The impact of low socioeconomic status and primary health care access on emergency department presentations in young children in regional Queensland

Article

McCosker, Catherine, Beccaria, Gavin, Beccaria, Lisa and Machin, Tanya. 2023. "The impact of low socioeconomic status and primary health care access on emergency department presentations in young children in regional Queensland." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 59 (9), pp. 1035-1038. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.16450
Article Title

The impact of low socioeconomic status and primary health care access on emergency department presentations in young children in regional Queensland

ERA Journal ID16465
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsMcCosker, Catherine, Beccaria, Gavin, Beccaria, Lisa and Machin, Tanya
Journal TitleJournal of Paediatrics and Child Health
Journal Citation59 (9), pp. 1035-1038
Number of Pages4
Year2023
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN1034-4810
1440-1754
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.16450
Web Address (URL)https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpc.16450
Abstract

Aim
The purpose of this study was to empirically evaluate if children from low socio-economic status (SES) families in regional southeast Queensland utilise acute care services for low acuity health care rather than utilising primary health services.

Methods
A retrospective audit of children under the age of 5 years presented at a regional hospital emergency department (ED) over a 12-month period. Medical records were examined for presenting problem, Australasian triage category, care outcomes, whether the child's parent/guardian held an Australian concession/health care card (AC/HCC) and accessed child health services or a general medical practitioner (GP).

Results
Eight hundred and eighty-eight children who had not reached their fifth birthday presented to ED between 1 June 2019 and 31 May 2020, with a total of 1691 presentations. Most children were bought to the ED by their parents with semi-urgent health concerns and were discharged home following medical review. Holding an AC/HCC was a significant predictor for hospital presentation. Holding an AC/HCC was not associated with access to child health services. However, accessing child health services resulted in a small but significant increase in hospital presentations.

Conclusions
The AC/HCC may be an important proxy to identify low SES individuals. These card holders tended to use acute services more frequently than those who did not qualify for an AC/HCC. Furthermore, families that engage with primary care services such as child health also accessed acute care services more frequently. The results indicate accessing primary health-care services does not ameliorate the use of acute care services.

