Exercise training increases telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression and telomerase activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Article

Denham, Joshua and Sellami, Maha. 2021. "Exercise training increases telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression and telomerase activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Ageing Research Reviews. 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101411
Article Title

Exercise training increases telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression and telomerase activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ERA Journal ID39808
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsDenham, Joshua (Author) and Sellami, Maha (Author)
Journal TitleAgeing Research Reviews
Journal Citation70
Article Number101411
Number of Pages13
Year2021
Place of PublicationIreland
ISSN1568-1637
1872-9649
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101411
Web Address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163721001586?via%3Dihub
Abstract

Telomeres protect genomic stability and shortening is one of the hallmarks of ageing. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the major protein component of telomerase, which elongates telomeres. Given that short telomeres are linked to a host of chronic diseases and the therapeutic potential of telomerase-based therapies as treatments and a strategy to extend lifespan, lifestyle factors that increase TERT gene expression and telomerase activity could attenuate telomere attrition and contribute to healthy biological ageing.

Physical activity and maximal aerobic fitness are associated with telomere maintenance, yet the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the influence of a single bout of exercise and long-term exercise training on TERT expression and telomerase activity. A search of human and rodent trials using the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Embase databases was performed.

Based on findings from the identified and eligible trials, both a single bout of exercise (n; standardised mean difference [95%CI]: 5; SMD: 1.19 [0.41–1.97], p = 0.003) and long-term exercise training (10; 0.31 [0.03–0.60], p = 0.03) up-regulates TERT and telomerase activity in non-cancerous somatic cells. As human and rodent studies were included in the meta-analyses both exhibited heterogeneity (I2 = 55–87%, p < 0.05). Endurance athletes also exhibited increased leukocyte TERT and telomerase activity compared to their inactive counterparts. These findings suggest exercise training as an inexpensive lifestyle factor that increases TERT expression and telomerase activity. Regular exercise training could attenuate telomere attrition through a telomerase-dependent mechanism and ultimately extend health-span and longevity.

Keywordstelomere; biological ageing; senescence; TERT
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420702. Exercise physiology
319999. Other biological sciences not elsewhere classified
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Byline AffiliationsRoyal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT)
Qatar University, Qatar
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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