Automated machine vision sensing of plant structural parameters

Paper

McCarthy, C. L., Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2007. "Automated machine vision sensing of plant structural parameters." Biological Sensorics 2007: Critical Technologies for Future Biosystems. Minneapolis, Australia 15 - 17 Jun 2007 St. Joseph, MI, United States.

Paper/Presentation Title	Automated machine vision sensing of plant structural parameters
Presentation Type	Paper
Authors	McCarthy, C. L. (Author), Hancock, Nigel (Author) and Raine, Steven R. (Author)
Journal or Proceedings Title	Proceedings of Biological Sensorics 2007: Critical Technologies for Future Biosystems
Number of Pages	8
Year	2007
Place of Publication	St. Joseph, MI, United States
Web Address (URL) of Paper	http://www.asabe.org/meetings/07Sensors/index.htm
Conference/Event	Biological Sensorics 2007: Critical Technologies for Future Biosystems
Event Details	Biological Sensorics 2007: Critical Technologies for Future Biosystems Event Date 15 to end of 17 Jun 2007 Event Location Minneapolis, Australia
Abstract	[Abstract]: Automated sensing of crop water stress is required to provide real-time variable-rate irrigation control that responds to spatial and temporal variability of plant water needs. Plant structural parameters such as internode length in cotton (i.e. the distance between successive main stem branches) are recognised as significant indicators of water stress level. This paper demonstrates the successful automatic identification of nodes and measurement of internode lengths. A moving in-field camera enclosure involving plant contact was trialed in the (Australian) 2005/06 cotton growing season. The enclosure continuously traversed the crop canopy, collecting video footage of the cotton plants. The enclosure design utilises the natural flexibility of the growing crop to force (non-destructively) the plant’s main stem onto a fixed object plane which enables the direct measurement of geometric dimensions without the need for stereo vision. Plant features are discriminated via processing of successive images to identify the main stem and branches, and hence stem-branch junctions (‘nodes’) are located. After confirmation that the plant structure is in the required object plane (by comparison of adjacent frames), the measurements of internode lengths are calculated. From fourteen sequences of images, with typically fifty images per sequence, main stem identification has been achieved in up to 88% of frames, and internode lengths have been measured with standard errors of 6% via automatic image processing and 3% via manual identification of nodes. It is also demonstrated by analysis of the computational requirements that the necessary image processing can be undertaken in real-time. It is therefore concluded that on-the-go measurement of plant structural parameters is feasible and may be implemented at relatively low cost.
Keywords	algorithms; foliage; geometry; image processing; real-time system
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020	300201. Agricultural hydrology
	409901. Agricultural engineering
	310899. Plant biology not elsewhere classified
Public Notes	File reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher/author.
Byline Affiliations	Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures

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Raine, Steven R. and McCarthy, Alison C.. 2014. "Advances in intelligent and autonomous systems to improve irrigation and fertiliser efficiency." Currie, L. D. and Christensen, C. L. (ed.) Nutrient management for the farm, catchment and community. Palmerston North, New Zealand 18 - 20 Feb 2014 Palmerston North, New Zealand.

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Shalal, Nagham, Low, Tobias, McCarthy, Cheryl and Hancock, Nigel. 2013. "A preliminary evaluation of vision and laser sensing for tree trunk detection and orchard mapping." Katupitiya, Jayantha, Guivant, Jose and Eaton, Ray (ed.) Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA 2013). Sydney, Australia 02 - 04 Dec 2013 Australia.

Automatic plant branch segmentation and classification using vesselness measure

Mohammed Amean, Z., Low, T., McCarthy, C. and Hancock, N.. 2013. "Automatic plant branch segmentation and classification using vesselness measure." Katupitiya, Jayantha, Guivant, Jose and Eaton, Ray (ed.) Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA 2013). Sydney, Australia 02 - 04 Dec 2013 Australia.

Modification of the McNeal clay swelling model improves prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivity as a function of applied water quality

Ezlit, Y. D., Bennett, J. McL., Raine, S. R. and Smith, R. J.. 2013. "Modification of the McNeal clay swelling model improves prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivity as a function of applied water quality." Soil Science Society of America Journal. 77 (6), pp. 2149-2156. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.03.0097

VARIwise simulation of variable-rate irrigation of cotton via adaptive control: first results

McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven. 2010. "VARIwise simulation of variable-rate irrigation of cotton via adaptive control: first results." 15th Australian Cotton Conference 2010: Fashioning the Future. Gold Coast, Australia 10 - 12 Aug 2010 Gold Coast, Australia.

Development of a sensing system for automated cotton fruit load and vegetation estimation

McCarthy, Alison and Hancock, Nigel. 2013. "Development of a sensing system for automated cotton fruit load and vegetation estimation." Whitehouse, Mary (ed.) Inaugural Australian Cotton Research Conference 2013: Stimulating Science in Cotton. Narrabri, Australia 08 - 11 Sep 2013

Annual report 2008: South-East Queensland Irrigation Futures: research and development support

Raine, S. R. and McHugh, A. D.. 2009. Annual report 2008: South-East Queensland Irrigation Futures: research and development support. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

A review of salinity and sodicity in irrigation

Ezlit, Younes D., Smith, Rod J. and Raine, Steven R.. 2010. A review of salinity and sodicity in irrigation. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

A grower guide to plant based sensing for irrigation scheduling

White, S. C. and Raine, S. R.. 2008. A grower guide to plant based sensing for irrigation scheduling. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

Evaporation and sapflow dynamics during sprinkler irrigation of cotton

Uddin, J., Smith, R. J., Hancock, N. H. and Foley, J. P.. 2013. "Evaporation and sapflow dynamics during sprinkler irrigation of cotton." Agricultural Water Management. 125, pp. 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.04.001

Commercialisation of precision agriculture technologies in the macadamia industry

Rees, Steven, Dunn, Mark, Werkman, Peter and McCarthy, Cheryl. 2009. Commercialisation of precision agriculture technologies in the macadamia industry. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

A review of the potential issues associated with using coal seam gas associated water for dust suppression

Bennett, J. McL. and Raine, S. R.. 2012. A review of the potential issues associated with using coal seam gas associated water for dust suppression. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

Real-time adaptive control of furrow irrigation: preliminary results of cotton field trial

McCarthy, Alison, Smith, Rod and Hancock, Nigel. 2012. "Real-time adaptive control of furrow irrigation: preliminary results of cotton field trial." Irrigation Australia Conference (IAL 2012). Adelaide, Australia 24 - 29 Jun 2012 Sydney, Australia.

