A contemporary snapshot of consumer attitudes to sport sponsorship in Australia

Paper

Fullerton, Sam, Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Garland, Ron. 2008. "A contemporary snapshot of consumer attitudes to sport sponsorship in Australia." James, Jeffrey, Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa (ed.) 6th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Bridging the Gap: Bringing the World Down Under 6th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference (SMA 2008). Gold Coast, Australia 17 - 19 Jul 2008 Toowoomba, Australia.
Paper/Presentation Title

A contemporary snapshot of consumer attitudes to sport sponsorship in Australia

Presentation TypePaper
AuthorsFullerton, Sam (Author), Johnson Morgan, Melissa (Author) and Garland, Ron (Author)
EditorsJames, Jeffrey, Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa
Journal or Proceedings TitleProceedings of the 6th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Bridging the Gap: Bringing the World Down Under
Number of Pages10
Year2008
Place of PublicationToowoomba, Australia
ISBN9780646509419
Web Address (URL) of Paperhttp://www.sportmarketingassociation.com/2008conference.htm
Conference/Event6th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Bridging the Gap: Bringing the World Down Under 6th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference (SMA 2008)
Event Details
6th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Bridging the Gap: Bringing the World Down Under 6th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference (SMA 2008)
Event Date
17 to end of 19 Jul 2008
Event Location
Gold Coast, Australia
Abstract

[Abstract]: A sample of 440 heads-of-households in Australia documented a diversity of opinion in regard to 21 statements about various aspects of sports sponsorship. In general, it could be concluded that opinions were positive overall, but that there were a number of concerns. When the sample was split into demographic groups, several significant differences were identified.

Keywordssponsorship, Australia, consumer attitudes, demographics
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020350699. Marketing not elsewhere classified
350606. Marketing research methodology
Public Notes

File reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher/author.

Byline AffiliationsEastern Michigan University, United States
Department of Marketing and Tourism
University of Waikato, New Zealand
Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/9yyx6/a-contemporary-snapshot-of-consumer-attitudes-to-sport-sponsorship-in-australia

Log in to edit

Download files

Submitted Version
Fullerton_Johnson_Morgan_Garland_AO.pdf
File access level: Anyone

  • 2399
    total views
  • 773
    total downloads
  • 0
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

