Evaluation of Ayurveda in the Management of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients in an Intensive Care Unit: An Early Pandemic Retrospective Case-Control Study

Article

Fergusson, Lee, Jain, Neetu, Ayyagari, Raghuram, Munjal, Yogita, Manchanda, Raj K and Cavanaugh, Kenneth L.. 2023. "Evaluation of Ayurveda in the Management of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients in an Intensive Care Unit: An Early Pandemic Retrospective Case-Control Study." Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute. (22), pp. 11-34.
Article Title

Evaluation of Ayurveda in the Management of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients in an Intensive Care Unit: An Early Pandemic Retrospective Case-Control Study

Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsFergusson, Lee, Jain, Neetu, Ayyagari, Raghuram, Munjal, Yogita, Manchanda, Raj K and Cavanaugh, Kenneth L.
Journal TitleJournal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute
Journal Citation(22), pp. 11-34
Number of Pages23
Year2023
PublisherMaharishi Vedic Research Institute
Place of PublicationAustralia
ISSN2207-4783
Web Address (URL)https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-3193603798/view
Abstract

While theorists and clinicians propose Ayurvedic medicines have a salutary therapeutic effect on infectious diseases by strengthening the body’s natural immunity, few attempts have been made to examine this possible effect on the SARS-COV-2 virus during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study seeks to redress this evidentiary shortfall in critically ill patients.
The primary objective of the study is an investigation of survival rates of critically ill COVID-19 patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) of a hospital in India and administered Ayurvedic medicines along with standard modern Western medical (MWM) treatment. In a case-control study design of 241 critically ill COVID-19 patients, we compared the clinical outcomes of two groups: one group of 110 patients who received government-mandated MWM treatment; and a voluntary group of 131 patients who received both MWM treatment and recommended Ayurvedic medicines according to a Government-approved protocol.
Using logistic regression analysis, findings indicate the odds of survival for ICU patients who received both MWM and Ayurvedic medicine were 2.5 times those who received MWM only, representing an increase of 154% in the odds of survival. This study of critically ill patients thereby provides preliminary evidence of the association of Ayurvedic therapeutics and COVID-19 patients in critical care during the early phase of the pandemic in India.

