Detection, characterization, and persistence of Campylobacter hepaticus, the cause of spotty liver disease in layer hens

Article


Courtice, Jodi M., Ahmad, Tarek B., Wei, Chuanyu, Mahdi, Layla K., Palmieri, Chiara, Juma, Sarah, Groves, Peter J., Hancock, Kerry, Korolik, Victoria, Petrovsky, Nikolai and Kotiw, Michael. 2023. "Detection, characterization, and persistence of Campylobacter hepaticus, the cause of spotty liver disease in layer hens." Poultry Science. 102 (7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.102462
Article Title

Detection, characterization, and persistence of Campylobacter hepaticus, the cause of spotty liver disease in layer hens

ERA Journal ID5457
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsCourtice, Jodi M., Ahmad, Tarek B., Wei, Chuanyu, Mahdi, Layla K., Palmieri, Chiara, Juma, Sarah, Groves, Peter J., Hancock, Kerry, Korolik, Victoria, Petrovsky, Nikolai and Kotiw, Michael
Journal TitlePoultry Science
Journal Citation102 (7)
Article Number102462
Number of Pages7
Year2023
PublisherElsevier
Place of PublicationNetherlands
ISSN0032-5791
1525-3171
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.102462
Web Address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579122007568
Abstract

A Campylobacter species was first described as the etiological agent of Spotty Liver Disease (SLD) in 2015 and subsequently named as Campylobacter hepaticus in 2016. The bacterium predominantly affects barn and/or free-range hens at peak lay, is fastidious and difficult to isolate, which has impeded elucidation of its sources, means of persistence and transmission. Ten farms from South-Eastern Australia, of which 7 were free range entities participated in the study. A total of 1,404 specimens from layers and 201 from environmental sources, were examined for the presence of C. hepaticus. In this study, our principal findings included the continuing detection of C. hepaticus infection in a flock following an outbreak, indicating a possible transition of infected hens to asymptomatic carriers, that was also characterized by no further occurrence of SLD in the flock. We also report that the first outbreaks of SLD on newly commissioned free-range farms affected layers ranging from 23 to 74 wk of age, while subsequent outbreaks in replacement flocks on these farms occurred during the more conventional peak lay period (23–32 wk of age). Finally, we report that in the on-farm environment, C. hepaticus DNA was detected in layer feces, inert elements such as stormwater, mud, soil, as well as in fauna such as flies, red mites, Darkling beetles, and rats. While in off-farm locations, the bacterium was detected in feces from a variety of wild birds and a canine.

Keywordsspotty liver disease; layer hen; Campylobacter hepaticus
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300304. Animal protection (incl. pests and pathogens)
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Southern Queensland
University of South Australia
University of Queensland
University of Sydney
Griffith University
Flinders University
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