The impact of digital communications on consumer perceptions of sport celebrity transgressions
Sassenberg, Anne-Marie, Summers, Jane, Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Hassan, Rumman. 2018. "The impact of digital communications on consumer perceptions of sport celebrity transgressions." Journal of Global Sport Management. 3 (2), pp. 189-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2018.1457968
The effects of cooperative learning on students’ perceptions of empowerment in accounting course
Zraa, Wahida, Kavanagh, Marie and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2012. "The effects of cooperative learning on students’ perceptions of empowerment in accounting course." 16th International Business Research Conference. Dubai, UAE 12 - 13 Apr 2012 Melbourne, Australia.
Consumer behaviour: implications for marketing strategy, 5th ed.
Summers, Jane, Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Volkov, Michael. 2007. "Consumer behaviour: implications for marketing strategy, 5th ed." Quester, Pascale, Neal, Cathy, Pettigrew, Simone, Grimmer, Martin, Davis, Teresa and Hawkins, Del I. (ed.) Consumer behaviour: implications for marketing strategy, 5th ed.. Sydney, Australia. McGraw-Hill Australia.
Mood and involvement as dual constructs in experiential research
Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Summers, Jane. 2003. "Mood and involvement as dual constructs in experiential research." 2003 World Marketing Congress: Marketing Across Borders and Boundaries. Perth, Australia United Kindom.
The relationships between students' empowerment, students' performance, accounting course perceptions and classroom instruction in accounting
Zraa, Wahida, Imran, Sophia, Kavanagh, Marie and Morgan, Melissa. 2011. "The relationships between students' empowerment, students' performance, accounting course perceptions and classroom instruction in accounting." 15th International Business Research Conference. Sydney, Australia 21 - 23 Nov 2011 Melbourne, Australia.
A comparison study of Libyan and Australian accounting students in their perceptions of empowerment
Zraa, Wahida, Kavanagh, Marie and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2012. "A comparison study of Libyan and Australian accounting students in their perceptions of empowerment." 2012 Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand Conference (2012 AFAANZ). Melbourne, Australia 01 - 03 Jul 2012 Melbourne, Australia. Accounting & Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand.
The changing status of higher education in the ‘moronic inferno’
Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Finkelstein, Joanne. 2017. "The changing status of higher education in the ‘moronic inferno’." Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education. 21 (4), pp. 144-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603108.2016.1181118
Food festivals, food marketing and the re-invention of a rural community
Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2015. "Food festivals, food marketing and the re-invention of a rural community." Journal of New Business Ideas and Trends. 13 (2), pp. 57-72.
Consumption
Finkelstein, Joanne and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2015. "Consumption." Huppatz, Kate, Matthews, Amie and Hawkins, Mary (ed.) Identity and belonging. Hasmpshire, United Kingdom. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 168-179
The impact of cooperative learning and empowerment on the performance of first-year accounting students
Zraa, Wahida, Kavanagh, Marie and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2013. "The impact of cooperative learning and empowerment on the performance of first-year accounting students." Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing. 9 (3), pp. 348-355.
An empirical evaluation of information sharing between Australia-Singapore beef organisations in light of trust and ICT diffusion
Al-Hakim, Latif, Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Chau, Roberta. 2014. "An empirical evaluation of information sharing between Australia-Singapore beef organisations in light of trust and ICT diffusion." International Journal of e-Collaboration. 10 (3), pp. 1-29. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2014070101
Conceptualising a framework for sustainable decision making for sport funding in regional government
Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Summers, Jane. 2012. "Conceptualising a framework for sustainable decision making for sport funding in regional government." 10th Annual Sports Marketing Association Conference: Celebrating a Decade of Magic (SMA 2012). Orlando, FL. United States 24 - 27 Oct 2012 Morgantown, WV. United States.
A comparison of Libyan and Australian students' perceptions of empowerment in accounting courses
Zraa, Wahida, Kavanagh, Marie and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2012. "A comparison of Libyan and Australian students' perceptions of empowerment in accounting courses." Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing. 8 (11), pp. 1611-1622.
The effects of cooperative learning on students' empowerment and professional accounting competencies in introductory accounting course
Zraa, Wahida, Kavanagh, Marie and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2012. "The effects of cooperative learning on students' empowerment and professional accounting competencies in introductory accounting course." Jahan, Nuha (ed.) 7th Annual London Business Research Conference: Research for Advancement. London, United Kingdom 09 - 10 Jul 2012 Merlbourne, Australia.
A sport celebrity brand image: a conceptual model
Sassenberg, Anne-Marie, Verreynne, Martie-Louise and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2012. "A sport celebrity brand image: a conceptual model." International Journal of Organisational Behaviour. 17 (2), pp. 108-121.
