Telomere Length Maintenance and Cardio-Metabolic Disease Prevention Through Exercise Training

Article


Denham, Joshua, O'Brien, Brendan J. and Charchar, Fadi J.. 2016. "Telomere Length Maintenance and Cardio-Metabolic Disease Prevention Through Exercise Training." Sports Medicine. 46 (9), pp. 1213-1237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0482-4
Article Title

Telomere Length Maintenance and Cardio-Metabolic Disease
Prevention Through Exercise Training

ERA Journal ID9811
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsDenham, Joshua (Author), O'Brien, Brendan J. (Author) and Charchar, Fadi J. (Author)
Journal TitleSports Medicine
Journal Citation46 (9), pp. 1213-1237
Number of Pages25
Year2016
PublisherSpringer
Place of PublicationNew Zealand
ISSN0112-1642
1179-2035
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0482-4
Web Address (URL)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-016-0482-4
Abstract

Telomeres are tandem repeat DNA sequences located at distal ends of chromosomes that protect against genomic DNA degradation and chromosomal instability. Excessive telomere shortening leads to cellular senescence and for this reason telomere length is a marker of biological age. Abnormally short telomeres may culminate in the manifestation of a number of cardio-metabolic diseases. Age-related cardio-metabolic diseases attributable to an inactive lifestyle, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, are associated with short leukocyte telomeres. Exercise training prevents and manages the symptoms of many cardio-metabolic diseases whilst concurrently maintaining telomere length. The positive relationship between exercise training, physical fitness and telomere length raises the possibility of a mediating role of telomeres in chronic disease prevention via exercise. Further elucidation of the underpinning molecular mechanisms of how exercise maintains telomere length should provide crucial information on how physical activity can be best structured to combat the chronic disease epidemic and improve the human health span. Here, we synthesise and discuss the current evidence on the impact of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on telomere dynamics. We provide the molecular mechanisms with a known role in exercise-induced telomere length maintenance and highlight unexplored, alternative pathways ripe for future investigations.

KeywordsAging; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Cardiovascular Diseases; Exercise; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Physical Endurance; Telomerase; Telomere Homeostasis; Telomere-Binding Proteins
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020310599. Genetics not elsewhere classified
420702. Exercise physiology
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of New England
Federation University
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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