Keywordschild; Australian concession card; emergency department; health care card; primary health care
Article Publishing Charge (APC) FundingOther
Contains Sensitive ContentContains sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420321. Rural and remote health services
420601. Community child health
Byline AffiliationsSchool of Nursing and Midwifery
Centre for Health Research
Darling Downs Health, Australia
School of Psychology and Wellbeing
University of Southern Queensland
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Moloney, Clint, Beccaria, Gavin, Mullens, Amy, Issac, Hancy and Phillips, Tania. 2019. "Recommendations and practices for holistic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) assessment and optimal referral patterns in emergency department presentations: a scoping review protocol ." BMJ Open. 9 (8), pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030358
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Abel, Susan, Machin, Tanya and Brownlow, Charlotte. 2019. "Support, socialise and advocate: An exploration of the stated purposes of Facebook autism groups." Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 61, pp. 10-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.01.009
Body image as a predictor of nonsuicidal self-injury in women: a longitudinal study
Black, Emma B., Garratt, Maria, Beccaria, Gavin, Mildred, Helen and Kwan, Marcella. 2019. "Body image as a predictor of nonsuicidal self-injury in women: a longitudinal study." Comprehensive Psychiatry. 88, pp. 83-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.11.010
Children and social media
Machin, Tanya and Abel, Susan. 2022. "Children and social media." Childhood Studies. 25 April 2022, pp. 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1093/OBO/9780199791231-0198
Common mental disorders among Indigenous people living in regional, remote and metropolitan Australia: a cross-sectional study
Nasir, Bushra F., Toombs, Maree T., Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, Srinivas, Kisely, Steve, Gill, Neeraj S., Black, Emma, Hayman, Noel, Ranmuthugala, Geetha, Beccaria, Gavin, Ostini, Remo and Nicholson, Geoffrey C.. 2018. "Common mental disorders among Indigenous people living in regional, remote and metropolitan Australia: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open. 8 (6), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020196
Entry requirements in nursing: results from a national survey of nurse academics on entry requirements in Australian bachelor of nursing programs
Ralph, Nicholas, Graham, Coralie, Beccaria, Lisa and Rogers, Cath. 2019. "Entry requirements in nursing: results from a national survey of nurse academics on entry requirements in Australian bachelor of nursing programs." Collegian: The Australian Journal of Nursing Practice, Scholarship and Research. 26 (1), pp. 140-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2018.06.005
Internet research and the implications for ethical research practice
Jackson, Annmare, Brownlow, Charlotte and Machin, Tanya. 2016. "Internet research and the implications for ethical research practice." Australasian Ethics Network Conference (AEN 2016). Adelaide, Australia 23 - 25 Nov 2016 Adelaide, South Australia.
A case study of designing artificial Facebook pages: a new approach to online research [Online case study]
Machin, Tanya M, Brownlow, Charlotte and Jeffries, Carla H. 2018. "A case study of designing artificial Facebook pages: a new approach to online research [Online case study]." Sage Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526435095
Understanding the autistic individual: a practical guide to discourse analysis
Brownlow, Charlotte, O'Dell, Lindsay and Machin, Tanya. 2017. "Understanding the autistic individual: a practical guide to discourse analysis." O'Reilly, Michelle, Lester, Jessica Nina and Muskett, Tom (ed.) A practical guide to social interaction research in autism spectrum disorders. London, United Kingdom. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 141-165
A confirmatory factor analysis of the student evidence-based practice questionnaire (s-ebpq) in an Australian sample
Beccaria, Lisa, Beccaria, Gavin and McCosker, Catherine. 2018. "A confirmatory factor analysis of the student evidence-based practice questionnaire (s-ebpq) in an Australian sample." Nurse Education Today. 62, pp. 69-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2017.12.010
affron® a novel saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) improves mood in healthy adults over 4 weeks in a double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Kell, Graham, Rao, Amanda, Beccaria, Gavin, Clayton, Paul, Inarejos-Garcia, Antonio Manuel and Prodanov, Marin. 2017. "affron® a novel saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) improves mood in healthy adults over 4 weeks in a double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial." Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 33, pp. 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.06.001
Exploring nursing educators' use of theory and methods in search for evidence based credibility in nursing education
Beccaria, Lisa, Kek, Megan Y.C.A. and Huijser, Henk. 2018. "Exploring nursing educators' use of theory and methods in search for evidence based credibility in nursing education." Nurse Education Today. 65, pp. 60-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.02.032
Mental Health and Indigenous Connection to Land and Community
Toombs, M., Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, S., Kisely, S., Gill, N., Hayman, N., Ranmuthugala, G., Beccaria, G., Ostini, R., Nicholson, G. and Nasir, B.. 2018. "Mental Health and Indigenous Connection to Land and Community." Royal Australian & New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) 2018 Congress. New Zealand 12 201 - 17 May 2018 Australia. SAGE Publications Ltd.
The Cultural Appropriateness of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV TR, AXIS I for Indigenous Populations
