Threat and opportunity: the impact of social inclusion and feedback recipient likeability on feedback, self-esteem and belonging

Paper

Machin, T. M. and Jeffries, C. H.. 2013. "Threat and opportunity: the impact of social inclusion and feedback recipient likeability on feedback, self-esteem and belonging." 48th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference (APS 2013): Psychology for a Healthy Nation. Cairns, Australia 08 - 12 Oct 2013 Australia.
Paper/Presentation Title

Threat and opportunity: the impact of social inclusion and feedback recipient likeability on feedback, self-esteem and belonging

Presentation TypePaper
AuthorsMachin, T. M. (Author) and Jeffries, C. H. (Author)
Journal or Proceedings TitleProceedings of the 48th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference (APS 2013)
ERA Conference ID50300
Number of Pages1
Year2013
Place of PublicationAustralia
Web Address (URL) of Paperhttp://www.psychology.org.au/Assets/Files/Cairns-2013-Conference-Abstracts-19Nov14.pdf
Conference/Event48th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference (APS 2013): Psychology for a Healthy Nation
Australian Psychological Society (APS) Annual Conference
Event Details
48th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference (APS 2013): Psychology for a Healthy Nation
Event Date
08 to end of 12 Oct 2013
Event Location
Cairns, Australia
Event Details
Australian Psychological Society (APS) Annual Conference
APS Annual Conference
Abstract

The need to belong is a basic psychological need and an important motivator of behaviour (Gere & MacDonald, 2010). When individuals are looking for opportunities to connect to others, they are most attracted to likeable people to satisfy their belonging and increase their self-worth (Brown, 1993; Leary, 2005). Social exclusion studies show that individuals are reluctant to perform behaviours that may cause rejection from others (Leary & Baumeister, 2000). A large volume of work has demonstrated that individuals are reluctant to communicate negative feedback and will modify feedback to make it appear less negative (e.g. Jeffries & Hornsey, 2012). The aim of this study was to investigate how feedback recipient likeability impacts on the belonging needs and self-esteem of an individual providing negative feedback. Participants were asked to recall and record a previous experience of social inclusion, or social exclusion, or the food they had eaten in the last 48 hours. They were then asked to evaluate a book review supposedly written by a fellow student and give negative feedback anonymously. This research used a 3 x 2 between group design to investigate social exclusion (inclusion vs exclusion vs control) and feedback recipient likeability (high vs low). Results showed that feedback was not positively modified regardless of feedback likeability. Results also showed that individuals who recalled social exclusion experienced decreased levels of belonging and self-esteem after delivery of negative feedback to a highly likeable individual but had increased levels of belonging and self-esteem after delivery of negative feedback to a less likeable individual. Further analyses showed a three-way interaction between social inclusion and feedback recipient likeability on changes in both belonging and self-esteem after delivery of feedback. These research findings were able to provide a sharper focus on the impact of belonging and self-esteem as a function of likeability, as well as supporting previous research on how anonymity helps alleviate social acceptance concerns thus avoiding modified feedback.

Keywordslikeability; belonging
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020520599. Social and personality psychology not elsewhere classified
470108. Organisational, interpersonal and intercultural communication
520105. Psychological methodology, design and analysis
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Byline AffiliationsSchool of Psychology and Counselling
Department of Psychology
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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