Sex, Drugs, and Deterrence: Applying Stafford and Warr’s Reconceptualization of Deterrence Theory to Drug Driving Across the Genders

Edited book (chapter)

Watling, Christopher N., Freeman, James, Palk, Gavan and Davey, Jeremy. 2011. "Sex, Drugs, and Deterrence: Applying Stafford and Warr’s Reconceptualization of Deterrence Theory to Drug Driving Across the Genders." Palmetti, Nicholas M. and Russo, Jennifer P. (ed.) Psychology of Punishment. New York, United States. Nova Science Publishers. pp. 51-71
Chapter Title

Sex, Drugs, and Deterrence: Applying Stafford and Warr’s Reconceptualization of Deterrence Theory to Drug Driving Across the Genders

Book Chapter CategoryEdited book (chapter)
ERA Publisher ID2797
Book TitlePsychology of Punishment
AuthorsWatling, Christopher N. (Author), Freeman, James (Author), Palk, Gavan (Author) and Davey, Jeremy (Author)
EditorsPalmetti, Nicholas M. and Russo, Jennifer P.
Page Range51-71
SeriesPsychology of emotions, motivations and actions
Chapter Number3
Number of Pages21
Year2011
PublisherNova Science Publishers
Place of PublicationNew York, United States
ISBN9781613241158
9781622570140
Web Address (URL)https://novapublishers.com/shop/psychology-of-punishment/
Abstract

A consistent finding in the literature is that males report greater usage of drugs and subsequently greater amounts of drug driving. Research also suggests that vicarious influences may be more pertinent to males than to females. Utilising Stafford and Warr's (1993) reconceptualization of deterrence theory, this study sought to determine if the relative deterrent impact of zero-tolerance drug driving laws is disparate between genders. A sample of motorists (N = 899) completed a self-report questionnaire assessing participants frequency of drug driving and personal and vicarious experiences with punishment and punishment avoidance. It was found that males were significantly more likely to report future intentions of drug driving. Additionally, vicarious experiences of punishment avoidance was a more influential predictor of future drug driving instances for males with personal experiences of punishment avoidance a more influential predictor for females. This study identifies that the facilitation of drug driving between males and females is differentially influenced from different mechanisms. Importantly, this study's findings can inform gender sensitive media campaigns and interventions for convicted drug drivers.

KeywordsDeterrence; Drug driving; Drug driving laws; Gender differences; Vicarious experiences
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020520103. Forensic psychology
420604. Injury prevention
520505. Social psychology
Byline AffiliationsQueensland University of Technology
Journal TitlePsychology of Punishment
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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