Sustainability of sport in regional Australia: conceptualising a framework for analysis and decision making
Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Summers, Jane. 2012. "Sustainability of sport in regional Australia: conceptualising a framework for analysis and decision making." International Journal of Organisational Behaviour. 17 (2), pp. 49-55.
Conceptualising a framework for sport sustainability analysis in regional local governments
Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Summers, Jane. 2011. "Conceptualising a framework for sport sustainability analysis in regional local governments." Building Business Communities: Justice, Performance and Change Creating a Sustainable Scholarly Community Colloquia (2011). Brisbane, Australia 09 Nov 2011 Toowoomba, Australia.
Why some people pay for pleasure when others do not: a preliminary study of skaters
Young, Jared, Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2006. "Why some people pay for pleasure when others do not: a preliminary study of skaters." Fullerton, Sam and Moore, David (ed.) International Conference of the Academy of Business Administration (2005). Prague, Czech Republic 03 - 07 Aug 2005 Ypsilanti, Michigan , USA.
The relationship between organisational structure and marketing success: an analysis of Australian Rules Football clubs
Johnson Morgan, Melissa, Summers, Jane and West, Kristy. 2007. "The relationship between organisational structure and marketing success: an analysis of Australian Rules Football clubs." Pitts, Brenda G. (ed.) 3rd Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Sport Marketing in the New Millennium (SMA 2005). Tempe, Arizona 10 - 12 Nov 2005 Morgantown, WV. United States.
Consumer complaint behaviour in sport consumption: a theoretical model
Volkov, Michael, Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2005. "Consumer complaint behaviour in sport consumption: a theoretical model." Purchase, Sharon (ed.) Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (ANZMAC 2005): Broadening the Boundaries. Fremantle, Australia 05 - 07 Dec 2005 Fremantle, Western Australia.
Enhancing customer loyalty to shopping centres through special event entertainment: the mediating role of hedonic value?
Sit, Jason, Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Ekinci, Yuksel. 2010. "Enhancing customer loyalty to shopping centres through special event entertainment: the mediating role of hedonic value?" Garaus, Marion, Weitzl, Wolfgang, Wolfsteiner, Elisabeth and Zimprich, Magdalena (ed.) 4th German French Austrian Conference on Quantitive Marketing (GFA 2010): New Directions New Insights. Vienna, Austria 16 - 18 Sep 2010 Vienna, Austria.
Australian consumers' attitudes about sports sponsorship during an economic downturn
Fullerton, Sam, Neale, Larry and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2010. "Australian consumers' attitudes about sports sponsorship during an economic downturn." Schwartz, Eric (ed.) 8th Annual Sports Marketing Association Conference: Sport Marketing Strategies in Hard Times (SMA 2010). New Orleans, United States 26 - 29 Oct 2010 New Orleans, United States.
The pitfalls of publicizing ethics research
Neale, Larry, Fullerton, Sam and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2010. "The pitfalls of publicizing ethics research." Kehoe, W. and Whitten, L. (ed.) 2010 Annual Conference of the Society for Marketing Advances: Going Green - Best Marketing Practices for a Global World. Atlanta, United States of America 03 - 06 Nov 2010 United States.
Scandals, sports and sponsors: what impact do sport celebrity transgressions have on consumer's perceptions of the celebrity's brand image and the brand image of their sponsors?
Sassenberg, Anne-Marie and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2010. "Scandals, sports and sponsors: what impact do sport celebrity transgressions have on consumer's perceptions of the celebrity's brand image and the brand image of their sponsors?" Schwartz, Eric (ed.) 8th Annual Sports Marketing Association Conference: Sport Marketing Strategies in Hard Times (SMA 2010). New Orleans, United States 26 - 29 Oct 2010 New Orleans, United States.
Defining the experiential value of auxiliary special events in shopping centres: a shopper's perspective
Sit, Jason and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2009. "Defining the experiential value of auxiliary special events in shopping centres: a shopper's perspective." EAERCD 2009: 15th Annual Conference of European Association for Education and Research in Commercial Distribution. Guildford, United Kingdom 15 - 17 Jul 2009 Surrey, UK.
Rugby League: a game in crisis
Summers, Jane, Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Volkov, Michael. 2005. "Rugby League: a game in crisis." Pitts, Brenda G. (ed.) 2nd Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Where Sport Marketing Theory meets Practice (SMA 2004). Memphis, TN, United States 18 - 20 Nov 2004 Morgantown, WV. United States.
Consumer complaint behaviour in sport consumption
Volkov, Michael, Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Summers, Jane. 2005. "Consumer complaint behaviour in sport consumption." Pitts, Brenda G. (ed.) 2nd Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Where Sport Marketing Theory meets Practice (SMA 2004). Memphis, TN, United States 18 - 20 Nov 2004 Morgantown, WV. United States.
Experiential consumption behaviour in sport: a suggested methodology
Johnson Morgan, Melissa, Jocumsen, Graham and West, Kristy. 2004. "Experiential consumption behaviour in sport: a suggested methodology." ANZMAC 2004: Marketing Accountabilities and Responsibilities. Wellington, New Zealand 29 Nov - 01 Dec 2004 Wellington, New Zealand.
Understanding the motivations of teenagers for sport related consumption
