Why have athletes stopped 'taking a knee'?

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Radavoi, Ciprian N. and Bromdal, Annette. 2025. "Why have athletes stopped 'taking a knee'?" The Conversation.
Article Title

Why have athletes stopped 'taking a knee'?

Article CategoryBlog
AuthorsRadavoi, Ciprian N. and Bromdal, Annette
Publication TitleThe Conversation
Year2025
Place of PublicationAustralia
Web Address (URL)https://theconversation.com/why-have-athletes-stopped-taking-a-knee-259047
KeywordsSports activism ; Racism ; Soccer; Protesting ; NFL ; Sports ; Colin Kaepernick; Sport and Society
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020480414. Sports law
441012. Sociology of inequalities
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Southern Queensland
School of Education
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Barton, Georgina, Bromdal, Annette, Burke, Katie, Fanshawe, Melissa, Farwell, Vicki, Larsen, Ellen and Pillay, Yosheen. 2023. "Publishing in the academy: An arts-based, metaphorical reflection towards self-care." The Australian Educational Researcher. 50 (4), pp. 1105-1126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-022-00547-y
Intersex awareness and education: what part can health and physical education bodies of learning and teaching play?
Hunter, Lisa, Zavros-Orr, Agli, Bromdal, Annette, Hand, Kirstine and Hart, Bonnie. 2023. "Intersex awareness and education: what part can health and physical education bodies of learning and teaching play?" Sport, Education and Society. 28 (9), pp. 1047-1067. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2022.2115477
‘Eligibility regulations for the female classification’: somatechnics, women’s bodies, and elite sport
Bromdal, Annette and Rasmussen, Mary Lou. 2022. "‘Eligibility regulations for the female classification’: somatechnics, women’s bodies, and elite sport." International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. 14 (2), pp. 239-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2022.2028878
A Critical Discourse Analysis of an Australian Incarcerated Trans Woman’s Letters of Complaint and Self-Advocacy
Halliwell, Sherree D., du Plessis, Carol, Hickey, Andrew, Gildersleeve, Jessica, Mullens, Amy B., Sanders, Tait, Clark, Kirsty A., Hughto, Jaclyn M. W., Debattista, Joseph, Phillips, Tania M., Daken, Kirstie and Bromdal, Annette. 2022. "A Critical Discourse Analysis of an Australian Incarcerated Trans Woman’s Letters of Complaint and Self-Advocacy." Ethos. 50 (2), pp. 208-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/etho.12343
Socioeconomic rights in the age of pandemics: Covid-19 large-scale lockdowns have exposed the weakness of the right to work
Radavoi, Ciprian N. and Quirico, Ottavio. 2022. "Socioeconomic rights in the age of pandemics: Covid-19 large-scale lockdowns have exposed the weakness of the right to work." Journal of Human Rights. 21 (1), pp. 73-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2021.1971071
Pedestrians’ rights in the time of the e-scooter: What happened to the ‘foot’ in footpath?
Radavoi, Ciprian N and Potter, Wellett. 2022. "Pedestrians’ rights in the time of the e-scooter: What happened to the ‘foot’ in footpath?" Alternative Law Journal . 47 (3), pp. 217-221. https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969X221108806
Law-guided CS: Ten Commandments for the 21st Century
Radavoi, Ciprian, Spencer, Elizabeth Crawford and Lee, Karen. 2022. "Law-guided CS: Ten Commandments for the 21st Century." Journal of Regulatory Compliance. 9, pp. 36-63.
