Added-value processing of ‘algae waste': 4th quarterly report

Project report


Trzcinski, Antoine, Hernandez, Ernesto and Webb, Colin. 2011. Added-value processing of ‘algae waste': 4th quarterly report. University of Manchester.
Title

Added-value processing of ‘algae waste': 4th quarterly report

Report TypeProject report
AuthorsTrzcinski, Antoine (Author), Hernandez, Ernesto (Author) and Webb, Colin (Author)
Institution of OriginManchester University
Number of Pages92
Year2011
PublisherUniversity of Manchester
Abstract

Background - This fourth and last report provides the design data for the construction of a full-scale algae plant. These results were obtained during one and a half year study being conducted at the Satake Centre for Grain Process Engineering in the University of Manchester. The study investigated the feasibility of producing value-added products from algae.

Executive summary - The gathering of data from previous reports has been used for the detailed design of a full process pilot plant to utilise the algae wastes. This report is divided in two main sections. The first one details further experiments carried out to obtain the necessary data or information for the design of the full scale plant and the second section consists in a manual for the use of the Excel file where the process has been modelled.

In the experimental section a set of experiments was carried in aerobic and anoxic conditions to see the effect on glucose production. It was shown that it is better to keep the system closed so that we avoid contamination by airborne bacteria. If the system is kept close and there is no contamination then there is no need to flush the headspace with nitrogen. It was also previously shown that mixing was not required and could even be detrimental because it would enhance the transfer of oxygen to potential microorganism. For these reasons it is more sensible to use a plug flow type of reactor instead of a stirred tank. Both systems have however been sized in this report, and it is known that a plug flow would always give a higher conversion than a CSTR for the same volume.
It was also shown that glucose production could not be obtained with solvent-extracted samples which definitely confirm that the process should be carried out before lipids are extracted. The 55°C step was shown to facilitate the subsequent lipid extraction. A maximum lipid yield from algae was 39.85 % on a dry basis. The 55°C step resulted in the breakdown of some proteins which means that about 10 % of total nitrogen ended up in the liquor together with the glucose. This nitrogen will be useful for the growth the oleaginous yeast that will fix the nitrogen into yeast proteins. The residual free amino nitrogen and glucose after the fermentation could be recycled to the pond, so there would be no loss. A test with a rotary disk vacuum filter was carried out to show the feasibility of continuous filtration system. This type of filter gave slightly better results than the vacuum drum filter. The scale up of the process was demonstrated but it was found that contamination will be an issue in the rotary vacuum filter even though we placed it in a box flushed with nitrogen. Therefore, we would recommend keeping the rotary vacuum at 55°C as well.

As far as the microbial oil fermentation step is concerned it was shown that R. turoloides could grow in the glucose rich liquor obtained after the 55°C step and that the yeast could grow without any significant difference in dry cell weight at various concentrations of NaCl up to 55 g/L (seawater: 35 g/L). In fact the microscopic pictures revealed that the cells and the lipid vacuoles were bigger at higher salinity. The growth of the yeast was confirmed in non-sterile environment where bacteria were present.
In the second section of this report the structure of the Excel file is explained. It provides a mass balance and the dimensions of the main units of the flowsheet.

ANZSRC Field of Research 2020310603. Fermentation
310605. Industrial microbiology (incl. biofeedstocks)
310602. Bioprocessing, bioproduction and bioproducts
Public Notes

Confidential.

Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Enhancing sewage sludge anaerobic 're-digestion' with combinations of ultrasonic, ozone and alkaline treatments
Tian, Xinbo, Trzcinski, Antoine Prandota, Lin, Leonard Li and Ng, Wun Jern. 2016. "Enhancing sewage sludge anaerobic 're-digestion' with combinations of ultrasonic, ozone and alkaline treatments." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 4 (4), pp. 4801-4807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.10.032
Characterization and biodegradability of sludge from a high rate A-stage contact tank and B-stage membrane bioreactor of pilot-scale AB system treating municipal wastewaters
Trzcinski, Antoine Prandota, Ganda, Lily, Kunacheva, Chinagarn, Zhang, Dong Qing, Lin, Li Leonard, Tao, Guihe, Lee, Yingjie and Ng, Wun Jern. 2016. "Characterization and biodegradability of sludge from a high rate A-stage contact tank and B-stage membrane bioreactor of pilot-scale AB system treating municipal wastewaters." Water Science and Technology. 74 (7), pp. 1716-1725. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.346
Anaerobic digestion of starch-polyvinyl alcohol biopolymer packaging: biodegradability and environmental impact assessment
Guo, M., Trzcinski, A. P., Stuckey, D. C. and Murphy, R. J.. 2011. "Anaerobic digestion of starch-polyvinyl alcohol biopolymer packaging: biodegradability and environmental impact assessment." Bioresource Technology. 102 (24), pp. 11137-11146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.061
Disinfection performance of adsorption using graphite adsorbent coupled with electrochemical regeneration for various microorganisms present in water
Hussain, S. N., Trzcinski, A. P., Asghar, H. M. A., Sattar, H., Brown, N. W. and Roberts, E. P. L.. 2016. "Disinfection performance of adsorption using graphite adsorbent coupled with electrochemical regeneration for various microorganisms present in water." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 44, pp. 216-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2016.09.009
Impact of ozone assisted ultrasonication pre-treatment on anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge
Tian, Xinbo, Trzcinski, Antoine Prandota, Lin, Li leonard and Ng, Wun Jern. 2015. "Impact of ozone assisted ultrasonication pre-treatment on anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge." Journal of Environmental Sciences. 33, pp. 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.01.003
Glucoamylase production from food waste by solid state fermentation and its evaluation in the hydrolysis of domestic food waste
Kiran, Esra Uckun, Trzcinski, Antoine P. and Liu, Yu. 2014. "Glucoamylase production from food waste by solid state fermentation and its evaluation in the hydrolysis of domestic food waste." Biofuel Research Journal. 1 (3), pp. 98-105.
Characterization of soluble microbial products (SMPs) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating municipal wastewater containing pharmaceutical compounds
Zhang, Dongqing, Trzcinski, Antoine Prandota, Kunacheva, Chinagarn, Stuckey, David C., Liu, Yu, Tan, Soon Keat and Ng, Wun Jern. 2016. "Characterization of soluble microbial products (SMPs) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating municipal wastewater containing pharmaceutical compounds." Water Research. 102, pp. 594-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.059
Treatment of municipal solid waste leachate using a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor at mesophilic and psychrophilic temperatures: analysis of recalcitrants in the permeate using GC-MS
Trzcinski, Antoine P. and Stuckey, David C.. 2010. "Treatment of municipal solid waste leachate using a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor at mesophilic and psychrophilic temperatures: analysis of recalcitrants in the permeate using GC-MS." Water Research. 44 (3), pp. 671-680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.043
Performance of a three-stage membrane bioprocess treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and evolution of its archaeal and bacterial ecology
Trzcinski, Antoine P., Ray, Michael J. and Stuckey, David C.. 2010. "Performance of a three-stage membrane bioprocess treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and evolution of its archaeal and bacterial ecology." Bioresource Technology. 101 (6), pp. 1652-1661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.075
Post-treatment of the permeate of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) treating landfill leachate
Trzcinski, Antoine P., Ofoegbu, Nkechi and Stuckey, David C.. 2011. "Post-treatment of the permeate of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) treating landfill leachate." Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A: Toxic Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering. 46 (13), pp. 1539-1548. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2011.609402
Parameters affecting the stability of the digestate from a two-stage anaerobic process treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste
Trzcinski, Antoine P. and Stuckey, David C.. 2011. "Parameters affecting the stability of the digestate from a two-stage anaerobic process treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste." Waste Management. 31 (7), pp. 1480-1487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.02.015
Enhancing the value of nitrogen from rapeseed meal for microbial oil production
Kiran, Esra Uckun, Salakkama, Apilak, Trzcinski, Antoine P., Bakir, Ufuk and Webb, Colin. 2012. "Enhancing the value of nitrogen from rapeseed meal for microbial oil production." Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 50 (6-7), pp. 337-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.03.004
Determination of the hydrolysis constant in the biochemical methane potential test of municipal solid waste
Trzcinski, Antoine P. and Stuckey, David C.. 2012. "Determination of the hydrolysis constant in the biochemical methane potential test of municipal solid waste." Environmental Engineering Science. 29 (9), pp. 848-854. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2011.0105
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of archaeal and bacterial populations in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating landfill leachate at low temperatures
Trzcinski, Antoine P. and Stuckey, David C.. 2012. "Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of archaeal and bacterial populations in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating landfill leachate at low temperatures." Environmental Engineering Science. 29 (4), pp. 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2011.0003
Anaerobic toxicity assay of plasticisers
Trzcinski, Antoine P., Ofoegbu, Nkechi and Stuckey, David. 2012. "Anaerobic toxicity assay of plasticisers." Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A: Toxic Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering. 47 (8), pp. 1082-1086. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2012.668029
A novel process for enhancing oil production in algae biorefineries through bioconversion of solid by-products
Trzcinski, Antoine P., Hernandez, Ernesto and Webb, Colin. 2012. "A novel process for enhancing oil production in algae biorefineries through bioconversion of solid by-products." Bioresource Technology. 116, pp. 295-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.078
Microbial oil produced from biodiesel by-products could enhance overall production
Kiran, Esra Uckun, Trzcinski, Antoine and Webb, Colin. 2013. "Microbial oil produced from biodiesel by-products could enhance overall production." Bioresource Technology. 129, pp. 650-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.152
Metabolomic profiling of Rhodosporidium toruloides grown on glycerol for carotenoid production during different growth phases
Lee, Jaslyn Jie Lin, Chen, Liwei, Shi, Jiahua, Trzcinski, Antoine and Chen, Wei-Ning. 2014. "Metabolomic profiling of Rhodosporidium toruloides grown on glycerol for carotenoid production during different growth phases." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 62 (41), pp. 10203-10209. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf502987q
Interpreting the synergistic effect in combined ultrasonication-ozonation sewage sludge pre-treatment
Tian, Xinbo, Wang, Chong, Trzcinski, Antoine Prandota, Lin, Leonard and Ng, Wun Jern. 2015. "Interpreting the synergistic effect in combined ultrasonication-ozonation sewage sludge pre-treatment." Chemosphere. 140, pp. 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.007
Enzyme production from food wastes using a biorefinery concept
Kiran, Esra Uckun, Trzcinski, Antoine P., Ng, Wun Jern and Liu, Yu. 2014. "Enzyme production from food wastes using a biorefinery concept." Waste and Biomass Valorization. 5 (6), pp. 903-917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-014-9311-x
Identification of recalcitrant compounds in a pilot-scale AB system: an adsorption (A) stage followed by a biological (B) stage to treat municipal wastewater
Trzcinski, Antoine Prandota, Ganda, Lily, Ni, Annie Soh Yan, Kunacheva, Chinagarn, Zhang, Dong Qing, Lin, Li Leonard, Tao, Guihe, Lee, Yingjie and Ng, Wun Jern. 2016. "Identification of recalcitrant compounds in a pilot-scale AB system: an adsorption (A) stage followed by a biological (B) stage to treat municipal wastewater." Bioresource Technology. 206, pp. 121-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.048
Inorganic fouling of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating leachate from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and a polishing aerobic membrane bioreactor
Trzcinski, Antoine P. and Stuckey, David C.. 2016. "Inorganic fouling of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating leachate from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and a polishing aerobic membrane bioreactor." Bioresource Technology. 204, pp. 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.074
Effect of sparging rate on permeate quality in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) treating leachate from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW)
