The conversion and sustainable use of alumina refinery residues: Global solution examples

Edited book (chapter)

Fergusson, Lee. 2016. "The conversion and sustainable use of alumina refinery residues: Global solution examples." Donaldson, Don and Raahauge, Benny E. (ed.) Essential Readings in Light Metals. Switzerland. Springer. pp. 965–971

Chapter Title	The conversion and sustainable use of alumina refinery residues: Global solution examples
Book Chapter Category	Edited book (chapter)
ERA Publisher ID	3337
Book Title	Essential Readings in Light Metals
Authors	Fergusson, Lee
Editors	Donaldson, Don and Raahauge, Benny E.
Volume	1
Page Range	965–971
Series	The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series (MMMS)
Number of Pages	7
Year	2016
Publisher	Springer
Place of Publication	Switzerland
ISBN	9783319485744
	9783319481760
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48176-0_134
Web Address (URL)	https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-48176-0_134
Abstract	This chapter introduces current industry best practice for the conversion of alumina refinery residues (or “red mud”) from hazardous waste to benign, inert material. The paper will examine four neutralization methods and Basecon Technology, a sustainable conversion process. The paper will consider ways through which this converted material can be combined and processed for sustainable applications in the treatment of hazardous waste streams (such as industrial wastewater and sludges, biosolids, and CCA wastes), contaminated brownfield sites, and mine site wastes. Recent discoveries and applications, such as the successful treatment of high levels of radium in drinking water in the USA, will also be discussed. Examples of global solutions and their technical merits will be assessed.
Keywords	Basecon Technology; Waste Treatment; Alumina Refinery Residue; Environmental Remediation; Bauxsol Raw Material
Article Publishing Charge (APC) Funding	Other
Contains Sensitive Content	Does not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020	419999. Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified
Public Notes	Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions.
Byline Affiliations	Virotec International Plc, Australia

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Fergusson, L.. 2015. "A study of underground coal gasification (UCG) wastewater and sludge." International Journal of Environmental Research. 9 (3), pp. 777-784. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2015.964

Reducing the leachability of iron-arsenic speiss using modified alumina refinery residue

Fergusson, Lee, Clark, Malcolm and Johnston, Max. 2015. "Reducing the leachability of iron-arsenic speiss using modified alumina refinery residue." Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 24 (9a), pp. 2969-2974.

A long-term study of mine site rehabilitation in Australia

Fergusson, Lee. 2014. "A long-term study of mine site rehabilitation in Australia." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution. 11 (4), pp. 1-17.

Pesticides and ozofractionation: An investigation to remove organic and inorganic contaminants from industrial wastewater

Fergusson, Lee. 2015. "Pesticides and ozofractionation: An investigation to remove organic and inorganic contaminants from industrial wastewater." Asian Journal of Chemistry: an international peer reviewed research journal of chemistry. 27 (8), pp. 3101-3106. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2015.18938

Industrial sustainability and the circular economy as counterparts to the self-referral mechanics of Natural Law: part I—A theoretical foundation

Fergusson, Lee, Wells, Geoffrey and Kettle, David. 2018. "Industrial sustainability and the circular economy as counterparts to the self-referral mechanics of Natural Law: part I—A theoretical foundation." Asian Journal of Environment and Ecology. 6 (2), pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEE/2018/40365

Three bench-scale tests designed to destroy tributyltin (TBT) in marine sediments from North Queensland, Australia

Fergusson, Lee. 2018. "Three bench-scale tests designed to destroy tributyltin (TBT) in marine sediments from North Queensland, Australia." Top 10 contributions on environmental health. Hyderabhad, India. Avid Science. pp. 2-23

Indigenous accounts of environmental stewardship in light of the theory and language of Maharishi Vedic Science

Fergusson, Lee, Kettle, David and Wells, Geoffrey. 2017. "Indigenous accounts of environmental stewardship in light of the theory and language of Maharishi Vedic Science." International Journal of Society, Culture & Language. 5 (1), pp. 68-81.