Real-time model predictive control of surface irrigation for cotton: setup of field trial

McCarthy, Alison, Smith, Rod and Hancock, Nigel. 2012. "Real-time model predictive control of surface irrigation for cotton: setup of field trial." 16th Australian Cotton Conference (ACC 2012): Growing Better all the Time. Gold Coast, Australia 14 - 16 Aug 2012 Gold Coast, Australia.

Preliminary evaluation of shape and colour image sensing for automated weed identification in sugarcane

McCarthy, Cheryl, Rees, Steven and Baillie, Craig. 2012. "Preliminary evaluation of shape and colour image sensing for automated weed identification in sugarcane." Bruce, R. C. (ed.) 34th Annual Conference of the Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (ASSCT 2012). Palm Cove, Australia 01 - 04 May 2012 Australia.

Using treated CSG water for irrigation in the Surat Basin: opportunity or threat?

Raine, Steven. 2012. "Using treated CSG water for irrigation in the Surat Basin: opportunity or threat?" Queensland Mining and Energy Bulletin. Autumn, pp. 36-39.

Review of precision irrigation technologies and their application

Smith, R. J., Baillie, J. N., McCarthy, A. C., Raine, S. R. and Baillie, C. P.. 2010. Review of precision irrigation technologies and their application. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

Threshold electrolyte concentration relationships for soils from Macarthur River

Bennett, J. McL., Raine, S. R. and Eberhard, F.. 2012. Threshold electrolyte concentration relationships for soils from Macarthur River. Towoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

Threshold electrolyte concentration relationships for soils from Roma fields Roleen property

Bennett, J. McL., Raine, S. R. and Eberhard, F.. 2012. Threshold electrolyte concentration relationships for soils from Roma fields Roleen property. Towoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

The impact of rain water on soil pore networks following irrigation with saline-sodic water

Awedat, A. M., Bennett, J. McL., Raine, S. R. and Misra, R. K.. 2012. "The impact of rain water on soil pore networks following irrigation with saline-sodic water." Birkett, Lucy and Sparrow, Leigh (ed.) 5th Joint Australian and New Zealand Soil Science Conference (SSA 2012): Soil Solutions for Diverse Landscapes. Hobart, Australia 02 - 07 Dec 2012 Melbourne, Australia.

Influence of porosity and permeate suspended clay concentration on clay entrainment within a red ferrosol

Awedat, A. M., Raine, S. R., Bennett, J. McL. and Misra, R. K.. 2012. "Influence of porosity and permeate suspended clay concentration on clay entrainment within a red ferrosol." Birkitt, Lucy and Sparrow, Leigh (ed.) 5th Joint Australian and New Zealand Soil Science Conference (SSA 2012): Soil Solutions for Diverse Landscapes. Hobart, Australia 02 - 07 Dec 2012 Melbourne, Australia.

Measurement of evapotranspiration during sprinkler irrigation using a precision energy budget (Bowen ratio, eddy covariance) methodology

Uddin, J., Hancock, N. H., Smith, R. J. and Foley, J. P.. 2013. "Measurement of evapotranspiration during sprinkler irrigation using a precision energy budget (Bowen ratio, eddy covariance) methodology." Agricultural Water Management. 116, pp. 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.10.008

The soil specific nature of threshold electrolyte concentration analysis

Bennett, J. McL. and Raine, S. R.. 2012. "The soil specific nature of threshold electrolyte concentration analysis." Birkett, L. L. and Sparrow, L. A. (ed.) 5th Joint Australian and New Zealand Soil Science Conference (SSA 2012): Soil Solutions for Diverse Landscapes. Hobart, Australia 02 - 07 Dec 2012 Hobart, Australia.

New approach to estimate the additional water requirements in sprinkler irrigation: a predictive model

Uddin, Jasim, Smith, Rod, Hancock, Nigel and Foley, Joseph. 2012. "New approach to estimate the additional water requirements in sprinkler irrigation: a predictive model." Currey, Anne (ed.) ICID & Irrigation Australia 2012 Conference and Trade Show. Adelaide, Australia 24 - 29 Jun 2012 Sydney, Australia.

A novel technique to measure the total evaporation and its components during sprinkler irrigation

Uddin, Jasim, Smith, Rod, Hancock, Nigel and Foley, Joseph. 2012. "A novel technique to measure the total evaporation and its components during sprinkler irrigation ." Currey, Anne (ed.) ICID & Irrigation Australia 2012 Conference and Trade Show. Adelaide, Australia 24 - 29 Jun 2012 Sydney, Australia.

Advanced process control of irrigation: the current state and an analysis to aid future development

McCarthy, Alison C., Hancock, Nigel H. and Raine, Steven R.. 2013. "Advanced process control of irrigation: the current state and an analysis to aid future development." Irrigation Science. 31 (3), pp. 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-011-0313-1

The impact of artificial monolayers on water quality: data from tank and field trials

Pittaway, P., Martinez-Alvarez, V., Gallego-Elvira, B. and Hancock, N.. 2012. "The impact of artificial monolayers on water quality: data from tank and field trials." Begbie, D. K., Kenway, S. J., Biermann, S. M. and Wakem, S. L. (ed.) 4th Urban Water Security Research Alliance Science Forum and Stakeholder Engagement. Brisbane, Australia 19 - 20 Jun 2012 Brisbane, Australia.

Impact of renovating permanent raised beds on water use productivity under vertisol

Akbar, Ghani, Raine, Steven, McHugh, Allen and Hamilton, Greg. 2012. "Impact of renovating permanent raised beds on water use productivity under vertisol." Currey, Anne (ed.) ICID & Irrigation Australia 2012 Conference and Trade Show. Adelaide, Australia 24 - 29 Jun 2012 Sydney, Australia.