Trzcinski, Antoine P. and Stuckey, David C.. 2016. "Effect of sparging rate on permeate quality in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) treating leachate from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW)." Journal of Environmental Management. 168, pp. 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.055
Enhancing the hydrolysis and methane production potential of mixed food waste by an effective enzymatic pretreatment
Kiran, Esra Uckun, Trzcinski, Antoine P. and Liu, Yu. 2015. "Enhancing the hydrolysis and methane production potential of mixed food waste by an effective enzymatic pretreatment." Bioresource Technology. 183, pp. 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.033
Platform chemicals production from food wastes using a biorefinery concept
Kiran, Esra Uckun, Trzcinski, Antoine P. and Liu, Yu. 2015. "Platform chemicals production from food wastes using a biorefinery concept." Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 90 (8), pp. 1364-1379. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4551
Insights on the solubilization products after combined alkaline and ultrasonic pre-treatment of sewage sludge
Tian, Xinbo, Wang, Chong, Trzcinski, Antoine Prandota, Lin, Leonard and Ng, Wun Jern. 2015. "Insights on the solubilization products after combined alkaline and ultrasonic pre-treatment of sewage sludge." Journal of Environmental Sciences. 29, pp. 97-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2014.07.024
Contribution of acetic acid to the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass under abiotic conditions
Trzcinski, Antoine P. and Stuckey, David C.. 2015. "Contribution of acetic acid to the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass under abiotic conditions." Bioresource Technology. 185, pp. 441-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.016
Combined ultrasonication and thermal pre-treatment of sewage sludge for increasing methane production
Trzcinski, Antoine Prandota, Tian, Xinbo, Wang, Chong, Lin, Leonard Li and Ng, Wun Jern. 2015. "Combined ultrasonication and thermal pre-treatment of sewage sludge for increasing methane production." Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A: Toxic Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering. 50 (2), pp. 213-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2014.975561
Combined ultrasonication and enzymatic pretreatment of waste activated sludge prior to anaerobic digestion
Trzcinski, Antoine Prandota, Wang, Chong, Tian, Xinbo, Abdul Majid, Maszenan Bin and Ng, Wun Jern. 2014. Combined ultrasonication and enzymatic pretreatment of waste activated sludge prior to anaerobic digestion. International Application No.: PCT/SG2014/000131
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of archaeal and bacterial populations in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAMBR) treating landfill leachate at low temperatures (PowerPoint)
Trzcinski, A. P. and Stuckey, D. C.. 2010. "Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of archaeal and bacterial populations in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAMBR) treating landfill leachate at low temperatures (PowerPoint)." 12th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion (AD12) 2010. Guadalajara, Mexico
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of archaeal and bacterial populations in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAMBR) treating landfill leachate at low temperatures
Trzcinski, A. P. and Stuckey, D. C.. 2010. "Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of archaeal and bacterial populations in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAMBR) treating landfill leachate at low temperatures." 12th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion (AD12) 2010. Guadalajara, Mexico
Continuous treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in an anaerobic two-stage membrane process (PowerPoint)
Trzcinski, A. and Stuckey, D.. 2008. "Continuous treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in an anaerobic two-stage membrane process (PowerPoint)." 5th International Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Wastes and Energy Crops (ISAD-SW&EC 2008). Hammamet, Tunisia 25 - 28 May 2008
Continuous treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in an anaerobic two-stage membrane process (Paper)
Trzcinski, A. P. and Stuckey, D. C.. 2008. "Continuous treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in an anaerobic two-stage membrane process (Paper)." 5th International Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Wastes and Energy Crops (ISAD-SW&EC 2008). Hammamet, Tunisia 25 - 28 May 2008
Batch treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in an anaerobic two-stage membrane process
Trzcinski, A. P. and Stuckey, D. C.. 2007. "Batch treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in an anaerobic two-stage membrane process." 11th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion (AD11): Bioenergy for our Future. Brisbane, Australia 23 - 27 Sep 2007