Comparing ChatGPT With Experts’ Responses to Scenarios that Assess Psychological Literacy

Article

Machin, M. Anthony, Machin, Tanya M. and Gasson, Natalie. 2024. "Comparing ChatGPT With Experts’ Responses to Scenarios that Assess Psychological Literacy." Psychology Learning and Teaching. 23 (2), pp. 265-280. https://doi.org/10.1177/14757257241241592
Article Title

Comparing ChatGPT With Experts’ Responses to Scenarios that Assess Psychological Literacy

ERA Journal ID6614
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsMachin, M. Anthony, Machin, Tanya M. and Gasson, Natalie
Journal TitlePsychology Learning and Teaching
Journal Citation23 (2), pp. 265-280
Number of Pages16
Year2024
PublisherSAGE Publications Ltd
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN1475-7257
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1177/14757257241241592
Web Address (URL)https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14757257241241592
Abstract

Progress in understanding students’ development of psychological literacy is critical. However, generative AI represents an emerging threat to higher education which may dramatically impact on student learning and how this learning transfers to their practice. This research investigated whether ChatGPT responded in ways that demonstrated psychological literacy and whether it matched the responses of subject matter experts on a measure of psychological literacy. We tasked ChatGPT with providing responses to 13 psychology research methods scenarios as well as to rate each of the five response options that were already developed for each scenario by the research team. ChatGPT responded in ways that would typically be regarded as displaying a high level of psychological literacy. The response options which were previously rated by two groups of Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) were then compared with ratings provided by ChatGPT. The Pearson’s correlations were very high (r’s = .73 and .80 respectively), as were the Spearman’s rhos (rho’s = .81 and .82 respectively). Kendall’s Tau were also quite high (tau’s = .67 and .68 respectively). We conclude that ChatGPT may generate responses that match SME psychological literacy in research methods, which could also generalise across multiple domains of psychological literacy.

KeywordsPsychological literacy, ChatGPT, Situational Judgement Test
Article Publishing Charge (APC) FundingOther
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020399999. Other education not elsewhere classified
529999. Other psychology not elsewhere classified
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Southern Queensland
Curtin University
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Machin, M. Anthony. 2002. "Planning, managing, and optimizing transfer of training." Kraiger, Kurt (ed.) Creating, implementing, and managing effective training and development. San Francisco, United States. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 263-301
Evaluating a fatigue management training program for coach drivers
Machin, M. Anthony. 2003. "Evaluating a fatigue management training program for coach drivers." Dorn, Lisa (ed.) Driver behaviour and training. Aldershot, UK. Ashgate Publishing Limited. pp. 75-83
Factors influencing young drivers' risk perceptions and speeding behaviour
Machin, M. Anthony and Sankey, Kim S.. 2006. "Factors influencing young drivers' risk perceptions and speeding behaviour." King, Mark (ed.) Australasian Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference (2006). Gold Coast, Australia 25 - 27 Oct 2006 Gold Coast, Qld.
Understanding the unique contribution of aversion to risk taking in predicting drivers' self-reported speeding
Machin, M. Anthony and Plint, Janna E.. 2010. "Understanding the unique contribution of aversion to risk taking in predicting drivers' self-reported speeding." Dorn, Lisa (ed.) Driver behaviour and training. volume 4. Surrey, United Kingdom. Ashgate Publishing Limited. pp. 61-73
The impact of reemployment on access to the latent and manifest benefits of employment and mental health
Hoare, P. Nancey and Machin, M. Anthony. 2010. "The impact of reemployment on access to the latent and manifest benefits of employment and mental health." Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 83 (3), pp. 759-770. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X472094
The role of climate for transfer of training and intrinsic benefits in explaining employees' motivation to attend voluntary professional development activities
Sankey, Kim S. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2010. "The role of climate for transfer of training and intrinsic benefits in explaining employees' motivation to attend voluntary professional development activities." Mrowinski, Vicky, Kyrios, Michael and Voudouris, Nicholas (ed.) 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP 2010). Melbourne, Australia 11 - 16 Jul 2010 Melbourne, Australia.
Examining the validity of driver prototypes using driving-specific measures of personality and coping
Machin, M. Anthony. 2010. "Examining the validity of driver prototypes using driving-specific measures of personality and coping." Mrowinski, Vicky, Kyrios, Michael and Voudouris, Nicholas (ed.) 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP 2010). Melbourne, Australia 11 - 16 Jul 2010 Melbourne, Australia.
A structural model linking commitment to organizational change and change success
Machin, M. Anthony and Fogarty, Gerard J.. 2010. "A structural model linking commitment to organizational change and change success." Mrowinski, Vicky, Kyrios, Michael and Voudouris, Nicholas (ed.) 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP 2010). Melbourne, Australia 11 - 16 Jul 2010 Melbourne, Australia.
