Ecological footprint and real income: panel data evidence from the 27 highest emitting countries
Article
Article Title | Ecological footprint and real income: panel data evidence from the 27 highest emitting countries |
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ERA Journal ID | 3231 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Uddin, Gazi Ashir (Author), Salahuddin, Mohammad (Author), Alam, Khorshed (Author) and Gow, Jeff (Author) |
Journal Title | Ecological Indicators |
Journal Citation | 77, pp. 166-175 |
Number of Pages | 10 |
Year | 2017 |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Place of Publication | Netherlands |
ISSN | 1470-160X |
1872-7034 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.01.003 |
Web Address (URL) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X17300031 |
Abstract | This study examines the effects of real income, financial development and trade openness on the ecological footprint (EF) of consumption using a panel data of leading world EF contributors during the period 1991–2012. A number of panel unit root tests confirm that the data are first-difference stationary. Results from Pedroni co-integration tests show that the variables are co-integrated. The panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) method is then employed to estimate the long run association between the variables. The results indicate a positive and significant association between ecological footprint (EF) and real income, and a negative and insignificant impact of trade openness on EF. Financial development is also observed to reduce EF. Afterwards, the group-mean fully modified ordinary least squares method is applied to check the robustness of the DOLS estimates. The findings are partially robust as only real income confirms the positive significant impact on EF. In addition, the vector error correction model supports a unidirectional causal impact running from real income to EF. Finally, findings from variance decomposition analysis and impulse response functions reveal that real income will have an increasing effect on EF for the selected countries into the future. |
Keywords | ecological footprint; real income; financial development; trade openness; footprint of consumption; carbon footprint |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 380105. Environment and resource economics |
440499. Development studies not elsewhere classified | |
380204. Panel data analysis | |
389902. Ecological economics | |
Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
Byline Affiliations | School of Commerce |
Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q3xq6/ecological-footprint-and-real-income-panel-data-evidence-from-the-27-highest-emitting-countries
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