A soil management technique to enhance lateral infiltration (subbing) in permanent raised beds

Akbar, Ghani, Raine, Steven, McHugh, Allen and Hamilton, Greg. 2012. "A soil management technique to enhance lateral infiltration (subbing) in permanent raised beds." Currey, Anne (ed.) ICID & Irrigation Australia 2012 Conference and Trade Show. Adelaide, Australia 24 - 29 Jun 2012 Sydney, Australia.

Optimising the design, installation and operation of a monolayer application system on a farm dam via a 'Universal Design Framework'

Brink, Gavin, Wandel, Andrew, Pittaway, Pam, Hancock, Nigel and Schmidt, Erik. 2011. "Optimising the design, installation and operation of a monolayer application system on a farm dam via a 'Universal Design Framework'." Thompson, Chris (ed.) Irrigation 2011: New Horizons, Fresh Ideas Regional Conference and Exhibition. Launceston, Australia 22 - 25 Aug 2011 Sydney, Australia.

Evaluating whole field irrigation performance using statistical inference of inter-furrow infiltration variation

Gillies, M. H., Smith, R. J. and Raine, S. R.. 2011. "Evaluating whole field irrigation performance using statistical inference of inter-furrow infiltration variation." Biosystems Engineering. 110 (2), pp. 134-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2011.07.008

Development and evaluation of a prototype precision spot spray system using image analysis to target guinea grass in sugarcane

Rees, S. J., McCarthy, C. L., Baillie, C. P., Burgos-Artizzu, X. P. and Dunn, M. T.. 2011. "Development and evaluation of a prototype precision spot spray system using image analysis to target guinea grass in sugarcane." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering. 8 (2), pp. 97-106.

A preliminary evaluation of in-season variations in sprinkler irrigation application patterns

Hussain, Amjed and Raine, Steven R.. 2011. "A preliminary evaluation of in-season variations in sprinkler irrigation application patterns." Thompson, Chris (ed.) Irrigation 2011: New Horizons, Fresh Ideas Regional Conference and Exhibition. Launceston, Australia 22 - 25 Aug 2011 Sydney, Australia.

Relating flock activity levels to odour variations in tunnel ventilated broiler sheds - preliminary results

Atzeni, Michael, Sohn, Jae-Ho, Hancock, Nigel and Banhazi, Thomas. 2011. "Relating flock activity levels to odour variations in tunnel ventilated broiler sheds - preliminary results." Banhazi, T., Saunders, C. and Hegarty, R. (ed.) SEAg 2011: Diverse Challenges, Innovative Solutions. Gold Coast, Australia 29 - 30 Sep 2011 Canberra, Australia.

Development of a smart monolayer application system for reducing evaporation from farm dams: introductory paper

Brink, G. N., Symes, T. W. and Hancock, N. H.. 2011. "Development of a smart monolayer application system for reducing evaporation from farm dams: introductory paper." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering. 8 (2), pp. 121-130.

Assessment of the performance of evaporation suppressant films: analysis and limitations of simple trialling methods

Hancock, N. H., Pittaway, P. A. and Symes, T. W.. 2011. "Assessment of the performance of evaporation suppressant films: analysis and limitations of simple trialling methods." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering. 8 (2), pp. 157-168.

The economics of sprinkler irrigation uniformity for lettuce production with in-season rainfall

Hussain, A., Raine, S. R. and Smith, R. J.. 2009. "The economics of sprinkler irrigation uniformity for lettuce production with in-season rainfall." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2009: Agricultural Technologies In a Changing Climate. Brisbane, Australia 13 - 16 Sep 2009 Brisbane, Queensland.

An improved solution for the infiltration advance problem in irrigation hydraulics

Cook, F. J., Knight, J. H., Doble, R. C. and Raine, S. R.. 2013. "An improved solution for the infiltration advance problem in irrigation hydraulics." Irrigation Science. 31 (5), pp. 1113-1123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-012-0392-7

Modified threshold electrolyte concentration analysis for soils from Greenacres

Bennett, J. McL. and Raine, S. R.. 2011. Modified threshold electrolyte concentration analysis for soils from Greenacres . Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

Environmental effects of applying coal seam gas associated water to unsealed roads for dust suppression: final report

Bennett, J. McL. and Raine, S. R.. 2011. Environmental effects of applying coal seam gas associated water to unsealed roads for dust suppression: final report. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

Effect of applying feedlot effluent pond water on the permeability of soils: final report

Bennett, J. McL., Dalby, T. and Raine, S. R.. 2011. Effect of applying feedlot effluent pond water on the permeability of soils: final report. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

Evaluation of sap flow sensors to measure the transpiration rate of plants during sprinkler irrigation

Uddin, J., Smith, R. J., Hancock, N. H. and Foley, J.. 2011. "Evaluation of sap flow sensors to measure the transpiration rate of plants during sprinkler irrigation." Banhazi, T., Saunders, C. and Hegarty, R. (ed.) SEAg 2011: Diverse Challenges, Innovative Solutions. Gold Coast, Australia 29 - 30 Sep 2011 Canberra, Australia.

Eddy covariance measurements of the total evaporation during sprinkler irrigation - preliminary results

Uddin, J., Smith, R. J., Hancock, N. H. and Foley, J.. 2011. "Eddy covariance measurements of the total evaporation during sprinkler irrigation - preliminary results." Banhazi, T., Saunders, C. and Hegarty, R. (ed.) SEAg 2011: Diverse Challenges, Innovative Solutions. Gold Coast, Australia 29 - 30 Sep 2011 Canberra, Australia.