Economics and Disability Rights: Inclusive Sustainability
Quirico, Ottavio and Radavoi, Ciprian. 2022. "Economics and Disability Rights: Inclusive Sustainability." Quirico, Ottavio (ed.) Inclusive Sustainability: Harmonising Disability Law and Policy . Singapore. Springer. pp. 107-129
Safe Connection Toowoomba: Connecting and Supporting LGBTQIA+ Communities
Bromdal, Annette, Phillips, Tania, Sanders, Tait, Excell, Tarra, Mullens, Amy B and Lifeline Darling Downs and South West QLD Ltd. 2022. Safe Connection Toowoomba: Connecting and Supporting LGBTQIA+ Communities. Australia. University of Southern Queensland. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23857.25446
Beyond criticism of ethics review boards: strategies for engaging research communities and enhancing ethical review processes
Hickey, Andrew, Davis, Samantha, Farmer, Will, Dawidowicz, Julianna, Moloney, Clint, Lamont-Mills, Andrea, Carniel, Jess, Pillay, Yosheen, Akenson, David, Bromdal, Annette, Gehrmann, Richard, Mills, Dean, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, Machin, Tanya, Reich, Suzanne, Southey, Kim, Crowley-Cyr, Lynda, Watanabe, Taiji, Davenport, Josh, ..., Maxwell, Jacinta. 2021. "Beyond criticism of ethics review boards: strategies for engaging research communities and enhancing ethical review processes." Journal of Academic Ethics. 20, pp. 549-567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-021-09430-4
Towards a whole-school approach for sexuality education in supporting and upholding the rights and health of students with intersex variations
Bromdal, Annette, Zavross-Orr, Agli, Hunter, Lisa, Hand, Kirstine and Hart, Bonnie. 2021. "Towards a whole-school approach for sexuality education in supporting and upholding the rights and health of students with intersex variations." Sex Education. 21 (5), pp. 568-583. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2020.1864726
The need for durable institutions for future generations: Mobilising the citizenry
Radavoi, Ciprian N. and Rayman-Bacchus, Lez. 2021. "The need for durable institutions for future generations: Mobilising the citizenry." Futures. 132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2021.102820
Homophobia, transphobia, young people and the question of responsibility
Rasmussen, Mary Lou, Sanjakdar, Fida, Allen, Louisa, Quinlivan, Kathleen and Bromdal, Annette. 2017. "Homophobia, transphobia, young people and the question of responsibility." Discourse: studies in the cultural politics of education. 38 (1), pp. 30-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2015.1104850
Competency, capability and professional identity: the case for advanced practice
Fergusson, Lee C., Bromdal, Annette, Gough, Murray and Mears, Stephen. 2020. "Competency, capability and professional identity: the case for advanced practice." Work Based Learning e-journal. 9 (1), pp. 95-131.
Questioning representations of athletes with elevated testosterone levels in elite women’s sports: a critical policy analysis
Bromdal, Annette, Olive, Rebecca and Walker, Brooke. 2020. "Questioning representations of athletes with elevated testosterone levels in elite women’s sports: a critical policy analysis." International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. 12 (4), pp. 699-715. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2020.1834432
'We don’t recognize transsexuals … and we’re not going to treat you': cruel and unusual and the lived experiences of transgender women in US prisons
Phillips, Tania, Bromdal, Annette, Mullens, Amy, Gildersleeve, Jessica and Gow, Jeff. 2020. "'We don’t recognize transsexuals … and we’re not going to treat you': cruel and unusual and the lived experiences of transgender women in US prisons." Harmes, Marcus, Harmes, Meredith and Harmes, Barbara (ed.) The Palgrave handbook of incarceration in popular culture. Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 331-360
The Pedagogical Possibilities of Critically Examining Gender and Sexuality in Initial Teacher Education Through the Lens of Intersex
Bromdal, Annette and Davis, Ian. 2020. "The Pedagogical Possibilities of Critically Examining Gender and Sexuality in Initial Teacher Education Through the Lens of Intersex." van Rensburg, Henriette and O'Neill, Shirley (ed.) Inclusive Theory and Practice in Special Education. Hershey, United States. IGI Global. pp. 99-123
A Critical Investigation of Masculinity in Education: Using a Narrative Method
Davis, Ian and Bromdal, Annette. 2020. "A Critical Investigation of Masculinity in Education: Using a Narrative Method." van Rensburg, Henriette and O'Neill, Shirley (ed.) Inclusive Theory and Practice in Special Education. Hershey, United States. IGI Global. pp. 288-300
Whole-incarceration-setting approaches to supporting and upholding the rights and health of incarcerated transgender people
Bromdal, Annette, Clark, Kirsty A., Hughto, Jaclyn M. W., Debattista, Joseph, Phillips, Tania M., Mullens, Amy B., Gow, Jeff and Daken, Kirstie. 2019. "Whole-incarceration-setting approaches to supporting and upholding the rights and health of incarcerated transgender people." International Journal of Transgenderism. 20 (4), pp. 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2019.1651684
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Freedom, Rationality, Rule of Law and Democracy: Should We Not Be Debating It?
