Examining the validity of driver prototypes using driving-specific measures of personality and coping

Presentation

Machin, M. Anthony. 2010. "Examining the validity of driver prototypes using driving-specific measures of personality and coping." Mrowinski, Vicky, Kyrios, Michael and Voudouris, Nicholas (ed.) 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP 2010). Melbourne, Australia 11 - 16 Jul 2010 Melbourne, Australia.
Paper/Presentation Title

Examining the validity of driver prototypes using driving-specific measures of personality and coping

Presentation TypePresentation
Authors
AuthorMachin, M. Anthony
EditorsMrowinski, Vicky, Kyrios, Michael and Voudouris, Nicholas
Journal or Proceedings TitleProceedings of the 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP 2010)
Number of Pages2
Year2010
Place of PublicationMelbourne, Australia
ISBN9780909881467
Web Address (URL) of Paperhttp://www.icap2010.com
Conference/Event27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP 2010)
Event Details
27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP 2010)
Event Date
11 to end of 16 Jul 2010
Event Location
Melbourne, Australia
Abstract

This research examines the validity of using driving-specific measures of personality and coping to develop driver prototypes. Previous research has used the Five-factor Model (FFM) of personality to classify drivers into three common configurations: resilient drivers, overcontrolled drivers and under-controlled drivers.
Self-report data from drivers were analysed using cluster analysis in order to determine whether a similar set of patterns emerged when driving-specific measures were used and whether these patterns were linked to driving behaviour and accidents. The 402 participants (323 females; 79 males) were mainly first to third year psychology students. The Driver Stress Inventory (DSI; Matthews, Desmond, Joyner, Carcary, & Gilliland, 1997) measured the following characteristics: Aggression, Hazard
Monitoring, Thrill Seeking, Dislike of Driving, and
Fatigue Proneness. The Driver Coping Questionnaire (DCQ; Matthews, et al., 1997) measured confrontive coping, task-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, reappraisal,
and avoidance. All scales were found to be reliable with coefficient alphas of at least .70. Data were also obtained on the drivers’ level of self-reported speeding (measured using six items with an alpha of .84), their number of near misses in the previous six months (one item), and their number of accidents in the last six
months (one item). A two-step clustering procedure produced a result with three clusters in the solution. Cluster 1 (N = 152) was defined lower task-focused and lower reappraisal) and greater aggression and thrill-seeking. Cluster 2 (N = 150) was defined by more adaptive coping (lower confrontive, higher task-focused and
higher reappraisal), lower aggression and greater hazard monitoring. The third cluster (N = 98) was defined by more moderate scores on the coping scales (apart from a much greater level of emotion-focused coping), higher dislike
of driving, and higher fatigue proneness. Validation against the three outcome measures showed that cluster 2 reported significantly less self-reported speeding than cluster 3 which was significantly less than cluster 1. Cluster 2 also reported significantly smaller number of near misses than clusters 2 and 3. Cluster 2 reported
significantly fewer accidents than cluster 3. The cluster analysis confirmed that three subtypes of drivers can be identified from driver-specific measures of personality and coping. These subtypes differ in their driving behaviour with one cluster being linked with better driving
outcomes (cluster 2) while clusters 3 and 1 were most at risk of adverse outcomes. These clusters may also respond differently to road safety messages particularly as cluster 3 expressed a strong dislike of driving and greater emotional exhaustion from driving.

Keywordspersonality; coping; driver prototypes; big five model of personality
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020520102. Educational psychology
529999. Other psychology not elsewhere classified
520104. Industrial and organisational psychology (incl. human factors)
Public Notes

Speech presentation - only abstracts published in conference proceedings, as supplied here.