Threshold electrolyte concentration relationships for soils from property A and B

Bennett, J., Raine, S. and Eberhard, F.. 2011. Threshold electrolyte concentration relationships for soils from property A and B. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

Threshold electrolyte concentration relationships for soils from Roleen, Tantatton, Pine Ridge, Ben Bow and Oakleigh

Bennett, J., Raine, S. and Eberhard, F.. 2011. Threshold electrolyte concentration relationships for soils from Roleen, Tantatton, Pine Ridge, Ben Bow and Oakleigh. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

Threshold electrolyte concentration relationships for soils from the Fairview IR5, IR7 and IR8 irrigation areas

Raine, S. R. and Bennett, J.. 2011. Threshold electrolyte concentration relationships for soils from the Fairview IR5, IR7 and IR8 irrigation areas. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

Effect of applying feedlot effluent pond water on the permeability of soils: interim report

Bennett, J., Dalby, T. and Raine, S.. 2011. Effect of applying feedlot effluent pond water on the permeability of soils: interim report. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

Real-time data requirements for model-based adaptive control of irrigation scheduling in cotton

McCarthy, A. C., Hancock, N. H. and Raine, S. R.. 2011. "Real-time data requirements for model-based adaptive control of irrigation scheduling in cotton." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering. 8 (2), pp. 189-206.

HCL. Trade Mark No.1044991 (as a series in Class 9, Scientific Apparatus, Measuring Apparatus) registered from 07 March 2005 (for ten years)

Hancock, Nigel and Maxwell, Andrew. 2005. HCL. Trade Mark No.1044991 (as a series in Class 9, Scientific Apparatus, Measuring Apparatus) registered from 07 March 2005 (for ten years). 1044991

HCL [Trademark]

Hancock, Nigel and Maxwell, Andrew. 2006. HCL [Trademark].

Method and apparatus for measuring electrical conductivity

Hancock, Nigel Harold, Maxwell, Andrew Douglas and Ah Fock, Antonio Louis. 2005. Method and apparatus for measuring electrical conductivity. 2005205611

An examination of the end-over-end shaking technique for measuring soil dispersion

So, H. B., Cook, G. D. and Raine, S. R.. 1997. "An examination of the end-over-end shaking technique for measuring soil dispersion." Australian Journal of Soil Research. 35 (1), pp. 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1071/S96062

Revisiting artificial monolayers as a strategy to reduce evaporative loss from large open water storages

Pittaway, P., Hancock, N., Brink, G., Symes, T. and Schmidt, E.. 2009. "Revisiting artificial monolayers as a strategy to reduce evaporative loss from large open water storages ." Kenway, S. J. and Begbie, D. K. (ed.) 1st Urban Water Security Research Alliance Science Forum (UWSRA 2009). Brisbane, Australia 17 - 18 Aug 2009 Brisbane, Australia.

Method and apparatus for measuring electrical conductivity

Hancock, Nigel H., Maxwell, Andrew D. and Ahfock, Tony L.. 2008. Method and apparatus for measuring electrical conductivity. AG01N2702FI

Automated internode length measurement of cotton plants under field conditions

McCarthy, C. L., Hancock, N. H. and Raine, S. R.. 2009. "Automated internode length measurement of cotton plants under field conditions." Transactions of the ASABE. 52 (6), pp. 2093-2103.

On-the-go machine vision sensing of cotton plant geometric parameters: first results

McCarthy, Cheryl, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven. 2008. "On-the-go machine vision sensing of cotton plant geometric parameters: first results." Billingsley, John and Bradbeer, Robin (ed.) 13th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice. (M2VIP 2006). Toowoomba, Australia 05 - 07 Dec 2006 Germany. pp. 305-312 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74027-8_26

Estimating the furrow infiltration characteristic from a single advance point

Langat, P. K., Smith, R. J. and Raine, S. R.. 2008. "Estimating the furrow infiltration characteristic from a single advance point." Irrigation Science. 26 (5), pp. 367-374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-008-0102-7

Accounting for temporal inflow variation in the inverse solution for infiltration in surface irrigation

Gillies, Malcolm H., Smith, R. J. and Raine, Steven R.. 2007. "Accounting for temporal inflow variation in the inverse solution for infiltration in surface irrigation ." Irrigation Science. 25 (2), pp. 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-006-0037-9

Selecting sites suitable for animal waste application using a raster GIS

Basnet, Badri Bahadur, Apan, Armando and Raine, Steven R.. 2001. "Selecting sites suitable for animal waste application using a raster GIS." Environmental Management (New York): an international journal for decision-makers, scientists and environmental auditors. 28 (4), pp. 519-531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002670010241

The effect of polyacrylamide additions on the infiltration and erosion of disturbed lands

Vacher, Cameron A., Loch, Rob and Raine, Steven R.. 2003. "The effect of polyacrylamide additions on the infiltration and erosion of disturbed lands." Australian Journal of Soil Research. 41 (8), pp. 1509-1520. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR02114

Mapping and analysis of changes in the riparian landscape structure of the Lockyer Valley Catchment, Queensland, Australia

Apan, Armando, Raine, Steven R. and Paterson, Mark. 2002. "Mapping and analysis of changes in the riparian landscape structure of the Lockyer Valley Catchment, Queensland, Australia." Landscape and Urban Planning. 59 (1), pp. 43-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(01)00246-8

Spatial prioritisation of revegetation sites for dryland salinity management: an analytical framework using GIS

Apan, Armando, Raine, Steven R., Le Brocque, Andrew F. and Cockfield, Geoff. 2004. "Spatial prioritisation of revegetation sites for dryland salinity management: an analytical framework using GIS." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 47 (6), pp. 811-825. https://doi.org/10.1080/0964056042000284848

Soil-water and salt movement associated with precision irrigation systems - research investment opportunities

Raine, S. R., Meyer, W. S., Rassam, D. W., Hutson, J. L. and Cook, F. J.. 2005. Soil-water and salt movement associated with precision irrigation systems - research investment opportunities. Canberra, Australia. Land and Water Australia.

The future of irrigation technologies and practices is here now.

Raine, Steven R.. 2006. "The future of irrigation technologies and practices is here now. " Irrigation Australia 2006: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition. Brisbane, Australia 09 - 11 May 2006 Hornsby, NSW, Australia.

