How well does the virtual reference stations (VERS) system of GPS base stations perform in comparison to conventional RTL?

Article

Gibbings, Peter and Ong Kim Sun, G.. 2005. "How well does the virtual reference stations (VERS) system of GPS base stations perform in comparison to conventional RTL?" Journal of Spatial Science. 50 (1), pp. 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/14498596.2005.9635038
Article Title

How well does the virtual reference stations (VERS) system of GPS base stations perform in comparison to conventional RTL?

ERA Journal ID4627
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsGibbings, Peter (Author) and Ong Kim Sun, G. (Author)
Journal TitleJournal of Spatial Science
Journal Citation50 (1), pp. 59-73
Number of Pages15
Year2005
ISSN0005-0326
0069-0805
1324-9983
1449-8596
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1080/14498596.2005.9635038
Abstract

In response to the recent growth in multiple reference station networks throughout the world, a pilot project of the Virtual Reference Station (VRS) network has been established in south-east Queensland. Independent testing of this network was required to establish its performance in
post processed and real-time positioning, and its
reliable coverage area.
Tests were conducted at several sites, both inside and outside the network. GPS data from a single antenna was used to simultaneously record realtime positions derived from both the VRS base stations and a conventional base station. This data was analysed in terms of accuracy, precision and initialisation times. At the same time, raw data was logged for later analysis of the post processing capabilities of the VRS.
Accuracy and precision estimates from the data collected showed that the VRS is at least comparable to, and in some instances may be considered superior to, conventional RTK. For example, during tests when low numbers of satellites were visible, the VRS-RTK was able to initialise in shorter times than conventional RTK.
In general, the VRS-RTK proved to be a reliable substitute for conventional RTK using a single base station. In fact, VRS-RTK was shown to be more reliable and robust than conventional RTK, and in many instances was able to produce
results where conventional RTK failed. VRS also showed great potential for post processing that, until now, has been largely ignored.

KeywordsGPS; reference stations
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020401306. Surveying (incl. hydrographic surveying)
401302. Geospatial information systems and geospatial data modelling
401399. Geomatic engineering not elsewhere classified
370999. Physical geography and environmental geoscience not elsewhere classified
Byline AffiliationsDepartment of Surveying and Land Information
Faculty of Engineering and Surveying
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q0681/how-well-does-the-virtual-reference-stations-vers-system-of-gps-base-stations-perform-in-comparison-to-conventional-rtl

Log in to edit
  • 1987
    total views
  • 5
    total downloads
  • 5
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Relative performance of AUSGeoid09 in mountainous terrain
Sussanna, V., Janssen, V. and Gibbings, P.. 2016. "Relative performance of AUSGeoid09 in mountainous terrain." Journal of Geodetic Science. 6 (1), pp. 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2016-0002
Application of mixed methods research in the onshore oil and gas drilling environment
Stacey, Mark, Paudyal, Dev Raj and Gibbings, Peter. 2021. "Application of mixed methods research in the onshore oil and gas drilling environment." Mixed Methods International Research Association (MMRIA) – Oceania Chapter 2021 Regional Conference and Workshops: Looking for the Future. Sydney, Australia 09 Dec 2021
A process to graphically demonstrate distance errors associated with local ground-based coordinate systems
Gibbings, P. D.. 2017. "A process to graphically demonstrate distance errors associated with local ground-based coordinate systems." Survey Review. 49 (356), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2016.1172815
Student engagement in virtual space
Gibbings, Peter. 2020. Student engagement in virtual space. University of Southern Queensland.
Developing a generic review framework to assure capstone quality
Hammer, Sara, Abawi, Lindy, Gibbings, Peter, Jones, Hazel, Redmond, Petrea and Shams, Syed. 2018. "Developing a generic review framework to assure capstone quality." Higher Education Research and Development. 37 (4), pp. 730-743. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2018.1453787
A twin-initiative transforming curriculum development processes
Abawi, Lindy-Anne, Gibbings, Peter and Hammer, Sara. 2017. "A twin-initiative transforming curriculum development processes." 40th Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia Annual Conference (HERDSA 2017). Sydney, Australia 27 - 30 Jun 2017
Performance of AUSGeoid09 in mountainous regions
Sussanna, Vittorio, Janssen, Volker and Gibbings, Peter. 2017. "Performance of AUSGeoid09 in mountainous regions." Janssen, Volker (ed.) 22nd Association of Public Authority Surveyors Conference (APAS2017) . Shoal Bay, Australia 20 - 22 Mar 2017 New South Wales, Australia.