Byline AffiliationsDepartment of Psychology
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Machin, M. Anthony and Sankey, Kim S.. 2008. "Relationships between young drivers' personality characteristics, risk perceptions, and driving behaviour." Accident Analysis and Prevention. 40 (2), pp. 541-547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.08.010
The role of workload and driver coping styles in predicting bus drivers' need for recovery, positive and negative affect, and physical symptoms
Machin, M. Anthony and Hoare, P. Nancey. 2008. "The role of workload and driver coping styles in predicting bus drivers' need for recovery, positive and negative affect, and physical symptoms." Anxiety, Stress and Coping. 21 (4), pp. 359-375. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800701766049
Personal effectiveness training for unemployed people: where to now?
Creed, Peter A., Machin, M. Anthony and Nicholls, Pat. 1998. "Personal effectiveness training for unemployed people: where to now?" Australian Journal of Career Development. 7 (1), pp. 30-34.
Investigating the structural validity of Ryff's psychological well-being scales across two samples
Burns, Richard A. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2009. "Investigating the structural validity of Ryff's psychological well-being scales across two samples." Social Indicators Research: an international and interdisciplinary journal for quality-of-life measurement. 93 (2), pp. 359-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9329-1
The impact of informal social support on individual morale, distress, and satisfaction
Beccaria, Gavin and Machin, M. Anthony. 2007. "The impact of informal social support on individual morale, distress, and satisfaction." Moore, Kate (ed.) 42nd Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2007. Brisbane, Australia 25 - 29 Sep 2007 Melbourne, Australia.
Re-evaluating our conception of well-being in an organisational setting
Burns, Richard A. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2007. "Re-evaluating our conception of well-being in an organisational setting." Dollard, Maureen, Winefield, Tony, Tuckey, M. and Winwood, P. (ed.) IOP 2007: Better Work. Better Organisations. Better World. Adelaide, Australia 28 Jun - 01 Jul 2007 Melbourne, Australia.
Attributes of immediate supervisor in promoting trust with employees in a public sector organisation
Goh, Hong Eng, Machin, M. Anthony and Patrick, Jeff. 2007. "Attributes of immediate supervisor in promoting trust with employees in a public sector organisation." Dollard, M., Winefield, T., Tuckey, M. and Winwood, P. (ed.) 7th Industrial & Organisational Psychology Conference and 1st Asia Pacific Congress on Work and Organisational Psychology. Adelaide, Australia 28 Jun - 01 Jul 2007 Melbourne, Australia.
Testing a model of the predictors of change success
Machin, M. Anthony and Albion, Majella J.. 2007. "Testing a model of the predictors of change success." Dollard, M., Winefield, T., Tuckey, M. and Winwood, P. (ed.) 7th Industrial & Organisational Psychology Conference and 1st Asia Pacific Congress on Work and Organisational Psychology. Adelaide, Australia 28 Jun - 01 Jul 2007 Melbourne, Australia.
Understanding the process of transfer of training in the workplace
Machin, M. Anthony. 1999. Understanding the process of transfer of training in the workplace. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Improving mental health status and coping abilities for long-term unemployed youth using cognitive-behaviour therapy based training interventions
Creed, Peter A., Machin, Michael Anthony and Hicks, Richard E.. 1999. "Improving mental health status and coping abilities for long-term unemployed youth using cognitive-behaviour therapy based training interventions." Journal of Organizational Behavior. 20 (6), pp. 963-978. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199911)20:6<963::AID-JOB916>3.0.CO;2-D
Behavioural plasticity and mental health outcomes for long-term unemployed attending occupational training programmes
Creed, P. A., Hicks, R. E. and Machin, M. A.. 1998. "Behavioural plasticity and mental health outcomes for long-term unemployed attending occupational training programmes." Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 71 (2), pp. 171-191.
Examining a non-prescriptive approach to fatigue management in coach drivers
Machin, M. A.. 2003. "Examining a non-prescriptive approach to fatigue management in coach drivers." Reddy, P., Langan-Fox, J. and Code, S. (ed.) 5th Australian Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference 2003: Advancing Creative Solutions in Science and Practice. Melbourne, Australia 26 - 29 Jun 2003 Melbourne, Australia.
Introducing the latent and manifest benefits of employment (LAMB) scale
Muller, J. J., Creed, P. A., Waters, L. and Machin, M. A.. 2003. "Introducing the latent and manifest benefits of employment (LAMB) scale." Reddy, P., Langan-Fox, J. and Code, S. (ed.) 5th Australian Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference 2003: Advancing Creative Solutions in Science and Practice. Melbourne, Australia 26 - 29 Jun 2003 Melbourne,Australia.
Predicting health outcomes and safety behaviour in taxi drivers
Machin, M. A. and De Souza, J. M. D.. 2003. "Predicting health outcomes and safety behaviour in taxi drivers." Reddy, P., Langan-Fox, J. and Code, S. (ed.) 5th Australian Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference 2003: Advancing Creative Solutions in Science and Practice. Melbourne, Australia 26 - 29 Jun 2003 Melbourne, Australia.