Toombs, M, Nasir, B, Kisely, S, Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, S, Gill, N, Black, E, Hayman, N, Ranmuthugala, G, Beccaria, G, Ostini, R and Nicholson, G. 2018. "The Cultural Appropriateness of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV TR, AXIS I for Indigenous Populations." Royal Australian & New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) 2018 Congress. New Zealand 12 201 - 17 May 2018 Australia. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867418764980
Restoration of organisational climate: an advanced (in)civility model and measure of experienced, instigated and observed workplace incivility
Smith, D., Dearman, D., Machin, M. A. and Beccaria, G.. 2017. "Restoration of organisational climate: an advanced (in)civility model and measure of experienced, instigated and observed workplace incivility." European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology 2017: Enabling Change Through Work and Organizational Psychology: Opportunities and Challenges for Research and Practice.. Dublin, Ireland 17 - 20 May 2017 Ireland.
The Organisational Socio-Ecological (In)Civility Model: framing multilevel (in)civility effects on employees within organisational climate and culture
Smith, D., Machin, M. A. and Beccaria, G.. 2017. "The Organisational Socio-Ecological (In)Civility Model: framing multilevel (in)civility effects on employees within organisational climate and culture." European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology 2017: Enabling Change Through Work and Organizational Psychology: Opportunities and Challenges for Research and Practice.. Dublin, Ireland 17 - 20 May 2017 Ireland.
Role of health-promoting behaviours for on-campus and distance students
Beccaria, Lisa, Rogers, Cath, Burton, Lorelle and Beccaria, Gavin. 2016. "Role of health-promoting behaviours for on-campus and distance students." Distance Education. 37 (1), pp. 22-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2016.1158768
Depressive disorders
Beccaria, Gavin. 2017. "Depressive disorders." Pelling, Nadine and Burton, Lorelle (ed.) Abnormal psychology in context: the Australian and New Zealand handbook. Australia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 94-105
From ‘likes’ to unfriending: the need to belong and relational information on Facebook
Machin, Tanya M.. 2016. From ‘likes’ to unfriending: the need to belong and relational information on Facebook. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Preparation of Australian and Spanish nursing students for intimate partner violence
Gorman, Don, Cuadra, Assumpta Rigol, Perez, Maria Honrubia, Zaplana, Isabel Sanchez, Martin, Dolors Rodriguez, Bujosa, Neus Tur, Beccaria, Lisa, Martyn, Julie A, Dawson, Rhonda, Beccaria, Gavin and Hossain, Delwar. 2016. "Preparation of Australian and Spanish nursing students for intimate partner violence." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 6 (12), pp. 131-135. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v6n12p131
Australian distance students’ perceptions of individual and institutional responsibility for health and wellbeing
Beccaria, Lisa, Rogers, Cath and Burton, Lorelle. 2016. "Australian distance students’ perceptions of individual and institutional responsibility for health and wellbeing." Journal of the Australia and New Zealand Student Services Association. 47, pp. 18-30.
Influence of a specialized Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract (Libifem), on testosterone, estradiol and sexual function in healthy menstruating women, a randomised placebo controlled study
Rao, Amanda, Steels, Elizabeth, Beccaria, Gavin, Inder, Warrick and Vitetta, Luis. 2015. "Influence of a specialized Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract (Libifem), on testosterone, estradiol and sexual function in healthy menstruating women, a randomised placebo controlled study." Phytotherapy Research. 29 (8), pp. 1123-1130. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5355
Contributing to evidence-based healthcare cultures through lifelong learning
Beccaria, Lisa, Moloney, Clint and Lockwood, Craig. 2015. "Contributing to evidence-based healthcare cultures through lifelong learning." Lawrence, Jill, Perrin, Cheryl and Kiernan, Eleanor (ed.) Building professional nursing communication. Port Melbourne, Australia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 205-240
To 'like' or not to 'like': a thematic analysis of social cues on Facebook
Machin, T., Jeffries, C. and Brownlow, C.. 2015. "To 'like' or not to 'like': a thematic analysis of social cues on Facebook." 50th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference (APS 2015): Celebrating the Past, Looking Toward the Future. Gold Coast, Australia 29 Sep - 02 Oct 2015 Australia.
Threat and opportunity: the impact of social inclusion and feedback recipient likeability on feedback, self-esteem and belonging
Machin, T. M. and Jeffries, C. H.. 2013. "Threat and opportunity: the impact of social inclusion and feedback recipient likeability on feedback, self-esteem and belonging." 48th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference (APS 2013): Psychology for a Healthy Nation. Cairns, Australia 08 - 12 Oct 2013 Australia.
Motives for Facebook use in an Australian sample
Machin, Tanya M., Jeffries, Carla H. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2014. "Motives for Facebook use in an Australian sample." Society of Australasian Social Psychologists Conference (SASP 2014). Canberra, Australia 10 - 12 Apr 2014 Australia.
Developing social problem solving skills to enhance deep and strategic learning approaches among first-year students
Burton, L. J. and Beccaria, G.. 2013. "Developing social problem solving skills to enhance deep and strategic learning approaches among first-year students." 48th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference (APS 2013): Psychology for a Healthy Nation. Cairns, Australia 08 - 12 Oct 2013 Melbourne, Australia.
The structural validity of Problem Solving Inventory – 12 item within an indigenous Australian population
Hirvonen, T. and Beccaria, G.. 2013. "The structural validity of Problem Solving Inventory – 12 item within an indigenous Australian population." 48th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference (APS 2013): Psychology for a Healthy Nation. Cairns, Australia 08 - 12 Oct 2013 Melbourne, Australia.
