Descriptive epidemiology of Spotty Liver Disease in Australian cage-free brown egg layer chicken flocks with a scratch area

Article

Groves, Peter J., Gao, Yuanshuo K., Kotiw, Michael, Eastwood, Sarah, Van, T. T. Hao Van, Moore, Robert J. and Muir, Wendy I.. 2024. "Descriptive epidemiology of Spotty Liver Disease in Australian cage-free brown egg layer chicken flocks with a scratch area." Poultry Science. 103 (8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.103941
Article Title

Descriptive epidemiology of Spotty Liver Disease in Australian cage-free brown egg layer chicken flocks with a scratch area

ERA Journal ID5457
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsGroves, Peter J., Gao, Yuanshuo K., Kotiw, Michael, Eastwood, Sarah, Van, T. T. Hao Van, Moore, Robert J. and Muir, Wendy I.
Journal TitlePoultry Science
Journal Citation103 (8)
Article Number103941
Number of Pages12
Year2024
PublisherElsevier
Place of PublicationNetherlands
ISSN0032-5791
1525-3171
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.103941
Web Address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579124005200
Abstract

Spotty Liver Disease (SLD), caused by Campylobacter hepaticus or C. bilis infection in adult female chickens continues to emerge as a major disease problem in cage-free production systems. Free range production has become the predominant system in Australian egg production and SLD is widespread in these farms. Previous studies have identified having a scratch area as a key determinant for SLD occurrence. An Australia-wide survey of egg production flocks with scratch areas was conducted regarding SLD including 48 individual flocks. Descriptive information on the facilities and flock management practices was reported. The incidence of SLD, age of first outbreak, initial mortality rate, duration of elevated mortality, and magnitude and duration of any associated egg production decline are described. Recurrence of SLD in the same flock was also reported and discussed. Therapies applied were recorded and assessed across SLD severity and duration. SLD occurred in 66.7% of layer flocks whose facility included a scratch area. Recurrent SLD outbreaks occurred in 31% of flocks experiencing SLD. Antibiotic medication reduced duration of mortality and egg production decline. Antibiotic therapy was associated with reduced duration of mortality and a less severe and shorter duration of egg production drops compared to untreated flocks. PCR detection of C. hepaticus in cloacal swabs and house dust samples and a serological ELISA test were compared and evaluated as diagnostic aids or as possible predictors of SLD outbreaks. The ELISA showed substantial agreement with detection of C. hepaticus in cloacal swabs by PCR. Examining composite house dust samples by PCR for C. hepaticus DNA appeared to be the most convenient and cost-effective aid to diagnosis and as a putative predictor for SLD outbreaks.

Keywordscampylobacter hepaticus; epidemiology; recurrence; treatment
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020320799. Medical microbiology not elsewhere classified
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Sydney
University College of Southern Queensland
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT)
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