A study of underground coal gasification (UCG) wastewater and sludge

Article

Fergusson, L.. 2015. "A study of underground coal gasification (UCG) wastewater and sludge." International Journal of Environmental Research. 9 (3), pp. 777-784. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2015.964
Article Title

A study of underground coal gasification (UCG) wastewater and sludge

ERA Journal ID44292
Article CategoryArticle
Authors
AuthorFergusson, L.
Journal TitleInternational Journal of Environmental Research
Journal Citation9 (3), pp. 777-784
Number of Pages8
Year2015
Place of PublicationSwitzerland
ISSN1735-6865
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2015.964
Web Address (URL)https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_964.html
Abstract

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a non-conventional method of extracting gas from coal. The primary advantage of UCG is that it recovers gas from uneconomical or unminable coal, potentially increasing the value of the world’s coal reserves by an estimated 70%; for this reason, UCGhas been implemented at sites around the world. However, the gaseous, liquid and solid waste streams which accompany UCG are
the source of known mutagens and carcinogens, and potential contamination of groundwater has been identified. In the absence of any meaningful data on UCG waste, this study sought to identify the main organic and inorganic chemical and odoriferous properties of UCG wastewater and sludge from a site in Australia, and examined the roles of oxidization, biostimulation and metal sequestration in the treatment of wastewater and sludge generated by the gasification process. Findings suggest that UCG wastewater and sludge emanate a
highly objectionable odour and contain significant concentrations of benzene, toluene, a range of petroleum
hydrocarbons, and phenols, but relatively low levels of heavy metals and no polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls. Both oxidation and biostimulation destroyed organic contaminant species by >95%, and sequestration reduced inorganic contaminant species by >94%. As this represents one of the first reliable studies to investigate UCG odour, wastewater and sludge, further research is required to better understand and document the environmental and human health effects, if any, of short-term and chronic exposure to these types of wastes.