Effect of water quality on soil structure and infiltration under furrow irrigation

Emdad, Mohammad R., Raine, Steven R., Smith, Rod J. and Fardad, Hossein. 2004. "Effect of water quality on soil structure and infiltration under furrow irrigation." Irrigation Science. 23 (2), pp. 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-004-0093-y

Irrigation application efficiency and deep drainage potential under surface irrigated cotton

Smith, R. J., Raine, Steven R. and Minkevich, John. 2005. "Irrigation application efficiency and deep drainage potential under surface irrigated cotton." Agricultural Water Management. 71 (2), pp. 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.07.008

Evaluation of a hydrographic technique to measure on-farm water storage volumes

Gibbings, Peter and Raine, Steven R.. 2005. "Evaluation of a hydrographic technique to measure on-farm water storage volumes." Agricultural Water Management. 78 (3), pp. 209-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.02.010

Applied machine vision of plants: a review with implications for field deployment in automated farming operations

McCarthy, C. L., Hancock, N. H. and Raine, S. R.. 2010. "Applied machine vision of plants: a review with implications for field deployment in automated farming operations." Intelligent Service Robotics. 3 (4), pp. 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-010-0075-2

Machine vision-based weed spot spraying: a review and where next for sugarcane?

McCarthy, Cheryl, Rees, Steven and Baillie, Craig. 2010. "Machine vision-based weed spot spraying: a review and where next for sugarcane?" Bruce, R. C. (ed.) 32nd Annual Conference of the Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (ASSCT 2010). Bundaberg, Australia 11 - 14 May 2010 Australia.

Effect of irrigation management on nitrate movement under a drip irrigated lettuce crop

Althaus, Kimberley, McKeering, Loretta M., McHugh, Allen and Raine, Steven R.. 2009. "Effect of irrigation management on nitrate movement under a drip irrigated lettuce crop ." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2009: Agricultural Technologies In a Changing Climate. Brisbane, Australia 13 - 16 Sep 2009 Brisbane, Australia.

Physiological response of cotton to a root zone soil moisture gradient: implications for partial root zone drying irrigation

White, Simon C. and Raine, Steven R.. 2009. "Physiological response of cotton to a root zone soil moisture gradient: implications for partial root zone drying irrigation." Journal of Cotton Science. 13 (2), pp. 67-74.

VARIwise: a general-purpose adaptive control simulation framework for spatially and temporally varied irrigation at sub-field scale

McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2010. "VARIwise: a general-purpose adaptive control simulation framework for spatially and temporally varied irrigation at sub-field scale." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 70 (1), pp. 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2009.09.011

Apparatus and infield evaluations of a prototype machine vision system for cotton plant internode length measurement

McCarthy, Cheryl, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2010. "Apparatus and infield evaluations of a prototype machine vision system for cotton plant internode length measurement." Journal of Cotton Science. 14 (4), pp. 221-232.

Droplet evaporation losses during sprinkler irrigation: an overview

Uddin, Jasim, Smith, Rod, Hancock, Nigel and Foley, Joseph P.. 2010. "Droplet evaporation losses during sprinkler irrigation: an overview." Montagu, Kelvin (ed.) Australian Irrigation Conference and Exibition 2010: One Water Many Futures. Sydney, Australia 08 - 10 Jun 2010 Sydney, Australia.

Applied machine vision in agriculture at the NCEA

McCarthy, Cheryl and Billingsley, John. 2009. "Applied machine vision in agriculture at the NCEA." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2009: Agricultural Technologies In a Changing Climate. Brisbane, Australia 13 - 16 Sep 2009 Brisbane, Australia.

Reliable, modest-cost seepage and evaporation measurement for farm dams using 'EvapCalc'

Symes, Troy, Hancock, Nigel and Schmidt, Erik. 2010. "Reliable, modest-cost seepage and evaporation measurement for farm dams using 'EvapCalc'." Montagu, Kelvin (ed.) Australian Irrigation Conference and Exibition 2010: One Water Many Futures. Sydney, Australia 08 - 10 Jun 2010 Sydney,Australia.

Simulation of adaptive site-specific irrigation control performance with spatially variable rainfall

McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2010. "Simulation of adaptive site-specific irrigation control performance with spatially variable rainfall." Montagu, Kelvin (ed.) Australian Irrigation Conference and Exibition 2010: One Water Many Futures. Sydney, Australia 08 - 10 Jun 2010 Sydney, Australia.

Simulation of site-specific irrigation control strategies with sparse input data

McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2010. "Simulation of site-specific irrigation control strategies with sparse input data." 17th World Congress of the International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR 2010): Sustainable Biosystems Through Engineering. Quebec City, Canada 13 - 17 Jun 2010 Quebec, Canada.

The effect of irrigation non-uniformity on carrot production

Koech, Richard and Raine, Steven R.. 2010. "The effect of irrigation non-uniformity on carrot production." Montagu, Kelvin (ed.) Australian Irrigation Conference and Exibition 2010: One Water Many Futures. Sydney, Australia 08 - 10 Jun 2010 Sydney, Australia.

Can electromagnetic induction be used to evaluate sprinkler irrigation uniformity for a shallow rooted crop?

Hussain, Amjed and Raine, Steven R.. 2010. "Can electromagnetic induction be used to evaluate sprinkler irrigation uniformity for a shallow rooted crop?" Gilkes, Robert J. and Prakongkep, Nattaporn (ed.) 19th World Congress of Soil Science (WCSS 2010): Soil Solutions for a Changing World. Brisbane, Australia 01 - 06 Aug 2010 Warrugal, Australia.

Cattle liveweight estimation using machine vision assessment of objective body measurements: first results

McCarthy, C., Billingsley, J., Finch, N., Murray, P. and Gaughan, J.. 2010. "Cattle liveweight estimation using machine vision assessment of objective body measurements: first results." 28th Biennial Australian Society of Animal Production Conference. Armidale, Australia 11 - 15 Jul 2010 Brisbane, Australia.

Determining operational requirements to optimise monolayer performance on a farm dam via a 'Universal Design Framework'

Brink, Gavin, Wandel, Andrew P., Pittaway, Pam, Hancock, Nigel and Pather, Selvan. 2010. "Determining operational requirements to optimise monolayer performance on a farm dam via a 'Universal Design Framework'." Montagu, Kelvin (ed.) Australian Irrigation Conference and Exibition 2010: One Water Many Futures. Sydney, Australia 08 - 10 Jun 2010 Sydney, Australia.