Exploring a cross-disciplinary research initiative with remote access laboratories: robot RAL-ly as a stimulus for consideration of engineering pathway
Maxwell, Andrew, Noble, Karen, Kist, Alexander A., Fogarty, Roderick, Gibbings, Peter and Midgley, Warren. 2011. "Exploring a cross-disciplinary research initiative with remote access laboratories: robot RAL-ly as a stimulus for consideration of engineering pathway." Al-Abdeli, Yasir M. and Lindsay, Euan (ed.) 22nd Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE 2011). Fremantle, Australia 05 - 07 Dec 2011 Barton, ACT, Australia.
Engineering for primary school children: learning with robots in a remote access laboratory
Kist, Alexander A., Maxwell, Andrew, Gibbings, Peter, Fogarty, Roderick, Midgley, Warren and Noble, Karen. 2011. "Engineering for primary school children: learning with robots in a remote access laboratory." Bernardino, Jorge and Quadrado, José Carlos (ed.) 39th SEFI Annual Conference: Global Engineering Recognition, Sustainability and Mobility (SEFI 2011). Lisbon, Portugal 27 - 30 Sep 2011 Lisbon, Portugal.
Comparison of PBL assessment rubrics
Brodie, Lyn and Gibbings, Peter. 2009. "Comparison of PBL assessment rubrics." Mann, Llewellyn and Hadgraft, Roger (ed.) Research in Engineering Education Symposium (REES 2009) . Cairns, Australia 20 - 23 Jul 2009 Australia.
Digital literacy in higher education: the rhetoric and the reality
Burton, Lorelle J., Summers, Jane, Lawrence, Jill, Noble, Karen and Gibbings, Peter. 2015. "Digital literacy in higher education: the rhetoric and the reality." Harmes, Marcus K., Huijser, Henk and Danaher, Patrick Alan (ed.) Myths in education, learning and teaching: policies, practices and principles. United Kingdom. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 151-172
Engineering phenomenography
Gibbings, Peter, Lidstone, John and Bruce, Christine. 2015. "Engineering phenomenography." Huisman , Jeroen and Tight , Malcolm (ed.) Theory and method in higher education research. United Kingdom. Emerald. pp. 295-309
Students' experience of problem-based learning in virtual space
Gibbings, Peter, Lidstone, John and Bruce, Christine. 2015. "Students' experience of problem-based learning in virtual space." Higher Education Research and Development. 34 (1), pp. 74-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2014.934327
Qualitatively different ways students experience remote access laboratories
Gibbings, Peter. 2014. "Qualitatively different ways students experience remote access laboratories." International Journal of Engineering Education. 30 (5), pp. 1120-1129.
Absolute performance of AUSGeoid09 in mountainous regions
Sussanna, Vittorio, Janssen, Volker and Gibbings, Peter. 2014. "Absolute performance of AUSGeoid09 in mountainous regions." Journal of Applied Geodesy. 8 (3), pp. 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2014-0007
Using RTK GNSS to measure cadastral distances
Gibbings, Peter and Zahl, Michael. 2014. "Using RTK GNSS to measure cadastral distances." 17th Australasian Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Conference (ARSPC), the 6th Queensland Surveying & Spatial Conference (QSSC) and the LiDAR Technologies 2014 Conference (QCON14): Repositioning for a Sustainable Future . Cairns, Australia 07 - 10 Oct 2014 Canberra, Australia.
How to peg a straight line - part 2
Gibbings, Peter. 2014. "How to peg a straight line - part 2." Spatial Science Queensland.
How to peg a straight line - part 1
Gibbings, Peter. 2014. "How to peg a straight line - part 1." Spatial Science Queensland.
From individual Remote Access Laboratory implementations to institutional learning tools
Kist, Alexander A., Gibbings, Peter and Maxwell, Andrew. 2013. "From individual Remote Access Laboratory implementations to institutional learning tools." 2013 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). Berlin, Germany 13 - 15 Mar 2013 United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/EduCon.2013.6530254
Benchmarking of final year engineering projects
Gibbings, Peter and Snook, Chris. 2013. "Benchmarking of final year engineering projects ." Lemckert, Charles, Jenkins, Graham and Lang-Lemckert, Susan (ed.) 24th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE 2013). Gold Coast, Australia 08 - 11 Dec 2013 Brisbane, Australia.