The impact of ageing on capacity for and decisions about driving
Machin, M. Anthony and Dorn, Lisa. 2010. "The impact of ageing on capacity for and decisions about driving." Mrowinski, Vicky, Kyrios, Michael and Voudouris, Nicholas (ed.) 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP 2010). Melbourne, Australia 11 - 16 Jul 2010 Melbourne, Australia.
Examining the validity of the problem solving inventory in Australia
Beccaria, Gavin and Machin, M. Anthony. 2010. "Examining the validity of the problem solving inventory in Australia." Mrowinski, Vicky, Kyrios, Michael and Voudouris, Nicholas (ed.) 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP 2010). Melbourne, Australia 11 - 16 Jul 2010 Melbourne, Australia.
Establishing links between organizational climate, employee well-being and historical patient outcomes
Machin, T., Goh, H. E., Patrick, J. and Jury, C.. 2010. "Establishing links between organizational climate, employee well-being and historical patient outcomes." Mrowinski, Vicky, Kyrios, Michael and Voudouris, Nicholas (ed.) 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP 2010). Melbourne, Australia 11 - 16 Jul 2010 Melbourne, Australia.
Improving employee engagement, well-being and performance: new tools, interventions, and solutions
Machin, M. Anthony and Fogarty, Gerard J.. 2010. "Improving employee engagement, well-being and performance: new tools, interventions, and solutions." Mrowinski, Vicky, Kyrios, Michael and Voudouris, Nicholas (ed.) 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP 2010). Melbourne, Australia 11 - 16 Jul 2010 Melbourne, Australia.
Identifying gender differences in the independent effects of personality and psychological well-being on two broad affect components of subjective well-being
Burns, R. A. and Machin, M. A.. 2010. "Identifying gender differences in the independent effects of personality and psychological well-being on two broad affect components of subjective well-being." Personality and Individual Differences. 48 (1), pp. 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.08.007
Predicting job satisfaction and depression at work: how important are work-related factors?
Machin, M. Anthony. 2009. "Predicting job satisfaction and depression at work: how important are work-related factors?" Voudouris, Nicholas and Mrowinski, Vicky (ed.) 44th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2009. Darwin, Australia 30 Sep - 04 Oct 2009 Melbourne, Australia.
The importance of psychological well-being in organisational settings: moving beyond the pleasure principle
Burns, Richard A. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2009. "The importance of psychological well-being in organisational settings: moving beyond the pleasure principle." Voudouris, Nicholas and Mrowinski, Vicky (ed.) 44th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2009. Darwin, Australia 30 Sep - 04 Oct 2009 Melbourne, Australia.
Social problem-solving skills and mental health: a comparison of undergraduate cohorts
Beccaria, Gavin, Lee, Edna and Machin, M. Anthony. 2009. "Social problem-solving skills and mental health: a comparison of undergraduate cohorts." Voudouris, Nicholas and Mrowinski, Vicky (ed.) 44th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2009. Darwin, Australia 30 Sep - 04 Oct 2009 Melbourne, Australia.
Some implications of the psychological experience of unemployment
Hoare, P. Nancey and Machin, M. Anthony. 2009. "Some implications of the psychological experience of unemployment." Australian Journal of Career Development. 18 (3), pp. 57-61.
Predicting employees' commitment to and support for organisational change
Machin, M. Anthony, Fogarty, Gerard J. and Bannon, Steven F.. 2009. "Predicting employees' commitment to and support for organisational change." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Organisational Psychology. 2 (1), pp. 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1375/ajop.2.1.10
Relationships between young drivers' personality characteristics, risk perceptions, and driving behaviour
Machin, M. Anthony and Sankey, Kim S.. 2008. "Relationships between young drivers' personality characteristics, risk perceptions, and driving behaviour." Accident Analysis and Prevention. 40 (2), pp. 541-547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.08.010
The role of workload and driver coping styles in predicting bus drivers' need for recovery, positive and negative affect, and physical symptoms
Machin, M. Anthony and Hoare, P. Nancey. 2008. "The role of workload and driver coping styles in predicting bus drivers' need for recovery, positive and negative affect, and physical symptoms." Anxiety, Stress and Coping. 21 (4), pp. 359-375. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800701766049
Personal effectiveness training for unemployed people: where to now?
Creed, Peter A., Machin, M. Anthony and Nicholls, Pat. 1998. "Personal effectiveness training for unemployed people: where to now?" Australian Journal of Career Development. 7 (1), pp. 30-34.
Investigating the structural validity of Ryff's psychological well-being scales across two samples
Burns, Richard A. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2009. "Investigating the structural validity of Ryff's psychological well-being scales across two samples." Social Indicators Research: an international and interdisciplinary journal for quality-of-life measurement. 93 (2), pp. 359-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9329-1
The impact of informal social support on individual morale, distress, and satisfaction
Beccaria, Gavin and Machin, M. Anthony. 2007. "The impact of informal social support on individual morale, distress, and satisfaction." Moore, Kate (ed.) 42nd Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2007. Brisbane, Australia 25 - 29 Sep 2007 Melbourne, Australia.