A ‘universal design framework’ for installation planning and operational management of evaporation-suppressing films on agricultural reservoirs

Brink, Gavin, Wandel, Andrew P., Pittaway, Pam, Hancock, Nigel and Pather, Selvan. 2010. "A ‘universal design framework’ for installation planning and operational management of evaporation-suppressing films on agricultural reservoirs." Genet, Roger (ed.) International Conference on Agricultural Engineering: Towards Environmental Technologies (2010). Clermont-Ferrand, France 06 - 08 Sep 2010

Holistic control system design for large mobile irrigation machines

McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven. 2010. "Holistic control system design for large mobile irrigation machines." 16th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP 2010). Darussalam, Brunei 22 - 24 Jun 2010 Toowoomba, Australia.

EvapCalc – a modest-cost technique for real-time measurement of evaporation (and seepage) from farm dams

Hancock, Nigel and Symes, Troy. 2009. "EvapCalc – a modest-cost technique for real-time measurement of evaporation (and seepage) from farm dams." IWER 2009: International Workshop on Evaporation from Reservoirs. Gold Coast, Australia 09 - 11 Dec 2009 Gold Coast, Australia.

Investigating the effect of electro-osmosis on sandy soil near saturated conditions

Huweg, Abdurrahman F. S., Kamel, Fouad and Raine, Steven. 2010. "Investigating the effect of electro-osmosis on sandy soil near saturated conditions." Goh, Steven C. and Wang, Hao (ed.) 2010 Southern Region Engineering Conference (SREC 2010). Toowoomba, Australia 11 - 12 Nov 2010 Toowoomba, Australia.

The combined use of shade-cloth covers and monolayers to prevent evaporation in irrigation reservoirs

Gallego-Elvira, B., Martinez Alvarez, V., Pittaway, Pam, Symes, Troy and Hancock, Nigel. 2010. "The combined use of shade-cloth covers and monolayers to prevent evaporation in irrigation reservoirs." International Conference on Agricultural Engineering: Towards Environmental Technologies (2010). Clermont-Ferrand, France 06 - 08 Sep 2010

Permanent raised bed configurations and renovation methods affect crop performance

Akbar, Ghani, Hamilton, Greg and Raine, Steven. 2010. "Permanent raised bed configurations and renovation methods affect crop performance." Gilkes, Robert J. and Prakongkep, Nattaporn (ed.) 19th World Congress of Soil Science (WCSS 2010): Soil Solutions for a Changing World. Brisbane, Australia 01 - 06 Aug 2010 Melbourne, Australia.

Development of a prototype precision spot spray system using image analysis and plant identification technology

Rees, Steven, McCarthy, Cheryl, Artizzu, X. P. B., Baillie, Craig and Dunn, Mark. 2009. "Development of a prototype precision spot spray system using image analysis and plant identification technology." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2009: Agricultural Technologies In a Changing Climate. Brisbane, Australia 13 - 16 Sep 2009 Brisbane, Australia.

Towards a biophysical understanding of observed performance of evaporation suppressant films applied to agricultural water storages - first analyses

Hancock, Nigel, Pittaway, Pam and Symes, Troy. 2009. "Towards a biophysical understanding of observed performance of evaporation suppressant films applied to agricultural water storages - first analyses ." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2009: Agricultural Technologies In a Changing Climate. Brisbane, Australia 13 - 16 Sep 2009 Brisbane, Australia.

Smart monolayer application and management to reduce evaporation on farm dams - formulation of a universal design framework

Brink, Gavin, Symes, Troy, Pittaway, Pam, Hancock, Nigel, Pather, Selvan and Schmidt, Erik. 2009. "Smart monolayer application and management to reduce evaporation on farm dams - formulation of a universal design framework." Venkatraman, K. (ed.) 2009 Environmental Research Event. Noosa, Australia 10 - 13 May 2009

Evaluation of automotive varnish as a coating for density measurements of soil clods

de Almeida, B. G., da Silva, A. P., Raine, Steven R. and Figueiredo, G. C.. 2009. "Evaluation of automotive varnish as a coating for density measurements of soil clods." Soil Science Society of America Journal. 73 (2), pp. 449-452. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0191

Towards adaptive operational requirements for optimal application of evaporation-suppressing monolayer to reservoirs via a 'universal design framework'

Brink, Gavin, Wandel, Andrew P., Hancock, Nigel and Pather, Selvan. 2009. "Towards adaptive operational requirements for optimal application of evaporation-suppressing monolayer to reservoirs via a 'universal design framework'." IWER 2009: International Workshop on Evaporation from Reservoirs. Gold Coast, Australia 09 - 11 Dec 2009 Gold Coast, Australia.

A preliminary field evaluation of an automated vision-based plant geometry measurement system

McCarthy, Cheryl, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2007. "A preliminary field evaluation of an automated vision-based plant geometry measurement system." Prusinkiewicz, Przemyslaw, Hanan, Jim S. and Lane, Brendan (ed.) 5th International Workshop on Functional Structural Plant Models (FSPM07). Napier, New Zealand 04 - 09 Nov 2007

Improving the performance of chemical monolayers in reducing farm dam evaporation

Craig, Ian, Schmidt, Erik, Hancock, Nigel, Barnes, Geoff, Turnbull, David J., Pittaway, Pam and Morrison, Pippa. 2006. "Improving the performance of chemical monolayers in reducing farm dam evaporation." 3rd CRC-IF Annual Research Forum. Narrabri, Australia 05 - 06 Dec 2006 Toowoomba, Queensland.

Development of a 'smart' monolayer application system for reducing evaporation from farm dams: introductory paper

Brink, Gavin, Symes, Troy and Hancock, Nigel. 2009. "Development of a 'smart' monolayer application system for reducing evaporation from farm dams: introductory paper." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2009: Agricultural Technologies In a Changing Climate. Brisbane, Australia 13 - 16 Sep 2009 Brisbane, Australia.

