) Springer handbook of robotics. Berlin, Germany. Springer. pp. 1065-1077
The use of machine vision for assessment of fodder quality
Dunn, Mark T. and Billingsley, John. 2007. "The use of machine vision for assessment of fodder quality." Bradbeer, Robin and Ku, Kenneth (ed.) 14th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision In Practice (M2VIP 2007). Xiamen, China 03 - 05 Dec 2007 Hong Kong. https://doi.org/10.1109/MMVIP.2007.4430739
Evaporation, seepage and water quality management in storage dams: a review of research methods
Craig, Ian, Aravinthan, Vasantha, Baillie, Craig Peter, Beswick, Alan, Barnes, Geoff, Bradbury, Ron, Connell, Luke, Cooper, Paul, Fellows, Christopher, Fitzmaurice, Li, Foley, Joseph P., Hancock, Nigel, Lamb, David, Morrison, Pippa, Mossad, Ruth, Misra, R. K., Pittaway, Pam, Prime, Emma, Rees, Steve, ..., Turnbull, David. 2007. "Evaporation, seepage and water quality management in storage dams: a review of research methods." Environmental Health. 7 (3), pp. 84-97.
Vision based macadamia yield assessment
Billingsley, John, Dunn, Mark and Bell, David. 2006. "Vision based macadamia yield assessment." Sensor Review. 26 (4), pp. 312-317. https://doi.org/10.1108/02602280610692024
Using machine vision classification to control access of animals to water
Finch, N. A., Murray, P. J., Dunn, M. T. and Billingsley, J.. 2006. "Using machine vision classification to control access of animals to water." Animal Production Science. 46 (6-7), pp. 837-839. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA05325
Control of watering point access using machine vision classification of animals
Finch, Neal A., Murray, Peter J., Dunn, Mark T. and Billingsley, John. 2006. "Control of watering point access using machine vision classification of animals." Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife Society. 42, pp. 16-19.
Machine vision system for counting macadamia nuts
Dunn, Mark and Billingsley, John. 2003. "Machine vision system for counting macadamia nuts." Roberts, Jonathan and Wyeth, Gordon (ed.) 2003 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA 2003). Brisbane, Australia 01 - 03 Dec 2003 Brisbane, Australia.
On-the-go machine vision sensing of cotton plant geometric parameters: first results
McCarthy, Cheryl, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2006. "On-the-go machine vision sensing of cotton plant geometric parameters: first results." Billingsley, John (ed.) 13th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice. (M2VIP 2006). Toowoomba, Australia 05 - 07 Dec 2006 Berlin, Heidelberg.
A preliminary evaluation of machine vision sensing of cotton nodes for automated irrigation control
McCarthy, Cheryl, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2006. "A preliminary evaluation of machine vision sensing of cotton nodes for automated irrigation control." Irrigation Australia 2006: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition. Brisbane, Australia 09 - 11 May 2006 Brisbane.
Strategies for maximising sugarcane yield with limited water in the Bundaberg district
Baillie, Craig Peter. 2004. Strategies for maximising sugarcane yield with limited water in the Bundaberg district. Masters Thesis Master of Engineering. University of Southern Queensland.
Application of machine vision technology to identification of oestrous in the Julia Creek dunnart (Sminthopsis douglasi)
Bjursell, A., Dunn, M., Withers, K., Senior, G., Lundie-Jenkins, G. and Billingsley, J.. 2005. "Application of machine vision technology to identification of oestrous in the Julia Creek dunnart (Sminthopsis douglasi)." Cree, Alison (ed.) 22nd Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry (ANZSCPB 2005). Dunedin, New Zealand 09 - 11 Dec 2005 New Zealand.
Machine vision classification of animals
Dunn, Mark, Billingsley, John and Finch, Neal. 2003. "Machine vision classification of animals." Billingsley, John (ed.) 10th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (MViP 2003). Perth, Australia 09 - 11 Dec 2003 Research Studies Press.
Strategies for maximizing sugarcane yield with limited water in the Bundaberg district
Baillie, Craig Peter and Raine, Steven R.. 2005. "Strategies for maximizing sugarcane yield with limited water in the Bundaberg district." Annual Australian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (ANCID) Conference. Mildura, Australia 23 - 26 Oct 2005 Mildura, Australia.
Unusual vision - machine vision applications at the NCEA
Billingsley, John and Dunn, Mark. 2005. "Unusual vision - machine vision applications at the NCEA." Sensor Review. 25 (3), pp. 202-208. https://doi.org/10.1108/02602280510606480