Predicting absenteeism and turnover intentions in the health professions
Albion, Majella J., Fogarty, Gerard J., Machin, M. Anthony and Patrick, Jeff. 2008. "Predicting absenteeism and turnover intentions in the health professions." Australian Health Review. 32 (2), pp. 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH080271
Re-evaluating our conception of well-being in an organisational setting
Burns, Richard A. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2007. "Re-evaluating our conception of well-being in an organisational setting." Dollard, Maureen, Winefield, Tony, Tuckey, M. and Winwood, P. (ed.) IOP 2007: Better Work. Better Organisations. Better World. Adelaide, Australia 28 Jun - 01 Jul 2007 Melbourne, Australia.
Attributes of immediate supervisor in promoting trust with employees in a public sector organisation
Goh, Hong Eng, Machin, M. Anthony and Patrick, Jeff. 2007. "Attributes of immediate supervisor in promoting trust with employees in a public sector organisation." Dollard, M., Winefield, T., Tuckey, M. and Winwood, P. (ed.) 7th Industrial & Organisational Psychology Conference and 1st Asia Pacific Congress on Work and Organisational Psychology. Adelaide, Australia 28 Jun - 01 Jul 2007 Melbourne, Australia.
Testing a model of the predictors of change success
Machin, M. Anthony and Albion, Majella J.. 2007. "Testing a model of the predictors of change success." Dollard, M., Winefield, T., Tuckey, M. and Winwood, P. (ed.) 7th Industrial & Organisational Psychology Conference and 1st Asia Pacific Congress on Work and Organisational Psychology. Adelaide, Australia 28 Jun - 01 Jul 2007 Melbourne, Australia.
Understanding the process of transfer of training in the workplace
Machin, M. Anthony. 1999. Understanding the process of transfer of training in the workplace. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Improving mental health status and coping abilities for long-term unemployed youth using cognitive-behaviour therapy based training interventions
Creed, Peter A., Machin, Michael Anthony and Hicks, Richard E.. 1999. "Improving mental health status and coping abilities for long-term unemployed youth using cognitive-behaviour therapy based training interventions." Journal of Organizational Behavior. 20 (6), pp. 963-978. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199911)20:6<963::AID-JOB916>3.0.CO;2-D
Behavioural plasticity and mental health outcomes for long-term unemployed attending occupational training programmes
Creed, P. A., Hicks, R. E. and Machin, M. A.. 1998. "Behavioural plasticity and mental health outcomes for long-term unemployed attending occupational training programmes." Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 71 (2), pp. 171-191.
The effects of self-efficacy, motivation to transfer, and situational constraints on transfer intentions and transfer of training
Machin, Michael A. and Fogarty, Gerard J.. 1997. "The effects of self-efficacy, motivation to transfer, and situational constraints on transfer intentions and transfer of training." Performance Improvement Quarterly. 10 (2), pp. 98-115.
Examining a non-prescriptive approach to fatigue management in coach drivers
Machin, M. A.. 2003. "Examining a non-prescriptive approach to fatigue management in coach drivers." Reddy, P., Langan-Fox, J. and Code, S. (ed.) 5th Australian Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference 2003: Advancing Creative Solutions in Science and Practice. Melbourne, Australia 26 - 29 Jun 2003 Melbourne, Australia.
Introducing the latent and manifest benefits of employment (LAMB) scale
Muller, J. J., Creed, P. A., Waters, L. and Machin, M. A.. 2003. "Introducing the latent and manifest benefits of employment (LAMB) scale." Reddy, P., Langan-Fox, J. and Code, S. (ed.) 5th Australian Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference 2003: Advancing Creative Solutions in Science and Practice. Melbourne, Australia 26 - 29 Jun 2003 Melbourne,Australia.
Predicting health outcomes and safety behaviour in taxi drivers
Machin, M. A. and De Souza, J. M. D.. 2003. "Predicting health outcomes and safety behaviour in taxi drivers." Reddy, P., Langan-Fox, J. and Code, S. (ed.) 5th Australian Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference 2003: Advancing Creative Solutions in Science and Practice. Melbourne, Australia 26 - 29 Jun 2003 Melbourne, Australia.
The influence of psychological factors on pre-employment activities in the unemployed
Hoare, P. N. and Machin, M. A.. 2003. "The influence of psychological factors on pre-employment activities in the unemployed." Reddy, P., Langan-Fox, J. and Code, S. (ed.) 5th Australian Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference 2003: Advancing Creative Solutions in Science and Practice. Melbourne, Australia 26 - 29 Jun 2003 Melbourne, Australia.