Student focus groups
Gibbings, Peter and Bowtell, Les. 2013. "Student focus groups." Lemckert, Charles, Jenkins, Graham and Lang-Lemckert, Susan (ed.) 24th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE 2013). Gold Coast, Australia 08 - 11 Dec 2013 Brisbane, Australia.
An associate dean's community of practice: rising to the leadership challenges of engaging distance students using blended models of learning and teaching
Lawrence, Jill, Burton, Lorelle, Summers, Jane, Noble, Karen and Gibbings, Peter. 2013. "An associate dean's community of practice: rising to the leadership challenges of engaging distance students using blended models of learning and teaching." Willems, J., Tynan, B. and James, R. (ed.) Global challenges and perspectives in blended and distance learning. United States. IGI Global. pp. 212-222
Local ground-based plane coordinates
Pickford, Jeffrey and Gibbings, Peter. 2009. "Local ground-based plane coordinates." Spatial Science Queensland.
Surveyors Board of Queensland RTK GNSS for cadastral surveys: guideline
Gibbings, Peter D.. 2013. "Surveyors Board of Queensland RTK GNSS for cadastral surveys: guideline." Davidson, Kellie (ed.) Joint Central and Northern Groups Conference (SSSIQ 2013): The Fast 15. Rockhampton, Australia 03 - 05 May 2013 Brisbane, Australia.
Supporting remote laboratory activities at an institutional level
Kist, Alexander A., Gibbings, Peter, Maxwell, Andrew D. and Jolly, Hannah. 2013. "Supporting remote laboratory activities at an institutional level." International Journal of Online Engineering. 9 (S5), pp. 38-47. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v9iS5.2772
Developing DART: a digital learning tool to facilitate equity and access in the contemporary higher education context
Burton, Lorelle, Lawrence, Jill, Summers, Jane, Gibbings, Peter and Noble, Karen. 2013. "Developing DART: a digital learning tool to facilitate equity and access in the contemporary higher education context." Sims, Roderick and Kigotho, Mutuota (ed.) Open and Distance Learning Association of Australia Distance Education Summit (ODLAA 2013): Education Across Space and Time: Meeting the Diverse Needs of the Distance Learner. Sydney, Australia 04 - 06 Feb 2013 Sydney, Australia.
Robot RAL-ly international - Promoting STEM in elementary school across international boundaries using remote access technology
Maxwell, Andrew, Fogarty, Roderick, Gibbings, Peter, Noble, Karen, Kist, Alexander A. and Midgley, Warren. 2013. "Robot RAL-ly international - Promoting STEM in elementary school across international boundaries using remote access technology." 10th International Conference on Remote Engineering and Virtual Instrumentation (REV 2013). Sydney, Australia 06 - 08 Feb 2013 Piscataway, NJ. United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/REV.2013.6502895
The importance of focal awareness to learning in virtual communities
Gibbings, Peter D. and Brodie, Lyn M.. 2012. "The importance of focal awareness to learning in virtual communities." Li, Honglei (ed.) Virtual community participation and motivation: cross-disciplinary theories. United States. IGI Global. pp. 177-191
Expanding the concept of remote access laboratories
Kist, Alexander A., Maxwell, Andrew Douglas and Gibbings, Peter D.. 2012. "Expanding the concept of remote access laboratories." 2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition: Spurring Big Ideas in Education (ASEE 2012). San Antonio, United States of America 10 - 13 Jun 2012 United States.
Development and validation of a regional university's model for community and industry engagement
Gibbings, Peter D. and Bullen, Frank. 2011. "Development and validation of a regional university's model for community and industry engagement." Al-Abdeli, Yasir M. and Lindsay, Euan (ed.) 22nd Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE 2011). Fremantle, Australia 05 - 07 Dec 2011 Canberra, Australia.