EvapCalc software for the determination of dam evaporation and seepage

Craig, Ian, Schmidt, Erik and Hancock, Nigel. 2007. "EvapCalc software for the determination of dam evaporation and seepage." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2007: Agriculture and Engineering - Challenge Today, Technology Tomorrow. Adelaide, Australia 24 - 26 Sep 2007 Adelaide, Australia.

Evaluation of a proximal vision data acquisition system for measuring spatial variability in lettuce growth

Hussain, Amjed, Raine, Steven R., Henderson, Craig and Jensen, Troy. 2008. "Evaluation of a proximal vision data acquisition system for measuring spatial variability in lettuce growth." Unkovich, M. (ed.) 14th Australian Agronomy Conference: Global Issues. Paddock Action. Adelaide, Australia 21 - 25 Sep 2008 Gosford, NSW, Australia.

Characterising land ownership patterns in a salt-affected catchment: key implications for revegetation

Apan, Armando, Raine, Steven R., Cockfield, Geoff and Le Brocque, Andrew F.. 2003. "Characterising land ownership patterns in a salt-affected catchment: key implications for revegetation." 2003 Spatial Sciences Institute Biennial Conference: Spatial Knowledge Without Boundaries (SSC2003). Canberra, Australia 22 - 27 Sep 2003 Canberra, Australia.

Development of a simulation framework for variable-rate irrigation of cotton

McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2008. "Development of a simulation framework for variable-rate irrigation of cotton." 14th Australian Cotton Conference: New Beginnings – Cotton in a Climate of Change. Gold Coast, Australia 12 - 14 Aug 2008 Narrabri, NSW, Australia.

Managing spatial and temporal variability in irrigated agriculture through adaptive control

Smith, R. J., Raine, Steven R., McCarthy, Alison and Hancock, Nigel. 2009. "Managing spatial and temporal variability in irrigated agriculture through adaptive control." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering. 7 (1), pp. 79-90.

Bankless channel irrigation systems: irrigation performance assessment

Grabham, Michael, Hornbuckle, John, Raine, Steven R. and Smith, Rod. 2009. "Bankless channel irrigation systems: irrigation performance assessment." Irrigation Australia 2009: Irrigation Australia Irrigation and Drainage Conference: Irrigation Today - Meeting the Challenge. Swan Hill, Australia 18 - 21 Oct 2009 Sydney, Australia.

Exploration of data requirements for adaptive control of irrigation scheduling

McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2009. "Exploration of data requirements for adaptive control of irrigation scheduling." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2009: Agricultural Technologies In a Changing Climate. Brisbane, Australia 13 - 16 Sep 2009 Brisbane, Australia.

Sensors in, for and by mechatronics: a symbiosis [Introduction]

Hancock, Nigel H.. 2000. "Sensors in, for and by mechatronics: a symbiosis [Introduction]." Billingsley, John (ed.) Mechatronics and machine vision. Baldock, United Kingdom. Research Studies Press. pp. 101-103

Automated carbon dioxide measurement via miniaturised chemical reaction chambers under mechatronic control

Maxwell, Andrew, Hancock, Nigel and Tran-Cong, Thanh. 2000. "Automated carbon dioxide measurement via miniaturised chemical reaction chambers under mechatronic control." Billingsley, John (ed.) Mechatronics and machine vision. Baldock, United Kingdom. Research Studies Press. pp. 135-142

Towards evaluation of adaptive control systems for improved site-specific irrigation of cotton

McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2008. "Towards evaluation of adaptive control systems for improved site-specific irrigation of cotton." Irrigation Australia 2008: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition: Share the Water, Share the Benefits. Melbourne, Australia 20 - 22 May 2008 Hornsby, NSW, Australia.

Measurement and management of furrow irrigation at the field scale

Gillies, Malcolm H., Smith, R. J. and Raine, Steven R.. 2008. "Measurement and management of furrow irrigation at the field scale." Irrigation Australia 2008: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition: Share the Water, Share the Benefits. Melbourne, Australia 20 - 22 May 2008

A preliminary evaluation of the potential to use electromagnetic induction to assess sprinkler irrigation performance in horticultural crops

Hussain, Amjed and Raine, Steven R.. 2008. "A preliminary evaluation of the potential to use electromagnetic induction to assess sprinkler irrigation performance in horticultural crops." 1st Global Workshop on High Resolution Digitial Soil Sensing and Mapping. Sydney, Australia 05 - 08 Feb 2008 Sydney, Australia.

Managing spatial and temporal variability in irrigated agriculture through adaptive control

Smith, R. J., Raine, Steven R., McCarthy, Alison and Hancock, Nigel. 2007. "Managing spatial and temporal variability in irrigated agriculture through adaptive control." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2007: Agriculture and Engineering - Challenge Today, Technology Tomorrow. Adelaide, Australia 24 - 26 Sep 2007 Australia.

Soil-water and solute movement under precision irrigation: knowledge gaps for managing sustainable root zones

Raine, S. R., Meyer, W. S., Rassam, D. W., Hutson, J. L. and Cook, F. J.. 2007. "Soil-water and solute movement under precision irrigation: knowledge gaps for managing sustainable root zones ." Irrigation Science. 26 (1), pp. 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-007-0075-y

Errors in predicting furrow irrigation performance using single measures of infiltration

Langat, Philip K., Raine, Steven R. and Smith, R. J.. 2007. "Errors in predicting furrow irrigation performance using single measures of infiltration." Irrigation Science. 25 (4), pp. 339-349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-006-0049-5

Evaporation, seepage and water quality management in storage dams: a review of research methods

Craig, Ian, Aravinthan, Vasantha, Baillie, Craig Peter, Beswick, Alan, Barnes, Geoff, Bradbury, Ron, Connell, Luke, Cooper, Paul, Fellows, Christopher, Fitzmaurice, Li, Foley, Joseph P., Hancock, Nigel, Lamb, David, Morrison, Pippa, Mossad, Ruth, Misra, R. K., Pittaway, Pam, Prime, Emma, Rees, Steve, ..., Turnbull, David. 2007. "Evaporation, seepage and water quality management in storage dams: a review of research methods." Environmental Health. 7 (3), pp. 84-97.