KeywordsAyurveda; COVID-19; Survival Rate; Intensive Care; India
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420605. Preventative health care
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Soil washing, ozofractionation and metal sequestration: removing organic and inorganic species from contaminated soil and water
Fergusson, Lee. 2015. "Soil washing, ozofractionation and metal sequestration: removing organic and inorganic species from contaminated soil and water." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. 2 (4), pp. 574-579.
Amending highly acidic blowdown sludge by direct addition of beneficiated alumina refinery residue
Fergusson, Lee. 2015. "Amending highly acidic blowdown sludge by direct addition of beneficiated alumina refinery residue." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. 2 (3), pp. 616-624.
A culture under siege: post‐colonial higher education and teacher education in Cambodia from 1953 to 1979
Fergusson, Lee C. and Le Masson, Gildas. 1997. "A culture under siege: post‐colonial higher education and teacher education in Cambodia from 1953 to 1979." History of Education. 26 (1), pp. 91-112.
Vedic Science based education and non-verbal intelligence: a preliminary longitudinal study in Cambodia
Fergusson, Lee C., Bonshek, Anna J. and Le Masson, Gildas. 1995. "Vedic Science based education and non-verbal intelligence: a preliminary longitudinal study in Cambodia." Higher Education Research and Development. 15 (1), pp. 73-82.
A descriptive analysis of Cambodian higher education and teacher education from 1979 to the present
Fergusson, Lee C., Bonshek, Anna J. and Le Masson, Gildas. 1995. "A descriptive analysis of Cambodian higher education and teacher education from 1979 to the present." Education Research and Perspectives. 22 (2), pp. 132-148.
Remediating the Wesley Vale Pulp and Paper Mill chlor-alkali cell plant
Fergusson, Lee. 2012. "Remediating the Wesley Vale Pulp and Paper Mill chlor-alkali cell plant." Remediation Australasia.
Industrial sustainability and the circular economy as counterparts to the self-referral structure of Natural Law: Part II – a global case study
Fergusson, Lee. 2017. "Industrial sustainability and the circular economy as counterparts to the self-referral structure of Natural Law: Part II – a global case study." Open Science Journal. 2 (4), pp. 1-21.
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and the creation of world peace: part I — a literature review and thematic analysis
Fergusson, Lee. 2018. "Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and the creation of world peace: part I — a literature review and thematic analysis." Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute. 6, pp. 35-88.
A unified field chart of urban sustainability
Kettle, David, Fergusson, Lee and Wells, Geoffrey. 2018. "A unified field chart of urban sustainability." Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute. 7, pp. 69-126.
Putting Brahman to practice: the structure and function of Maharishi’s unified field chart
Fergusson, Lee, Wells, Geoffrey, Bonshek, Anna and Cavanaugh, Wendy. 2018. "Putting Brahman to practice: the structure and function of Maharishi’s unified field chart." Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute. 7, pp. 11-52.
Responding to climate change: the contribution of Maharishi Vedic science
Wells, Geoffrey, Fergusson, Lee, Kettle, David and Bonshek, Anna. 2017. "Responding to climate change: the contribution of Maharishi Vedic science." Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute. 5, pp. 79-120.
The impact of Maharishi Vedic University on Cambodian economic and social indicators from 1980 to 2015
Fergusson, Lee. 2016. "The impact of Maharishi Vedic University on Cambodian economic and social indicators from 1980 to 2015." Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute. 2, pp. 77-135.
Researching Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: an archive of publications from 1957-2015
Fergusson, Lee. 2017. "Researching Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: an archive of publications from 1957-2015." Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute. 3 (Special Issue), pp. 9-351.
Principles and practice of sustainability in Maharishi Vedic Science
Fergusson, Lee, Wells, Geoffrey and Kettle, David. 2017. "Principles and practice of sustainability in Maharishi Vedic Science." Journal of Health and Environmental Research. 3 (3-1), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.s.2017030301.11
Human development and capability: reconstructed and fulfilled through Maharishi Vedic Science
Kettle, David, Wells, Geoffrey and Fergusson, Lee. 2017. "Human development and capability: reconstructed and fulfilled through Maharishi Vedic Science." Journal of Health and Environmental Research. 3 (3-1), pp. 79-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.s.2017030301.16
Responding to climate change: the contribution of Maharishi Vedic Science
Wells, Geoffrey, Fergusson, Lee, Kettle, David and Bonshek, Anna. 2017. "Responding to climate change: the contribution of Maharishi Vedic Science." Journal of Health and Environmental Research. 3 (3-1), pp. 63-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.s.2017030301.15
Vedic science-based education, poverty removal and social well-being: a case history of Cambodia from 1980 to 2015
Fergusson, Lee. 2016. "Vedic science-based education, poverty removal and social well-being: a case history of Cambodia from 1980 to 2015." Journal of Indian Education. 41 (4), pp. 16-45.
Advances in soil amendment: vermicomposting, alumina refinery residue and cotton production in Australia
Fergusson, Lee. 2016. "Advances in soil amendment: vermicomposting, alumina refinery residue and cotton production in Australia." International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research. 2 (2), pp. 1-11.
Removing phosphate from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in the United Kingdom using a waste-to-resource model
Fergusson, Lee. 2016. "Removing phosphate from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in the United Kingdom using a waste-to-resource model." International Journal of Advanced Science and Research. 1 (1), pp. 29-38.
Reform, restructuring and rehabilitation: post-secondary education from the mid-1990s to 2010
Fergusson, Lee and King, Michael. 2017. "Reform, restructuring and rehabilitation: post-secondary education from the mid-1990s to 2010." Fergusson, Lee and Bonshek, Anna (ed.) Maharishi Vedic University in Cambodia: educational reconstruction and social renewal. Gold Coast, Australia. Maharishi Vedic Research Institute Press. pp. 51-88
All knowledge in one brain: Maharishi Vedic University and the renewal of Cambodia
Fergusson, Lee and Brown, Susan. 2017. "All knowledge in one brain: Maharishi Vedic University and the renewal of Cambodia." Fergusson, Lee and Bonshek, Anna (ed.) Maharishi Vedic University in Cambodia: educational reconstruction and social renewal. Gold Coast, Australia. Maharishi Vedic Research Institute Press. pp. 177-243
Work-based learning and research for mid-career professionals: two project examples from Australia
Fergusson, Lee, Allred, Tim, Dux, Troy and Muianga, Hugo. 2018. "Work-based learning and research for mid-career professionals: two project examples from Australia." Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Skills and Lifelong Learning. 14, pp. 19-40. https://doi.org/10.28945/3959
Work-based learning and research for mid-career professionals: professional studies in Australia
Fergusson, Lee, Allred, Tim and Dux, Troy. 2018. "Work-based learning and research for mid-career professionals: professional studies in Australia." Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Skills and Lifelong Learning. 14, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.28945/3930
The personal, social and environmental sustainability of Jainism in light of Maharishi Vedic Science
Fergusson, Lee, Wells, Geoffrey and Kettle, David. 2018. "The personal, social and environmental sustainability of Jainism in light of Maharishi Vedic Science." Environment, Development and Sustainability: a multidisciplinary approach to the theory and practice of sustainable development. 20 (4), pp. 1627-1649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-9957-1
Anthrosols and technosols: the anthropogenic signature of contaminated soils and sediments in Australia
Fergusson, Lee. 2017. "Anthrosols and technosols: the anthropogenic signature of contaminated soils and sediments in Australia." Water, Air and Soil Pollution: an international journal of environmental pollution. 228 (8), pp. 267-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3460-z
Beneficial reuse: A field trial to remediate and a bench-scale test to revegetate coal seam gas dam sediments from Queensland
Fergusson, Lee. 2014. "Beneficial reuse: A field trial to remediate and a bench-scale test to revegetate coal seam gas dam sediments from Queensland." American Journal of Environmental Protection. 3 (5), pp. 249-257. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.17
The innovative Australian university: the role of 3rd generation postgraduate research programmes
van der Laan, Luke, Ostini, Jenny, Fergusson, Lee and Allred, Timothy. 2017. "The innovative Australian university: the role of 3rd generation postgraduate research programmes." 2017 International Science of Learning Conference: Research to Reality. Brisbane, Australia 18 - 20 Sep 2017 Australia.
The Conversion and Sustainable Use of Alumina Refinery Residues: Global Solution Examples
Fergusson, Lee. 2013. "The Conversion and Sustainable Use of Alumina Refinery Residues: Global Solution Examples." Essential Readings in Light Metals: Alumina and Bauxite. Switzerland. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 965-973