Developing an engineering education research culture
Brodie, Lyn, Bullen, Frank and Gibbings, Peter. 2011. "Developing an engineering education research culture." Auer, Michael, Al-Zoubi, A. Y. and Tovar, Edmundo (ed.) EDUCON 2011: Learning Environments and Ecosystems in Engineering Education. Amman, Jordan 04 - 06 Apr 2011 United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2011.5773139
Mapping cycling pathways and route selection using GIS and GPS
Huntley, Matthew, Liu, Xiaoye, McDougall, Kevin and Gibbings, Peter. 2011. "Mapping cycling pathways and route selection using GIS and GPS." Hock, Barbara (ed.) 2011 Surveying and Spatial Sciences Conference: Innovation in Action: Working Smarter (SSSC 2011). Wellington, New Zealand 21 - 25 Nov 2011 Rotorua, New Zealand.
Connecting learners in virtual space: forming learning communities
Brodie, Lyn and Gibbings, Peter. 2011. "Connecting learners in virtual space: forming learning communities." Abawi, Lindy, Conway, Joan M. and Henderson, Robyn (ed.) Creating connections in teaching and learning. Charlotte, NC, United States. Information Age Publishing. pp. 233-248
What student attributes affect experience of PBL in virtual space?
Gibbings, Peter, Lidstone, John and Bruce, Christine. 2009. "What student attributes affect experience of PBL in virtual space?" Mann, Llewellyn and Hadgraft, Roger (ed.) Research in Engineering Education Symposium (REES 2009) . Cairns, Australia 20 - 23 Jul 2009 Australia.
Team-based learning communities in virtual space
Gibbings, Peter and Brodie, Lyn. 2008. "Team-based learning communities in virtual space." International Journal of Engineering Education. 24 (6), pp. 1119-1129.
Assessment strategy for an engineering problem-solving course
Gibbings, Peter and Brodie, Lyn. 2008. "Assessment strategy for an engineering problem-solving course." International Journal of Engineering Education. 24 (1), pp. 153-161.
Learning flexibility: the environment and a case study
Young, Frank R. and Gibbings, Peter. 2007. "Learning flexibility: the environment and a case study ." Atkinson, Roger J., McBeath, Clare, Soong, S. K. A. and Cheers, C. (ed.) 24th Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE 2007). Singapore 02 - 05 Dec 2007 Singapore. Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE).
Skills audit and competency assessment for engineering problem solving courses
Gibbings, Peter and Brodie, Lyn. 2006. "Skills audit and competency assessment for engineering problem solving courses ." Doyle, Susan and Mannis, Adam (ed.) Engineering Education 2006 (EE2006). Liverpool, United Kingdom 24 - 26 Jul 2006 Liverpool, UK.
An assessment strategy for a first year engineering problem solving course
Gibbings, Peter and Brodie, Lyn. 2006. "An assessment strategy for a first year engineering problem solving course." Rowe, Gerard and Reid, Gillian (ed.) 17th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE 2006). Auckland, New Zealand 10 - 13 Dec 2006 Melbourne, Australia.
Impact of online training in a first year undergraduate course
Gibbings, Peter. 2006. "Impact of online training in a first year undergraduate course." Rowe, Gerard and Reid, Gillian (ed.) 17th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE 2006). Auckland, New Zealand 10 - 13 Dec 2006 Melbourne, Australia.
Evaluation of a hydrographic technique to measure on-farm water storage volumes
Gibbings, Peter and Raine, Steven R.. 2005. "Evaluation of a hydrographic technique to measure on-farm water storage volumes." Agricultural Water Management. 78 (3), pp. 209-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.02.010
Inception and management of remote access laboratory projects
Kist, Alexander A. and Gibbings, Peter. 2010. "Inception and management of remote access laboratory projects." Gardner, Anne and Jolly, Lesley (ed.) 21st Annual Conference for the Australasian Association of Engineering Education (AAEE 2010). Sydney, Australia 05 - 08 Dec 2010 Sydney, Australia.
An associate deans' community of practice: rising to the local leadership challenge to enhance learning and teaching quality
Noble, Karen, Lawrence, Jill, Burton, Lorelle J., Summers, Jane and Gibbings, Peter. 2011. "An associate deans' community of practice: rising to the local leadership challenge to enhance learning and teaching quality." DE Quarterly. 7.
Part time study distorts student attrition rates in engineering programs
Gibbings, Peter, Godfrey, Elizabeth, King, Robin and Wandel, Weide. 2010. "Part time study distorts student attrition rates in engineering programs." Gardner, Anne and Jolly, Lesley (ed.) 21st Annual Conference for the Australasian Association of Engineering Education (AAEE 2010). Sydney, Australia 05 - 08 Dec 2010 Sydney, Australia.