An annotated historical survey of 84 publications by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi from 1957-2015

Fergusson, Lee. 2017. "An annotated historical survey of 84 publications by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi from 1957-2015 ." International Journal of Current Research. 9 (2), pp. 47009-47054.

A 12-month field trial to remediate an exposed 'tailings beach' in Tasmania

Fergusson, Lee. 2014. "A 12-month field trial to remediate an exposed 'tailings beach' in Tasmania." Resources and Environment. 4 (5), pp. 238-245. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.re.20140405.05

Sustainable Indian alumina refineries: beneficiation and reuse of bauxite residue

Fergusson, Lee and Nandi, Ashok. 2015. "Sustainable Indian alumina refineries: beneficiation and reuse of bauxite residue." Minerals & Metals Review. 16 (5), pp. 25-28.

A sustainability framework for the beneficial reuse of alumina refinery residue

Fergusson, Lee. 2014. "A sustainability framework for the beneficial reuse of alumina refinery residue." Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology. 1 (5), pp. 105-120.

Three novel methods for removing inorganic species from contaminated industrial stormwater at a smelter site in London

Fergusson, Lee. 2015. "Three novel methods for removing inorganic species from contaminated industrial stormwater at a smelter site in London." Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater. 2 (1), pp. 115-121.

Principles of environmental remediation in open and closed systems: a case study of the Lake Dianchi drainage basin

Fergusson, Lee and Bangerter, Philip J.. 2015. "Principles of environmental remediation in open and closed systems: a case study of the Lake Dianchi drainage basin." International Journal of Engineering, Sciences and Research Technology. 4 (5), pp. 1-16.

Three bench-scale tests designed to destroy tributyltin (TBT) in marine sediments from North Queensland, Australia

Fergusson, Lee. 2014. "Three bench-scale tests designed to destroy tributyltin (TBT) in marine sediments from North Queensland, Australia." Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology. 5 (1), p. 245. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000245

The holistic education of artists through Maharishi Vedic Science: unfolding the infinite reservoir of creativity in individual awareness

Beaufort, Matthew, Bonshek, Anna J. and Fergusson, Lee C. 1997. "The holistic education of artists through Maharishi Vedic Science: unfolding the infinite reservoir of creativity in individual awareness." Modern Science and Vedic Science Journal. 7 (1), pp. 269-295.

The holistic education of artists through Maharishi Vedic Science: unfolding the infinite reservoir of creativity in individual awareness

Beaufort, Matthew, Bonshek, Anna J. and Fergusson, Lee C.. 2011. "The holistic education of artists through Maharishi Vedic Science: unfolding the infinite reservoir of creativity in individual awareness." Llewellyn, Dara and Pearson, Craig (ed.) Consciousness-based education and art. Fairfield, Iowa, USA. Maharishi University of Management Press. pp. 19-60

A trial to determine the impact of soil washing on coal seam gas (CSG) dam sediments in Queensland

Fergusson, Lee. 2015. "A trial to determine the impact of soil washing on coal seam gas (CSG) dam sediments in Queensland." Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management. 6 (4), pp. 84-91. https://doi.org/10.5897/JSSEM14.0456

Personality and health characteristics of Cambodian undergraduates: a case for student development

Fergusson, Lee C., Bonshek, Anna J. and Boudigues, Jean-Michel. 1995. "Personality and health characteristics of Cambodian undergraduates: a case for student development." Journal of Instructional Psychology. 22 (4), pp. 308-319.

Transcendental meditation and five factors relevant to higher education in Cambodia

Fergusson, Lee C., Bonshek, Anna J. and Boudigues, Monique. 1994. "Transcendental meditation and five factors relevant to higher education in Cambodia." College Student Journal: a journal pertaining to college students. 28 (1), pp. 103-107.