Non-contact extrudate profilometer: introductory paper

Taylor, Reginald, Hancock, Nigel and Tran-Cong, Thanh. 1997. "Non-contact extrudate profilometer: introductory paper." Werner, B. (ed.) 4th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (MViP 1997). Toowoomba, Australia 23 - 25 Sep 1997 USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/MMVIP.1997.625315

Carbon dioxide sensing - a mechatronic approach

Maxwell, Andrew, Hancock, Nigel and Billingsley, John. 1997. "Carbon dioxide sensing - a mechatronic approach." Werner, B. (ed.) 4th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (MViP 1997). Toowoomba, Australia 23 - 25 Sep 1997 Los Alamitos, CA. United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/MMVIP.1997.625292

Methods for assessing dam evaporation - an introductory paper

Craig, Ian and Hancock, Nigel. 2004. "Methods for assessing dam evaporation - an introductory paper." Burnett, Jolyon (ed.) Irrigation Australia 2004: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition. Adelaide, Australia 11 - 13 May 2004 Hornsby, NSW, Australia.

On-the-go machine vision sensing of cotton plant geometric parameters: first results

McCarthy, Cheryl, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2006. "On-the-go machine vision sensing of cotton plant geometric parameters: first results." Billingsley, John (ed.) 13th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice. (M2VIP 2006). Toowoomba, Australia 05 - 07 Dec 2006 Berlin, Heidelberg.

Improving plants' water use efficiency and potential impacts from soil structure change - research investment opportunities

Loch, R. J., Grant, C. G., McKenzie, D. C. and Raine, S. R.. 2005. Improving plants' water use efficiency and potential impacts from soil structure change - research investment opportunities. Canberra, Australia. Land and Water Australia.

Using simulation modelling to improve the design and management of furrow irrigation in small-holder plots

Langat, Philip K. and Raine, Steven R.. 2006. "Using simulation modelling to improve the design and management of furrow irrigation in small-holder plots." 10th Southern and Eastern Africa Rainwater Network Conference. Mombasa, Kenya 04 - 06 Dec 2006 Mombasa, Kenya.

A preliminary evaluation of machine vision sensing of cotton nodes for automated irrigation control

McCarthy, Cheryl, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2006. "A preliminary evaluation of machine vision sensing of cotton nodes for automated irrigation control." Irrigation Australia 2006: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition. Brisbane, Australia 09 - 11 May 2006 Brisbane.

Real time control of surface irrigation: managing infiltration variations and enhancing furrow irrigation performance

Khatri, K. L., Smith, R. J. and Raine, Steven R.. 2006. "Real time control of surface irrigation: managing infiltration variations and enhancing furrow irrigation performance." Irrigation Australia 2006: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition. Brisbane, Australia 09 - 11 May 2006 Brisbane.

Is it possible to extract infiltration rates for variable inflow furrow irrigation?

Gillies, Malcolm H., Smith, R. J. and Raine, Steven R.. 2006. "Is it possible to extract infiltration rates for variable inflow furrow irrigation?" Irrigation Australia 2006: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition. Brisbane, Australia 09 - 11 May 2006 Hornsby, NSW, Australia.

Development of a CFD based dam evaporation model

Craig, I. P., Mossad, R. and Hancock, N.. 2006. "Development of a CFD based dam evaporation model." 11th International Health Summer School. Brisbane, Australia 21 - 22 Nov 2006 Brisbane, Queensland.

Universal acidity - conductivity relations in commercial bulk starter production

Hancock, N. H., McKinnon, I. and Maxwell, A. D.. 2006. "Universal acidity - conductivity relations in commercial bulk starter production." Australian Journal of Dairy Technology. 61 (2), pp. 189-192.

Identification and management of dispersive mine spoils

Vacher, Cameron A., Loch, Rob and Raine, Steven R.. 2004. Identification and management of dispersive mine spoils. Kenmore, Australia. Australian Centre for Mining Environmental Research.

Characterisation of soil profiles on four AFLQ Premier League sporting fields

Raine, Steven R. and Eberhard, Jochen. 2004. Characterisation of soil profiles on four AFLQ Premier League sporting fields. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.

A scoping study on measuring and monitoring tools and technology for precision irrigation

Misra, R. K., Raine, Steven R., Pezzaniti, David, Charlesworth, Philip and Hancock, Nigel. 2005. A scoping study on measuring and monitoring tools and technology for precision irrigation . Toowoomba, Australia. CRC for Irrigation Futures.

Strategies for maximizing sugarcane yield with limited water in the Bundaberg district

Baillie, Craig Peter and Raine, Steven R.. 2005. "Strategies for maximizing sugarcane yield with limited water in the Bundaberg district." Annual Australian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (ANCID) Conference. Mildura, Australia 23 - 26 Oct 2005 Mildura, Australia.

Improving whole farm and infield irrigation efficiencies using Irrimate tools

Raine, Steven R., Purcell, Jim and Schmidt, Erik. 2005. "Improving whole farm and infield irrigation efficiencies using Irrimate tools." Irrigation Australia 2005: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition: Restoring the Balance. Townsville, Australia 17 - 19 May 2005 Hornsby, NSW, Australia.

The future direction of on-farm irrigation technologies and practice research

Raine, Steven R. and Durack, Matthew K.. 2005. "The future direction of on-farm irrigation technologies and practice research." The New Age of Cotton - Managing Change and Risk in your Environment (2005). Narrabri, Australia 17 - 18 Aug 2005 Narrabri, Australia.

Recent developments and strategies in the use of plant indicators for irrigation scheduling

Misra, R. K., Fuentes, S. and Raine, Steven R.. 2005. "Recent developments and strategies in the use of plant indicators for irrigation scheduling." Irrigation Australia 2005: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition: Restoring the Balance. Townsville, Australia 17 - 19 May 2005 Sydney, NSW.

Geographic information system based manure application plan

Raine, Steven R., Basnet, Badri B. and Apan, Armando A.. 2002. "Geographic information system based manure application plan." Journal of Environmental Management. 64 (2), pp. 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.2001.0484

Automated machine vision sensing of plant structural parameters

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