Developing a performance model for express coach drivers as a basis for selection
Kellett, S. M. and Machin, M. A.. 1999. "Developing a performance model for express coach drivers as a basis for selection." Crassini, B. (ed.) 3rd Australian Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference 1999. Brisbane, Australia 26 - 27 Jun 1999 Melbourne, Australia.
The influence of transfer climate and transfer enhancement activities on the implementation of aviation team training
Machin, M. A. and Fogarty, G. J.. 1999. "The influence of transfer climate and transfer enhancement activities on the implementation of aviation team training." Crassini, B. (ed.) 3rd Australian Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference 1999. Brisbane, Australia 26 - 27 Jun 1999 Melbourne, Australia.
Multidimensional properties of the access to categories of experience scale
Creed, Peter A. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2003. "Multidimensional properties of the access to categories of experience scale." European Journal of Psychological Assessment. 19 (2), pp. 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.19.2.85
Predicting occupational strain and job satisfaction: the role of stress, coping, personality, and affectivity variables
Fogarty, Gerard J., Machin, M. Anthony, Albion, Majella J., Sutherland, Lynette F., Lalor, Gabrielle I. and Revitt, Susan. 1999. "Predicting occupational strain and job satisfaction: the role of stress, coping, personality, and affectivity variables." Journal of Vocational Behavior. 54 (3), pp. 429-452. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1670
Predicting performance on a situational judgement test: the role of communication skills, listening skills, and expertise
Strahan, Jeanne, Fogarty, Gerard J. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2005. "Predicting performance on a situational judgement test: the role of communication skills, listening skills, and expertise." Katsikitis, Mary (ed.) 40th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2005. Melbourne, Australia 28 Sep - 02 Oct 2005 Melbourne, Australia.
The development and preliminary testing of a scale to measure the latent and manifest benefits of employment
Muller, Juanita J., Creed, Peter A., Waters, Lea E. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2005. "The development and preliminary testing of a scale to measure the latent and manifest benefits of employment." European Journal of Psychological Assessment. 21 (3), pp. 191-198. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.21.3.191
The relationship of work support and work demands to individual outcomes and absenteeism of rural nurses
Machin, M. Anthony, Fogarty, Gerard J. and Albion, Majella J.. 2004. "The relationship of work support and work demands to individual outcomes and absenteeism of rural nurses." 36th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference. Adelaide, Australia 21 - 24 Sep 2001
Assessing the antecedents of transfer intentions in a training context
Machin, M. Anthony and Fogarty, Gerard J.. 2004. "Assessing the antecedents of transfer intentions in a training context." International Journal of Training and Development. 8 (3), pp. 222-236.
Predicting health outcomes and safety behaviour in taxi drivers
Machin, M. Anthony and De Souza, Jillian M. D.. 2004. "Predicting health outcomes and safety behaviour in taxi drivers." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 7 (4-5), pp. 257-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2004.09.004
Maintaining well-being during unemployment: the role of the latent benefits of employment
Hoare, P. Nancey and Machin, M. Anthony. 2006. "Maintaining well-being during unemployment: the role of the latent benefits of employment." Australian Journal of Career Development. 15 (1), pp. 19-27.
Predictors of coach drivers' safety behaviour and health status
Machin, M. Anthony. 2005. "Predictors of coach drivers' safety behaviour and health status." Dorn, Lisa (ed.) 2nd International Conference in Driver Behaviour and Training. Edinburgh, Scotland 15 - 17 Nov 2005 Aldershot, United Kingdom.
Self-esteem, affectivity, and deprivation: predictors of well-being in the unemployed
Hoare, Patricia Nancey and Machin, M. Anthony. 2004. "Self-esteem, affectivity, and deprivation: predictors of well-being in the unemployed." Katsikitis, Mary (ed.) 39th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2004. Sydney, Australia 29 Sep - 03 Oct 2004 Melbourne, Australia.
Predictors of motivation to learn when training is mandatory
Machin, M. Anthony and Treloar, Cherylee A.. 2004. "Predictors of motivation to learn when training is mandatory." Katsikitis, Mary (ed.) 39th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2004. Sydney, Australia 29 Sep - 03 Oct 2004 Melbourne, Australia.
Australian public sector employees' commitment to organisational change
Machin, M. Anthony and Bannon, Steven F.. 2005. "Australian public sector employees' commitment to organisational change." Katsikitis, Mary (ed.) 40th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2005. Melbourne, Australia 28 Sep - 02 Oct 2005 Melbourne, Australia.
Benchmarking occupational stressors and strain levels for rural nurses and other health sector workers
Albion, Majella J., Fogarty, Gerard J. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2005. "Benchmarking occupational stressors and strain levels for rural nurses and other health sector workers." Journal of Nursing Management. 13 (5), pp. 411-418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2005.00538.x