Distinguishing Trait and State Competitiveness in University Students Using Generalizability Theory

Article

Medvedev, Oleg N., Wang, Grace Y., Krägeloh, Christian U. and Zhao, Qingbai. 2025. "Distinguishing Trait and State Competitiveness in University Students Using Generalizability Theory." Discover Psychology. 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-025-00486-6
Article Title

Distinguishing Trait and State Competitiveness in University Students Using Generalizability Theory

Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsMedvedev, Oleg N., Wang, Grace Y., Krägeloh, Christian U. and Zhao, Qingbai
Journal TitleDiscover Psychology
Journal Citation5
Article Number126
Number of Pages13
Year2025
PublisherSpringer
Place of PublicationSwitzerland
ISSN2731-4537
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-025-00486-6
Web Address (URL)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44202-025-00486-6
Abstract

During transition to adulthood, competitiveness can significantly influence an individual’s success in academic, professional, and social contexts. This study applied the Revised Competitiveness Index (RCI) to a sample of 227 individuals aged 18 to 29, measuring competitiveness across three time intervals, each separated by three weeks, to assess the stability of this trait using generalizability theory. Findings indicate that competitiveness, as measured by the RCI, exhibits significant consistency across time points, underscoring its presence as a stable trait rather than a fluctuating state. The results suggest that competitiveness remains a persistent characteristic within this demographic, potentially aiding in identifying individuals with a natural disposition toward competitive environments. Efforts to delineate state competitiveness through the index items proved less fruitful. This research accentuates the importance of considering competitiveness trait within young adults, with implications for designing educational and professional interventions aimed at recognising and nurturing competitive strengths in youth.

KeywordsCompetitiveness; Youth; Revised competitiveness index; Generalizability theory; State; Trait
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020520108. Testing, assessment and psychometrics
520102. Educational psychology
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Waikato, New Zealand
School of Psychology and Wellbeing
Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Central China Normal University, China
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Methadone Maintenance Treatment and Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review
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Some light in the fog?
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How well do selection tools predict performance later in a medical programme?
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Rethinking the admission criteria to nursing school
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Bipolar disorder and medical adherence: A Chinese perspective
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