The Viva Voce as an authentic assessment for clinical psychology students
Beccaria, Gavin. 2013. "The Viva Voce as an authentic assessment for clinical psychology students." Australian Journal of Career Development. 22 (3), pp. 139-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416213498713
The interrelationships between student approaches to learning and group work
Beccaria, Lisa, Kek, Megan, Huijser, Henk, Rose, Jayln and Kimmins, Lindy. 2014. "The interrelationships between student approaches to learning and group work." Nurse Education Today. 34 (7), pp. 1094-1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.02.006
Beyond conscientiousness: career optimism and satisfaction with academic major
McIlveen, Peter, Beccaria, Gavin and Burton, Lorelle J.. 2013. "Beyond conscientiousness: career optimism and satisfaction with academic major." Journal of Vocational Behavior. 83 (3), pp. 229-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.05.005
A short form of the Career Futures Inventory
McIlveen, Peter, Burton, Lorelle J. and Beccaria, Gavin. 2013. "A short form of the Career Futures Inventory." Journal of Career Assessment. 21 (1), pp. 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072712450493
The relationship between distance students’ health risk and health-promoting behaviours, stress, strain, coping and academic outcomes
Beccaria, Lisa M.. 2013. The relationship between distance students’ health risk and health-promoting behaviours, stress, strain, coping and academic outcomes. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Nursing students' perceptions and understanding of intimate partner violence
Beccaria, Gavin, Beccaria, Lisa, Dawson, Rhonda, Gorman, Don, Harris, Julie A. and Hossain, Delwar. 2013. "Nursing students' perceptions and understanding of intimate partner violence." Nurse Education Today. 33 (8), pp. 907-911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2012.08.004
Developing social and emotional wellbeing in young children: an evaluation of the Fun FRIENDS Program
Beccaria, G. and Columbine, K.. 2011. "Developing social and emotional wellbeing in young children: an evaluation of the Fun FRIENDS Program." Byrne, Don (ed.) 46th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2011. Canberra, Australia 04 - 08 Oct 2011 Melbourne, Australia.
Autoethnography in vocational psychology: wearing your class on your sleeve
McIlveen, Peter, Beccaria, Gavin, du Preez, Jan and Patton, Wendy. 2010. "Autoethnography in vocational psychology: wearing your class on your sleeve." Journal of Career Development. 37 (3), pp. 599-615. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845309357048
Examining the validity of the problem solving inventory in Australia
Beccaria, Gavin and Machin, M. Anthony. 2010. "Examining the validity of the problem solving inventory in Australia." Mrowinski, Vicky, Kyrios, Michael and Voudouris, Nicholas (ed.) 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP 2010). Melbourne, Australia 11 - 16 Jul 2010 Melbourne, Australia.
Perceived facilitators and inhibitors for the use of personal digital assistants (PDAs) by nurses: a systematic review
Moloney, Clint and Beccaria, Lisa Mara. 2009. "Perceived facilitators and inhibitors for the use of personal digital assistants (PDAs) by nurses: a systematic review." JBI Library of Systematic Reviews. 7 (33), pp. 1430-1491. https://doi.org/10.11124/01938924-200907330-00001
Social problem-solving skills and mental health: a comparison of undergraduate cohorts
Beccaria, Gavin, Lee, Edna and Machin, M. Anthony. 2009. "Social problem-solving skills and mental health: a comparison of undergraduate cohorts." Voudouris, Nicholas and Mrowinski, Vicky (ed.) 44th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2009. Darwin, Australia 30 Sep - 04 Oct 2009 Melbourne, Australia.
Individualism, collectivism, and voting behaviour: a follow-up study into political values
Beccaria, Gavin, Wibrow, J. and Baczynski, Michael. 2009. "Individualism, collectivism, and voting behaviour: a follow-up study into political values." Voudouris, Nicholas and Mrowinski, Vicky (ed.) 44th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2009. Darwin, Australia 30 Sep - 04 Oct 2009 Melbourne, Australia.
Retaining telephone counsellor volunteers at Lifeline Darling Downs and South West Queensland Limited: a consideration of counselling self-efficacy
Beccaria, Gavin and Weston, Alisha. 2009. "Retaining telephone counsellor volunteers at Lifeline Darling Downs and South West Queensland Limited: a consideration of counselling self-efficacy." Voudouris, Nicholas and Mrowinski, Vicky (ed.) 44th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2009. Darwin, Australia 30 Sep - 04 Oct 2009 Melbourne, Australia.
Individualism, collectivism, and voting behaviour: a pilot study into the 2007 Australian federal election
Beccaria, Gavin and Baczynski, Michael P.. 2008. "Individualism, collectivism, and voting behaviour: a pilot study into the 2007 Australian federal election." Voudouris, Nicholas and Mrowinski, Vicky (ed.) 43rd Annual Australian Psychological Society Conference (APS 2008): Psychology Leading Change. Hobart, Australia 23 - 27 Sep 2008 Melbourne, Australia.
The impact of informal social support on individual morale, distress, and satisfaction
Beccaria, Gavin and Machin, M. Anthony. 2007. "The impact of informal social support on individual morale, distress, and satisfaction." Moore, Kate (ed.) 42nd Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2007. Brisbane, Australia 25 - 29 Sep 2007 Melbourne, Australia.
Parental and teacher influences on the consumption of plain drinking water by primary school aged children
Beccaria, Lisa Mara. 2007. Parental and teacher influences on the consumption of plain drinking water by primary school aged children. Masters Thesis Master of Health. University of Southern Queensland.
Anger, pain behaviour and feelings of well-being amongst long-term arthritis sufferers
Coates, D., Pretty, G., Bramston, P. and Beccaria, G.. 2006. "Anger, pain behaviour and feelings of well-being amongst long-term arthritis sufferers." Katsikitis, Mary (ed.) Psychology Bridging the Tasman: Science, Culture and Practice 2006. Auckland, New Zealand 26 - 30 Sep 2006 Melbourne, Australia.