The treatment of wastewaters with high phosphorous and high ammonia loadings using modified bauxite refinery residues

Clark, Malcolm W., Gnanam, Frank, McConchie, David M. and Fergusson, Lee. 2006. "The treatment of wastewaters with high phosphorous and high ammonia loadings using modified bauxite refinery residues." Chinese Journal of Geochemistry. 25 (S1), pp. 141-141. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02840011

A field trial to engender micro-concentrations of lead (II) using a novel sorbent in highly acidic industrial wastewater at a smelter site in Derbyshire

Fergusson, Lee. 2015. "A field trial to engender micro-concentrations of lead (II) using a novel sorbent in highly acidic industrial wastewater at a smelter site in Derbyshire." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. 2 (9), pp. 437-444.

Soil washing, ozofractionation and metal sequestration: removing organic and inorganic species from contaminated soil and water

Fergusson, Lee. 2015. "Soil washing, ozofractionation and metal sequestration: removing organic and inorganic species from contaminated soil and water." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. 2 (4), pp. 574-579.

Amending highly acidic blowdown sludge by direct addition of beneficiated alumina refinery residue

Fergusson, Lee. 2015. "Amending highly acidic blowdown sludge by direct addition of beneficiated alumina refinery residue." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. 2 (3), pp. 616-624.

A culture under siege: post‐colonial higher education and teacher education in Cambodia from 1953 to 1979

Fergusson, Lee C. and Le Masson, Gildas. 1997. "A culture under siege: post‐colonial higher education and teacher education in Cambodia from 1953 to 1979." History of Education. 26 (1), pp. 91-112.

Vedic Science based education and non-verbal intelligence: a preliminary longitudinal study in Cambodia

Fergusson, Lee C., Bonshek, Anna J. and Le Masson, Gildas. 1995. "Vedic Science based education and non-verbal intelligence: a preliminary longitudinal study in Cambodia." Higher Education Research and Development. 15 (1), pp. 73-82.

A descriptive analysis of Cambodian higher education and teacher education from 1979 to the present

Fergusson, Lee C., Bonshek, Anna J. and Le Masson, Gildas. 1995. "A descriptive analysis of Cambodian higher education and teacher education from 1979 to the present." Education Research and Perspectives. 22 (2), pp. 132-148.

Remediating the Wesley Vale Pulp and Paper Mill chlor-alkali cell plant

Fergusson, Lee. 2012. "Remediating the Wesley Vale Pulp and Paper Mill chlor-alkali cell plant." Remediation Australasia.

Industrial sustainability and the circular economy as counterparts to the self-referral structure of Natural Law: Part II – a global case study

Fergusson, Lee. 2017. "Industrial sustainability and the circular economy as counterparts to the self-referral structure of Natural Law: Part II – a global case study." Open Science Journal. 2 (4), pp. 1-21.

The impact of Maharishi Vedic University on Cambodian economic and social indicators from 1980 to 2015

Fergusson, Lee. 2016. "The impact of Maharishi Vedic University on Cambodian economic and social indicators from 1980 to 2015." Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute. 2, pp. 77-135.

Principles and practice of sustainability in Maharishi Vedic Science

Fergusson, Lee, Wells, Geoffrey and Kettle, David. 2017. "Principles and practice of sustainability in Maharishi Vedic Science." Journal of Health and Environmental Research. 3 (3-1), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.s.2017030301.11

Human development and capability: reconstructed and fulfilled through Maharishi Vedic Science

Kettle, David, Wells, Geoffrey and Fergusson, Lee. 2017. "Human development and capability: reconstructed and fulfilled through Maharishi Vedic Science." Journal of Health and Environmental Research. 3 (3-1), pp. 79-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.s.2017030301.16

Responding to climate change: the contribution of Maharishi Vedic Science

Wells, Geoffrey, Fergusson, Lee, Kettle, David and Bonshek, Anna. 2017. "Responding to climate change: the contribution of Maharishi Vedic Science." Journal of Health and Environmental Research. 3 (3-1), pp. 63-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.s.2017030301.15

Vedic science-based education, poverty removal and social well-being: a case history of Cambodia from 1980 to 2015

Fergusson, Lee. 2016. "Vedic science-based education, poverty removal and social well-being: a case history of Cambodia from 1980 to 2015." Journal of Indian Education. 41 (4), pp. 16-45.