Keywordsunderground coal gasification, UCG, wastewater, sludge, odour
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020410404. Environmental management
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Byline AffiliationsPrana World Consulting, Australia
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Putting Brahman to practice: the structure and function of Maharishi’s unified field chart
Fergusson, Lee, Wells, Geoffrey, Bonshek, Anna and Cavanaugh, Wendy. 2018. "Putting Brahman to practice: the structure and function of Maharishi’s unified field chart." Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute. 7, pp. 11-52.
Responding to climate change: the contribution of Maharishi Vedic science
Wells, Geoffrey, Fergusson, Lee, Kettle, David and Bonshek, Anna. 2017. "Responding to climate change: the contribution of Maharishi Vedic science." Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute. 5, pp. 79-120.
The impact of Maharishi Vedic University on Cambodian economic and social indicators from 1980 to 2015
Fergusson, Lee. 2016. "The impact of Maharishi Vedic University on Cambodian economic and social indicators from 1980 to 2015." Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute. 2, pp. 77-135.
Researching Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: an archive of publications from 1957-2015
Fergusson, Lee. 2017. "Researching Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: an archive of publications from 1957-2015." Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute. 3 (Special Issue), pp. 9-351.
Principles and practice of sustainability in Maharishi Vedic Science
Fergusson, Lee, Wells, Geoffrey and Kettle, David. 2017. "Principles and practice of sustainability in Maharishi Vedic Science." Journal of Health and Environmental Research. 3 (3-1), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.s.2017030301.11
Human development and capability: reconstructed and fulfilled through Maharishi Vedic Science
Kettle, David, Wells, Geoffrey and Fergusson, Lee. 2017. "Human development and capability: reconstructed and fulfilled through Maharishi Vedic Science." Journal of Health and Environmental Research. 3 (3-1), pp. 79-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.s.2017030301.16
Responding to climate change: the contribution of Maharishi Vedic Science
Wells, Geoffrey, Fergusson, Lee, Kettle, David and Bonshek, Anna. 2017. "Responding to climate change: the contribution of Maharishi Vedic Science." Journal of Health and Environmental Research. 3 (3-1), pp. 63-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.s.2017030301.15
Vedic science-based education, poverty removal and social well-being: a case history of Cambodia from 1980 to 2015
Fergusson, Lee. 2016. "Vedic science-based education, poverty removal and social well-being: a case history of Cambodia from 1980 to 2015." Journal of Indian Education. 41 (4), pp. 16-45.
Advances in soil amendment: vermicomposting, alumina refinery residue and cotton production in Australia
Fergusson, Lee. 2016. "Advances in soil amendment: vermicomposting, alumina refinery residue and cotton production in Australia." International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research. 2 (2), pp. 1-11.
Removing phosphate from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in the United Kingdom using a waste-to-resource model
Fergusson, Lee. 2016. "Removing phosphate from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in the United Kingdom using a waste-to-resource model." International Journal of Advanced Science and Research. 1 (1), pp. 29-38.
Reform, restructuring and rehabilitation: post-secondary education from the mid-1990s to 2010
Fergusson, Lee and King, Michael. 2017. "Reform, restructuring and rehabilitation: post-secondary education from the mid-1990s to 2010." Fergusson, Lee and Bonshek, Anna (ed.) Maharishi Vedic University in Cambodia: educational reconstruction and social renewal. Gold Coast, Australia. Maharishi Vedic Research Institute Press. pp. 51-88
All knowledge in one brain: Maharishi Vedic University and the renewal of Cambodia
Fergusson, Lee and Brown, Susan. 2017. "All knowledge in one brain: Maharishi Vedic University and the renewal of Cambodia." Fergusson, Lee and Bonshek, Anna (ed.) Maharishi Vedic University in Cambodia: educational reconstruction and social renewal. Gold Coast, Australia. Maharishi Vedic Research Institute Press. pp. 177-243
Work-based learning and research for mid-career professionals: two project examples from Australia
Fergusson, Lee, Allred, Tim, Dux, Troy and Muianga, Hugo. 2018. "Work-based learning and research for mid-career professionals: two project examples from Australia." Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Skills and Lifelong Learning. 14, pp. 19-40. https://doi.org/10.28945/3959
Work-based learning and research for mid-career professionals: professional studies in Australia
Fergusson, Lee, Allred, Tim and Dux, Troy. 2018. "Work-based learning and research for mid-career professionals: professional studies in Australia." Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Skills and Lifelong Learning. 14, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.28945/3930
The personal, social and environmental sustainability of Jainism in light of Maharishi Vedic Science
Fergusson, Lee, Wells, Geoffrey and Kettle, David. 2018. "The personal, social and environmental sustainability of Jainism in light of Maharishi Vedic Science." Environment, Development and Sustainability: a multidisciplinary approach to the theory and practice of sustainable development. 20 (4), pp. 1627-1649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-9957-1
Anthrosols and technosols: the anthropogenic signature of contaminated soils and sediments in Australia
Fergusson, Lee. 2017. "Anthrosols and technosols: the anthropogenic signature of contaminated soils and sediments in Australia." Water, Air and Soil Pollution: an international journal of environmental pollution. 228 (8), pp. 267-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3460-z
Beneficial reuse: A field trial to remediate and a bench-scale test to revegetate coal seam gas dam sediments from Queensland
Fergusson, Lee. 2014. "Beneficial reuse: A field trial to remediate and a bench-scale test to revegetate coal seam gas dam sediments from Queensland." American Journal of Environmental Protection. 3 (5), pp. 249-257. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.17
The innovative Australian university: the role of 3rd generation postgraduate research programmes
van der Laan, Luke, Ostini, Jenny, Fergusson, Lee and Allred, Timothy. 2017. "The innovative Australian university: the role of 3rd generation postgraduate research programmes." 2017 International Science of Learning Conference: Research to Reality. Brisbane, Australia 18 - 20 Sep 2017 Australia.
The Conversion and Sustainable Use of Alumina Refinery Residues: Global Solution Examples
Fergusson, Lee. 2013. "The Conversion and Sustainable Use of Alumina Refinery Residues: Global Solution Examples." Essential Readings in Light Metals: Alumina and Bauxite. Switzerland. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 965-973