On the distribution and speciation of arsenic in the soil-plant-system of a rice field in West-Bengal, India: a μ-synchrotron techniques based case study

Article

Kramar, U., Norra, S., Berner, Z., Kiczka, M. and Chandrasekharam, D.. 2017. "On the distribution and speciation of arsenic in the soil-plant-system of a rice field in West-Bengal, India: a μ-synchrotron techniques based case study." Applied Geochemistry. 77 (1), pp. 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.11.006
Article Title

On the distribution and speciation of arsenic in the soil-plant-system of a rice field in West-Bengal, India: a μ-synchrotron techniques based case study

ERA Journal ID1892
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsKramar, U. (Author), Norra, S. (Author), Berner, Z. (Author), Kiczka, M. (Author) and Chandrasekharam, D. (Author)
Journal TitleApplied Geochemistry
Journal Citation77 (1), pp. 4-14
Number of Pages11
Year2017
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN0883-2927
1872-9134
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.11.006
Web Address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S088329271530072X
Abstract

Worldwide, West-Bengal is one of the areas most affected by elevated levels of arsenic in groundwater (50–3000 μg/l). This groundwater does not only endanger humans owing to its use as drinking water. More and above that, irrigation of rice paddies consumes huge quantities of arsenic contaminated groundwater. Consequently, arsenic accumulates in soil and endangers the nutrition chain via arsenic uptake by plants. Rice is one of the staple foods in this region. Lately, there is a considerable intensification of research on the fate of arsenic in affected agricultural systems with most of them resorting to bulk analytical methods. However, so far, knowledge on the μ-scale distribution of arsenic in soil and plants in such agricultural systems is rather limited. This case study combined μ-synchrotron studies on soil, rice root and rice grain from a rice paddy irrigated with groundwater containing about 519 μg/L As. The investigation of a soil aggregate has shown that As is mainly associated with Fe and is not equally distributed over the whole aggregate but occurs in local enrichments of few tens μm in size. In soil, As was mainly associated with Fe-(oxy)hydroxides. Rice root coatings consisted of a similar assemblage of arsenic bearing minerals. Furthermore the incorporation of soil matter in the coating could be shown. On μm-scale, As concentrations in rice root coatings showed an inhomogeneous, patchy distribution (100–2400 mg/kg; median 500 mg/kg) and correlated with Fe concentrations. Some small amounts of arsenic could also be detected in the interior of the root (3–60 mg/kg; median 21 mg/kg). In the rice grain, trace elements such as Zn and Cu were mainly enriched along the grain coating, while As in contrast showed the highest concentrations in the germ and some hot spots in the coating (up to 13 mg/kg). Thus, peeling of rice grain would remove some, but not all of the arsenic.

Keywordsarsenic, oryza sativa, arsenic accumulation, India
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020410699. Soil sciences not elsewhere classified
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Byline AffiliationsKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
Indian Institute of Technology, India
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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