The influence of psychological factors on pre-employment activities in the unemployed
Hoare, P. N. and Machin, M. A.. 2003. "The influence of psychological factors on pre-employment activities in the unemployed." Reddy, P., Langan-Fox, J. and Code, S. (ed.) 5th Australian Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference 2003: Advancing Creative Solutions in Science and Practice. Melbourne, Australia 26 - 29 Jun 2003 Melbourne, Australia.
Developing a performance model for express coach drivers as a basis for selection
Kellett, S. M. and Machin, M. A.. 1999. "Developing a performance model for express coach drivers as a basis for selection." Crassini, B. (ed.) 3rd Australian Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference 1999. Brisbane, Australia 26 - 27 Jun 1999 Melbourne, Australia.
The influence of transfer climate and transfer enhancement activities on the implementation of aviation team training
Machin, M. A. and Fogarty, G. J.. 1999. "The influence of transfer climate and transfer enhancement activities on the implementation of aviation team training." Crassini, B. (ed.) 3rd Australian Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference 1999. Brisbane, Australia 26 - 27 Jun 1999 Melbourne, Australia.
Multidimensional properties of the access to categories of experience scale
Creed, Peter A. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2003. "Multidimensional properties of the access to categories of experience scale." European Journal of Psychological Assessment. 19 (2), pp. 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.19.2.85
Predicting occupational strain and job satisfaction: the role of stress, coping, personality, and affectivity variables
Fogarty, Gerard J., Machin, M. Anthony, Albion, Majella J., Sutherland, Lynette F., Lalor, Gabrielle I. and Revitt, Susan. 1999. "Predicting occupational strain and job satisfaction: the role of stress, coping, personality, and affectivity variables." Journal of Vocational Behavior. 54 (3), pp. 429-452. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1670
The development and preliminary testing of a scale to measure the latent and manifest benefits of employment
Muller, Juanita J., Creed, Peter A., Waters, Lea E. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2005. "The development and preliminary testing of a scale to measure the latent and manifest benefits of employment." European Journal of Psychological Assessment. 21 (3), pp. 191-198. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.21.3.191
The relationship of work support and work demands to individual outcomes and absenteeism of rural nurses
Machin, M. Anthony, Fogarty, Gerard J. and Albion, Majella J.. 2004. "The relationship of work support and work demands to individual outcomes and absenteeism of rural nurses." 36th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference. Adelaide, Australia 21 - 24 Sep 2001
Predicting health outcomes and safety behaviour in taxi drivers
Machin, M. Anthony and De Souza, Jillian M. D.. 2004. "Predicting health outcomes and safety behaviour in taxi drivers." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 7 (4-5), pp. 257-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2004.09.004
Maintaining well-being during unemployment: the role of the latent benefits of employment
Hoare, P. Nancey and Machin, M. Anthony. 2006. "Maintaining well-being during unemployment: the role of the latent benefits of employment." Australian Journal of Career Development. 15 (1), pp. 19-27.
Predictors of coach drivers' safety behaviour and health status
Machin, M. Anthony. 2005. "Predictors of coach drivers' safety behaviour and health status." Dorn, Lisa (ed.) 2nd International Conference in Driver Behaviour and Training. Edinburgh, Scotland 15 - 17 Nov 2005 Aldershot, United Kingdom.
Self-esteem, affectivity, and deprivation: predictors of well-being in the unemployed
Hoare, Patricia Nancey and Machin, M. Anthony. 2004. "Self-esteem, affectivity, and deprivation: predictors of well-being in the unemployed." Katsikitis, Mary (ed.) 39th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2004. Sydney, Australia 29 Sep - 03 Oct 2004 Melbourne, Australia.
Predictors of motivation to learn when training is mandatory
Machin, M. Anthony and Treloar, Cherylee A.. 2004. "Predictors of motivation to learn when training is mandatory." Katsikitis, Mary (ed.) 39th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2004. Sydney, Australia 29 Sep - 03 Oct 2004 Melbourne, Australia.
Australian public sector employees' commitment to organisational change
Machin, M. Anthony and Bannon, Steven F.. 2005. "Australian public sector employees' commitment to organisational change." Katsikitis, Mary (ed.) 40th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference 2005. Melbourne, Australia 28 Sep - 02 Oct 2005 Melbourne, Australia.
Benchmarking occupational stressors and strain levels for rural nurses and other health sector workers
Albion, Majella J., Fogarty, Gerard J. and Machin, M. Anthony. 2005. "Benchmarking occupational stressors and strain levels for rural nurses and other health sector workers." Journal of Nursing Management. 13 (5), pp. 411-418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2005.00538.x