Radavoi, Ciprian N.. 2020. "The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Freedom, Rationality, Rule of Law and Democracy: Should We Not Be Debating It?" Texas Journal on Civil Liberties and Civil Rights. 25 (2), pp. 107-129.
First Peoples and Demographic Change in Australia: Was the Constitutional Statement of Recognition Too Easily Discarded?
Radavoi, Ciprian Nicolae. 2020. "First Peoples and Demographic Change in Australia: Was the Constitutional Statement of Recognition Too Easily Discarded?" ab-Original: Journal of Indigenous Studies and First Nations and First Peoples' Cultures. 3 (2), pp. 264-274. https://doi.org/10.5325/aboriginal.3.2.0264
Advancing culture’s role in sustainable development: social change through cultural policy
Rayman-Bacchus, Lez and Radavoi, Ciprian N.. 2020. "Advancing culture’s role in sustainable development: social change through cultural policy." The International Journal of Cultural Policy. 26 (5), pp. 649-667. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2019.1624735
Isomorphic Mutation and Strategic Adaptation in China's CSR Standards for Overseas Investors
Radavoi, Ciprian N. and Bian, Yongmin. 2020. "Isomorphic Mutation and Strategic Adaptation in China's CSR Standards for Overseas Investors." Díaz, Belén Díaz, Capaldi, Nicholas, Idowu, Samuel O. and Schmidpeter, René (ed.) Responsible Business in a Changing World: New Management Approaches for Sustainable Development. Switzerland. Springer. pp. 247-270
Australian Law in Context: Social, Political and Global Perspectives
Radavoi, Ciprian and Norris, Stephen. 2020. Australian Law in Context: Social, Political and Global Perspectives. Australia. Lexis Nexis.
Memoirs and manifestos for early career researchers in gender and sexuality education research
Coll, Leanne, van Leent, Lisa and Bromdal, Annette. 2019. "Memoirs and manifestos for early career researchers in gender and sexuality education research." Jones, Tiffany, Coll, Leanne, van Leent, Lisa and Taylor, Yvette (ed.) Uplifting gender and sexuality education research. Cham, Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 279-302
Homophobia, transphobia, young people and the question of responsibility
Rasmussen, Mary Lou, Sanjakdar, Fida, Allen, Louisa, Quinlivan, Kathleen and Bromdal, Annette. 2018. "Homophobia, transphobia, young people and the question of responsibility." Halse, Christine, Hartung, Catherine and Wright, Jan (ed.) Responsibility and responsibilisation in education. Abingdon, UK. Routledge. pp. 30-42
Experiences of transgender prisoners and their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sexual behaviours and HIV/STIs: a systematic review
Mullens, Amy, Bromdal, Annette, Phillips, Tania and Gow, Jeff. 2018. "Experiences of transgender prisoners and their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sexual behaviours and HIV/STIs: a systematic review." International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 25, p. S42.