Leading engineering learning and teaching in Australia
Bullen, Frank, Gibbings, Peter and Brodie, Lyn. 2010. "Leading engineering learning and teaching in Australia." Richards, Larry (ed.) 40th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE 2010): Celebrating 40 Years of Innovation. Washington, United States 27 - 30 Oct 2010 United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2010.5673342
How do student attributes influence the way students experience problem-based learning in virtual space?
Gibbings, Peter, Lidstone, John and Bruce, Christine. 2010. "How do student attributes influence the way students experience problem-based learning in virtual space?" Australasian Journal of Engineering Education. 16 (1), pp. 69-80.
A proposed learning journey for the 21st century global engineering manager: an Australian perspective
Goh, S., Bullen, F. and Gibbings, P.. 2009. "A proposed learning journey for the 21st century global engineering manager: an Australian perspective." Jaafari, Ali (ed.) APES 2009: Managing Projects, Programs and Ventures in Times of Uncertainty and Disruptive Change. Sydney, Australia 19 - 20 Nov 2009 Sydney, Australia.
A guide for entry level PBL courses in engineering
Gibbings, Peter and Morgan, Michael J.. 2005. "A guide for entry level PBL courses in engineering." International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning. 15 (3-6), pp. 276-290. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCEELL.2005.007716
Problem-based learning (PBL) in virtual space: developing experiences for professional development
Gibbings, Peter, Bruce, Christine and Lidstone, John. 2009. Problem-based learning (PBL) in virtual space: developing experiences for professional development. Berlin, Germany. VDM Verlag Dr. Muller.
Using student experience of problem-based learning in virtual space to drive engineering educational pedagogy
Gibbings, Peter, Lidstone, John and Bruce, Christine. 2008. "Using student experience of problem-based learning in virtual space to drive engineering educational pedagogy." Mann, Llewellyn, Thompson, Adam and Howard, Prue (ed.) 19th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE 2008). Yeppoon, Australia 07 - 10 Dec 2008 Canberra, Australia.
A comparison of methods for mapping golf greens
Reynolds, Wade, Young, Frank R. and Gibbings, Peter. 2007. "A comparison of methods for mapping golf greens." Spatial Science Queensland. 2007 (4), pp. 33-36.
Developing problem based learning communities in virtual space
Brodie, Lyn and Gibbings, Peter. 2007. "Developing problem based learning communities in virtual space." Zehner, Robert and Reidsema, Carl (ed.) ConnectED 2007: International Conference on Design Education. Sydney, Australia 09 - 12 Jul 2007 Sydney, Australia.
Assessing the accuracy and integrity of RTK GPS beneath high voltage power lines
Gibbings, Peter, Manuel, Brent, Penington, Rafe and McDougall, Kevin. 2001. "Assessing the accuracy and integrity of RTK GPS beneath high voltage power lines." Higgins, Matthew (ed.) 42nd Australian Surveyors Congress 2001: A Spatial Odyessy. Brisbane, Australia 25 - 28 Sep 2001 Brisbane, Australia.
Comparison of a d-GPS system and conventional guidance for spraying applications
McDougall, Kevin, Gibbings, Peter and Wolski, Ivan. 2001. "Comparison of a d-GPS system and conventional guidance for spraying applications." 5th Precision Agriculture in Australasia Symposium: Information for Better Production and Environmental Management. Sydney, Australia 17 - 19 Jul 2001 Adelaide, Australia.
Are equipment simulators effective when used for technology-based training?
Gibbings, P. and McDougall, K.. 2005. "Are equipment simulators effective when used for technology-based training?" Journal of Spatial Science. 50 (2), pp. 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/14498596.2005.9635051
Comparison of a d-GPS system and conventional guidance for spraying applications
McDougall, Kevin, Gibbings, Peter and Wolski, Ivan. 2002. "Comparison of a d-GPS system and conventional guidance for spraying applications." Measure and Map.
An evaluation of geoid models on the Great Dividing Range escarpment
Gibbings, Peter and McDonald, Adam. 2005. "An evaluation of geoid models on the Great Dividing Range escarpment." Spatial Science Queensland. 2005 (5), pp. 30-37.
Learning flexibility: The environment and a case study
Young, Frank R. and Gibbings Peter. 2007. "Learning flexibility: The environment and a case study ." 24th Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE 2007). Singapore 02 - 05 Dec 2007 Australia. Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE). pp. 1121-1133