Kanoyangwa, Ranganai, Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2004. "Understanding the motivations of teenagers for sport related consumption." Wiley, Jim and Thirkell, Peter (ed.) ANZMAC 2004: Marketing Accountabilities and Responsibilities. Wellington, New Zealand 29 Nov - 01 Dec 2004 Wellington, New Zealand.
A cross national analysis of sport consumption
Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2004. "A cross national analysis of sport consumption." Pitts, Brenda G. (ed.) Inaugural Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Sharing Best Practices in Sport Marketing (SMA 2003). Florida, United States 13 - 15 Nov 2003 Morgantown, WV. USA.
Sport consumption: exploring the duality of constructs in experiential research
Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Summers, Jane. 2004. "Sport consumption: exploring the duality of constructs in experiential research." Pitts, Brenda G. (ed.) Inaugural Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Sharing Best Practices in Sport Marketing (SMA 2003). Florida, United States 13 - 15 Nov 2003 Morgantown, W. Va..
Sports marketing in an economic quagmire
Fullerton, Sam and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2009. "Sports marketing in an economic quagmire." 7th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference (SMA 2009). Cleveland, Ohio 28 - 30 Oct 2009 Memphis, TN, USA.
Sports marketing
Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Summers, Jane. 2005. Sports marketing. South Melbourne, Australia. Thomson Nelson Australia Pty Ltd.
Sports consumption behaviour among generation Y in mainland China
Johnson Morgan, Melissa, Summers, Jane and Jocumsen, Graham. 2008. "Sports consumption behaviour among generation Y in mainland China." Ghose, Amitabha (ed.) Dynamics of sports marketing. Hyderabad, India. Icfai University Press. pp. 118-127
The impact of negative publicity on: an individual sporting celebrity's brand DNA; the brand DNA of their associated team and/or sport; and attitudes of their sponsors and partners
Johnson Morgan, Melissa, Summers, Jane and Sassenberg, Anne-Marie. 2008. "The impact of negative publicity on: an individual sporting celebrity's brand DNA; the brand DNA of their associated team and/or sport; and attitudes of their sponsors and partners." James, Jeffrey, Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa (ed.) 6th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Bridging the Gap: Bringing the World Down Under 6th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference (SMA 2008). Gold Coast, Australia 17 - 19 Jul 2008 Toowoomba, Australia.
The role of nostalgia in determining consumers' sport team identification
Volkov, Michael, Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Summers, Jane. 2008. "The role of nostalgia in determining consumers' sport team identification." James, Jeffrey, Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa (ed.) 6th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Bridging the Gap: Bringing the World Down Under 6th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference (SMA 2008). Gold Coast, Australia 17 - 19 Jul 2008 Toowoomba, Australia.
Determination of the financial return on marketing investment for sports events in Canada
Johnson Morgan, Melissa, Seaton, Sheilagh and Summers, Jane. 2008. "Determination of the financial return on marketing investment for sports events in Canada." James, Jeffrey, Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa (ed.) 6th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Bridging the Gap: Bringing the World Down Under 6th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference (SMA 2008). Gold Coast, Australia 17 - 19 Jul 2008 Toowoomba, Australia.
How do in-mall entertainment events impact on consumers' shopping mall behaviours? a model of special event entertainment
Sit, Jason, Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Woodside, Frances M.. 2008. "How do in-mall entertainment events impact on consumers' shopping mall behaviours? a model of special event entertainment." 2008 Global Marketing Conference: Marketing in the Dynamic Global World. Shanghai, China 20 - 23 Mar 2008 Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
The effect of the category of sport team on the role of nostalgia in an individual supporter's psychological connection to that sport team
Volkov, Michael, Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2008. "The effect of the category of sport team on the role of nostalgia in an individual supporter's psychological connection to that sport team." Spanjaard, Daniela, Denize, Sara and Sharma, Neeru (ed.) ANZMAC 2008: Shifting the Focus from Mainstream to Offbeat. Sydney, Australia 01 - 03 Dec 2008 Australia.
I'm not playing anymore: developing a model of why consumers stop playing social sport
Powell, Brendan, Lawley, Meredith and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2008. "I'm not playing anymore: developing a model of why consumers stop playing social sport." Spanjaard, Daniela, Denize, Sara and Sharma, Neeru (ed.) ANZMAC 2008: Shifting the Focus from Mainstream to Offbeat. Sydney, Australia 01 - 03 Dec 2008 Australia.
Roll up, roll up! The effect of social crowding on consumer enjoyment of special event entertainment
Sit, Jason and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2008. "Roll up, roll up! The effect of social crowding on consumer enjoyment of special event entertainment." Spanjaard, Daniela, Denize, Sara and Sharma, Neeru (ed.) ANZMAC 2008: Shifting the Focus from Mainstream to Offbeat. Sydney, Australia 01 - 03 Dec 2008 Australia.
More than just the media: considering the role of public relations in the creation of sporting celebrity and the management of fan expectations
Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2008. "More than just the media: considering the role of public relations in the creation of sporting celebrity and the management of fan expectations." Public Relations Review. 34 (2), pp. 176-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2008.03.014