Advances in soil amendment: vermicomposting, alumina refinery residue and cotton production in Australia

Fergusson, Lee. 2016. "Advances in soil amendment: vermicomposting, alumina refinery residue and cotton production in Australia." International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research. 2 (2), pp. 1-11.

Removing phosphate from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in the United Kingdom using a waste-to-resource model

Fergusson, Lee. 2016. "Removing phosphate from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in the United Kingdom using a waste-to-resource model." International Journal of Advanced Science and Research. 1 (1), pp. 29-38.

Reform, restructuring and rehabilitation: post-secondary education from the mid-1990s to 2010

Fergusson, Lee and King, Michael. 2017. "Reform, restructuring and rehabilitation: post-secondary education from the mid-1990s to 2010." Fergusson, Lee and Bonshek, Anna (ed.) Maharishi Vedic University in Cambodia: educational reconstruction and social renewal. Gold Coast, Australia. Maharishi Vedic Research Institute Press. pp. 51-88

All knowledge in one brain: Maharishi Vedic University and the renewal of Cambodia

Fergusson, Lee and Brown, Susan. 2017. "All knowledge in one brain: Maharishi Vedic University and the renewal of Cambodia." Fergusson, Lee and Bonshek, Anna (ed.) Maharishi Vedic University in Cambodia: educational reconstruction and social renewal. Gold Coast, Australia. Maharishi Vedic Research Institute Press. pp. 177-243

Work-based learning and research for mid-career professionals: two project examples from Australia

Fergusson, Lee, Allred, Tim, Dux, Troy and Muianga, Hugo. 2018. "Work-based learning and research for mid-career professionals: two project examples from Australia." Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Skills and Lifelong Learning. 14, pp. 19-40. https://doi.org/10.28945/3959

Work-based learning and research for mid-career professionals: professional studies in Australia

Fergusson, Lee, Allred, Tim and Dux, Troy. 2018. "Work-based learning and research for mid-career professionals: professional studies in Australia." Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Skills and Lifelong Learning. 14, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.28945/3930

The personal, social and environmental sustainability of Jainism in light of Maharishi Vedic Science

Fergusson, Lee, Wells, Geoffrey and Kettle, David. 2018. "The personal, social and environmental sustainability of Jainism in light of Maharishi Vedic Science." Environment, Development and Sustainability: a multidisciplinary approach to the theory and practice of sustainable development. 20 (4), pp. 1627-1649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-9957-1

Anthrosols and technosols: the anthropogenic signature of contaminated soils and sediments in Australia

Fergusson, Lee. 2017. "Anthrosols and technosols: the anthropogenic signature of contaminated soils and sediments in Australia." Water, Air and Soil Pollution: an international journal of environmental pollution. 228 (8), pp. 267-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3460-z

Beneficial reuse: A field trial to remediate and a bench-scale test to revegetate coal seam gas dam sediments from Queensland

Fergusson, Lee. 2014. "Beneficial reuse: A field trial to remediate and a bench-scale test to revegetate coal seam gas dam sediments from Queensland." American Journal of Environmental Protection. 3 (5), pp. 249-257. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.17

The innovative Australian university: the role of 3rd generation postgraduate research programmes

van der Laan, Luke, Ostini, Jenny, Fergusson, Lee and Allred, Timothy. 2017. "The innovative Australian university: the role of 3rd generation postgraduate research programmes." 2017 International Science of Learning Conference: Research to Reality. Brisbane, Australia 18 - 20 Sep 2017 Australia.