Experiences of transgender prisoners and their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sexual behaviors and HIV/STIs: a systematic review
Bromdal, Annette, Mullens, Amy B., Phillips, Tania M. and Gow, Jeff. 2019. "Experiences of transgender prisoners and their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sexual behaviors and HIV/STIs: a systematic review." International Journal of Transgenderism. 20 (1), pp. 4-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1538838
Lived experiences among transgender and gender diverse offenders and their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sexual behaviours and HIV/STIs, and knowledge and attitudes among prison officers towards transgender and gender diverse prisoners, sexuality and HIV/STIs: protocol for a systematic review
Bromdal, Annette, Mullens, Amy, Phillips, Tania and Gow, Jeff. 2017. "Lived experiences among transgender and gender diverse offenders and their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sexual behaviours and HIV/STIs, and knowledge and attitudes among prison officers towards transgender and gender diverse prisoners, sexuality and HIV/STIs: protocol for a systematic review." PROSPERO: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. 18 Sept 2017.
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank's environmental and social policies: a critical discourse analysis
Radavoi, Ciprian N. and Bian, Yongmin. 2018. "The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank's environmental and social policies: a critical discourse analysis." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy. 34, pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2017.1372301
Indirect Responsibility in Development Lending: Do Multilateral Banks Have an Obligation to Monitor Project Loans?
Radavoi, Ciprian N.. 2018. "Indirect Responsibility in Development Lending: Do Multilateral Banks Have an Obligation to Monitor Project Loans?" Texas International Law Journal. 53 (1), pp. 1-21.
In search of critical pedagogy in sexuality education: visions, imaginations, and paradoxes
Sanjakdar, Fida, Allen, Louisa, Rasmussen, Mary Lou, Quinlivan, Kathleen, Bromdal, Annette and Aspin, Clive. 2015. "In search of critical pedagogy in sexuality education: visions, imaginations, and paradoxes." Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies. 37 (1), pp. 53-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714413.2015.988537
Intersex bodies in sexuality education: on the edge of cultural difference
Bromdal, Annette, Rasmussen, Mary Lou, Sanjakdar, Fida, Allen, Louisa and Quinlivan, Kathleen. 2017. "Intersex bodies in sexuality education: on the edge of cultural difference." Allen, Louisa and Rasmussen, Mary Lou (ed.) The Palgrave handbook of sexuality education. London, United Kingdom. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 369-390
Towards the Consolidation of Movable Security Registration: Is the Successful Romanian Model Applicable in China?
Wang, Shumin, Radavoi, Ciprian N. and Scaunasu, Ion. 2017. "Towards the Consolidation of Movable Security Registration: Is the Successful Romanian Model Applicable in China?" The Chinese Journal of Comparative Law. 5 (1), pp. 173-189. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjcl/cxx006
Thoughts on the U.N. 2017 Population Prospects: Procreation-Related Internationally Wrongful Acts, and Overpopulation as Global Risk
Radavoi, Ciprian N.. 2017. "Thoughts on the U.N. 2017 Population Prospects: Procreation-Related Internationally Wrongful Acts, and Overpopulation as Global Risk." Pace International Law Review. 30 (1), pp. 119-145.
Sexuality education in public schools in Australia and Aotearoa - New Zealand
Rasmussen, Mary Lou, Sanjakdar, Fida, Quinlivan, Kathleen, Allen, Louisa, Bromdal, Annette and Aspin, Clive. 2016. "Sexuality education in public schools in Australia and Aotearoa - New Zealand." Rasmussen, Mary Lou (ed.) Progressive sexuality education: the conceits of secularism. New York. Routledge. pp. 48-70
Who's afraid of sex at school? The politics of researching culture, religion and sexuality at school
Allen, Louisa, Rasmussen, Mary Lou, Quinlivan, Kathleen, Aspin, Clive, Sanjakdar, Fida and Bromdal, Annette. 2012. "Who's afraid of sex at school? The politics of researching culture, religion and sexuality at school." International Journal of Research and Method in Education. 37 (1), pp. 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2012.754006
Meeting at the crossroads: re-conceptualising difference in research teams
Allen, Louisa, Quinlivan, Kathleen, Aspin, Clive, Sanjakdar, Fida, Bromdal, Annette and Rasmussen, Mary Lou. 2014. "Meeting at the crossroads: re-conceptualising difference in research teams." Qualitative Research Journal. 14 (2), pp. 119-133. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-08-2013-0047
Home Countries and Transnational Bribery: China’s Changing Approach
Radavoi, Ciprian and Bian, Yongmin. 2016. "Home Countries and Transnational Bribery: China’s Changing Approach." China and WTO Review. 2 (1), pp. 7-32. https://doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2016.2.1.01
The Immigration Crisis' Challenge to the Universality of Intergenerational Justice
Radavoi, Ciprian N.. 2016. "The Immigration Crisis' Challenge to the Universality of Intergenerational Justice." Journal of Identity and Migration Studies. 10 (2), pp. 34-41.