Understanding consumer responses to special event entertainment (SEE) in shopping centres
Sit, Jason, Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Summers, Jane. 2006. "Understanding consumer responses to special event entertainment (SEE) in shopping centres." Yu, Chian Son and Wang, Chih Chien (ed.) 2006 International Conference on Business and Information (BAI 2006). Singapore 12 - 14 Jul 2006 Taiwan.
Sponsorship leveraging improves consumer attitudes and purchase intentions towards the sponsoring brand - but is it relevant for FMCG packaging?
Woodside, Frances M., Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2007. "Sponsorship leveraging improves consumer attitudes and purchase intentions towards the sponsoring brand - but is it relevant for FMCG packaging?" Thyne, Maree, Deans, Kenneth R. and Gnoth, Juergen (ed.) ANZMAC 2007: 3Rs Reputation, Responsibility and Relevance: Doctoral Colloquium Writing Workshop. Dunedin, New Zealand 30 Nov - 02 Dec 2007 Dunedin, New Zealand.
Evoking the past: exploring nostalgia's relevance to sport consumption
McColl-Kennedy, Janet, Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2001. "Evoking the past: exploring nostalgia's relevance to sport consumption." Tidwell, Paula M. and Muller, Thomas E. (ed.) Association for Consumer Research 2000 Asia Pacific Conference. Gold Coast, Australia 16 - 18 Mar 2000 Provo, UT. United States.
Consumer construction of sport consumption experiences through role play: a literature review
Volkov, Michael, Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Summers, Jane. 2007. "Consumer construction of sport consumption experiences through role play: a literature review." James, Jeffrey D. (ed.) 4th Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Sport Marketing Across the Spectrum: Research from Emerging, Developing and Established Sholars (SMA 2006). Denver, Colorado 04 - 06 Nov 2006 Morganstown, VA.
E-marketing strategy: an exploratory investigation into Chinese business use of the Internet
Johnson Morgan, Melissa, Lawley, Meredith and Spinks, Wendy. 2006. "E-marketing strategy: an exploratory investigation into Chinese business use of the Internet." Ali, Yunus and van Dessel, Maria (ed.) ANZMAC 2006: Advancing Theory, Maintaining Relevance. Brisbane Australia 04 - 06 Dec 2006 Brisbane, Australia.
The effect of sponsorship endorsed packaging on consumer attitudes: a conceptual enquiry
Woodside, Frances M., Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2006. "The effect of sponsorship endorsed packaging on consumer attitudes: a conceptual enquiry." Ali, Yunus and van Dessel, Maria (ed.) ANZMAC 2006: Advancing Theory, Maintaining Relevance. Brisbane Australia 04 - 06 Dec 2006 Brisbane, Australia.
The impact of parental style on sports consumption preferences of teenagers: an exploratory investigation in the Asia Pacific region
Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2006. "The impact of parental style on sports consumption preferences of teenagers: an exploratory investigation in the Asia Pacific region." Asian Journal of Marketing (National University of Singapore). 12 (1), pp. 23-34.
The impact of structure on marketing success in Australian Rules Football clubs
Johnson Morgan, Melissa, Summers, Jane and West, Kristy. 2006. "The impact of structure on marketing success in Australian Rules Football clubs." Fullerton, Sam and Moore, David (ed.) International Conference of the Academy of Business Administration (2005). Prague, Czech Republic 03 - 07 Aug 2005 Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA.
Sports consumption behaviour among generation Y in mainland China
Johnson Morgan, Melissa, Summers, Jane and Jocumsen, Graham. 2006. "Sports consumption behaviour among generation Y in mainland China." Fullerton, Sam and Moore, David (ed.) International Conference of the Academy of Business Administration (2006). Munich, Germany 16 - 20 Aug 2006 Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA.
Sponsorship of fast moving consumer goods - does packaging endorsement contribute to brand attitude?
Woodside, Frances M., Summers, Jane and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2006. "Sponsorship of fast moving consumer goods - does packaging endorsement contribute to brand attitude?" Fullerton, Sam and Moore, David (ed.) International Conference of the Academy of Business Administration (2006). Munich, Germany 16 - 20 Aug 2006 Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA.
Factors influencing consumer intentions to purchase seasonally discounted athletic footware in Thailand
Summers, Jane, Lorterapong, Atasit and Johnson Morgan, Melissa. 2006. "Factors influencing consumer intentions to purchase seasonally discounted athletic footware in Thailand." Fullerton, Sam and Moore, David (ed.) International Conference of the Academy of Business Administration (2006). Munich, Germany 16 - 20 Aug 2006 Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA.
Defining consumer responses to special event entertainment (SEE): key constructs and propositions
Sit, Jason, Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Summers, Jane. 2006. "Defining consumer responses to special event entertainment (SEE): key constructs and propositions." Ali, Yunus and van Dessel, Maria (ed.) ANZMAC 2006: Advancing Theory, Maintaining Relevance. Brisbane Australia 04 - 06 Dec 2006 Brisbane, Australia.
Teenage motivations for sport related consumption in Australia
Summers, Jane, Johnson Morgan, Melissa and Kanoyangwa, Ranganai. 2007. "Teenage motivations for sport related consumption in Australia." Pitts, Brenda G. (ed.) 3rd Annual Sport Marketing Association Conference: Sport Marketing in the New Millennium (SMA 2005). Tempe, Arizona 10 - 12 Nov 2005 Morgantown, WV. United States.