Voluntary Engagement, Compulsory Marriage? The Necessity and Opportunity of Community-Investor Environmental Arbitration
Radavoi, Ciprian. 2016. "Voluntary Engagement, Compulsory Marriage? The Necessity and Opportunity of Community-Investor Environmental Arbitration." South Carolina Journal of International Law and Business. 12 (2), pp. 117-144.
Sexuality Education in Public Schools in Australia and Aotearoa New Zeeland
Rasmussen, Mary Lou, Sanjakdar, Fida, Quinlivan, Kathleen, Allen, Louisa, Bromdal, Annette and Aspin, Clive. 2016. "Sexuality Education in Public Schools in Australia and Aotearoa New Zeeland ." Rasmussen, Mary Lou (ed.) Progressive Sexuality Education: The Conceits of Secularism. New York. Routledge. pp. 48-70
Factors Countervailing Immigrant Phobia: A Paradoxically Successful Case of Chinese Migration
Radavoi, Ciprian. 2015. "Factors Countervailing Immigrant Phobia: A Paradoxically Successful Case of Chinese Migration." Romanian Review of Political Science and International Relations. 12 (1), pp. 3-20.
Fenceline Communities and Environmentally Damaging Projects: An Asymptotically Evolving Veto Right
Radavoi, Ciprian. 2015. "Fenceline Communities and Environmentally Damaging Projects: An Asymptotically Evolving Veto Right." Tulane Environmental Law Journal. 29 (1).
Fenceline Communities and Environmentally Damaging Projects: An Asymptotically Evolving Right To Veto
Radavoi, Ciprian N.. 2015. "Fenceline Communities and Environmentally Damaging Projects: An Asymptotically Evolving Right To Veto." Tulane Environmental Law Journal. 29, pp. 1-29.
Locating local community interests between government's assurances and investor's expectations
Radavoi, Ciprian. 2015. "Locating local community interests between government's assurances and investor's expectations." Rayman-Bacchus, Lez and Walsh, Philip (ed.) Corporate Responsibility and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Nexus of Private and Public Interests . Routledge-Cavendish. pp. 81-99
Enhancing the Responsibility of Transnational Corporations: The Case for Decoupling the Environmental Issues
Radavoi, Ciprian N. and Bian, Yongmin. 2014. "Enhancing the Responsibility of Transnational Corporations: The Case for Decoupling the Environmental Issues." Environmental Law Review. 16 (3), pp. 168-182. https://doi.org/10.1350/enlr.2014.16.3.216
Why China Should Regulate Its Overseas Investors’ Environmental Behavior
Radavoi, Ciprian N. and Bian, Yongmin. 2014. "Why China Should Regulate Its Overseas Investors’ Environmental Behavior." Beijing Law Review. 5 (1), pp. 22-33. https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2014.51003
(Un)Queering the Intersex Body in Elite Sports
Brömdal, Annette C.G.. 2011. "(Un)Queering the Intersex Body in Elite Sports ." Ramello, Stefano (ed.) Fascination of Queer. United Kingdom. Brill. pp. 23-34