Victimization Within and Beyond the Prison Walls: A Latent Profile Analysis of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults
Article
Article Title | Victimization Within and Beyond the Prison Walls: A Latent Profile Analysis of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults |
---|---|
ERA Journal ID | 6424 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Hughto, Jaclyn M. W. (Author), Clark, Kirsty A. (Author), Daken, Kirstie (Author), Bromdal, Annette (Author), Mullens, Amy B. (Author), Sanders, Tait (Author), Phillips, Tania (Author), Mimiaga, Matthew J. (Author), Cahill, Sean (Author), du Plessis, Carol (Author), Gildersleeve, Jessica (Author), Halliwell, Sherree D. (Author) and Reisner, Sari L. (Author) |
Journal Title | Journal of Interpersonal Violence |
Journal of Interpersonal Violence: concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence | |
Journal Citation | 37 (23-24), pp. 23075-23106 |
Number of Pages | 32 |
Year | 2022 |
Place of Publication | United States |
ISSN | 0886-2605 |
1552-6518 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211073102 |
Web Address (URL) | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/08862605211073102 |
Abstract | Background: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people are disproportionately incarcerated in the United States relative to the general population. A dearth of quantitative research has explored victimization as a risk factor for incarceration as well as the victimization experiences of formerly incarcerated TGD populations. Methods: In 2019, 574 TGD adults completed an online survey assessing sociodemographics, victimization across settings, and incarceration history. Latent class analysis was used to identify two sets of latent subgroups based on respondent's victimization experiences: 1) lifetime victimization (low; moderate; and high) and 2) classes of victimization while incarcerated (low; moderate; and high). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses examined sociodemographic, mental health, and lifetime victimization experiences associated with lifetime incarceration (Outcome 1). Among those with incarceration histories, bivariate hierarchical logistic regression analyses also explored the association between gender identity, race/ethnicity, HIV status, visual gender non-conformity, and class of victimization during incarceration (Outcome 2). Results: Participants’ mean age was 31.4 (SD = 11.2), 43.4% had a non-binary gender identity, 81.5% were White, non-Hispanic, 2.1% were living with HIV, and 13.2% had been incarcerated. In the multivariable model for Outcome 1, high levels of victimization, age, being a racial/ethnic minority, being a trans woman, living with HIV, and past-12-month polysubstance use were all associated with increased odds of lifetime incarceration (p-values < 0.05). In the bivariate hierarchical logistic regression analyses for Outcome 2, living with HIV and having a visually gender non-conforming expression were significantly associated with elevated odds of experiencing high levels of victimization while incarcerated (p-values < 0.05). Conclusion: Findings document the relationships between victimization and incarceration among TGD people as well as identify the subpopulations at greater risk for incarceration and experiencing victimization while incarcerated. Efforts are needed to prevent victimization across the life course, including while incarcerated and support TGD individuals in coping with the negative sequelae of victimization and incarceration experiences. |
Keywords | bullying; child abuse; community violence; discrimination; incarceration; sexual assault |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 420602. Health equity |
440202. Correctional theory, offender treatment and rehabilitation | |
440508. Transgender studies | |
440209. Gender and crime | |
Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
Byline Affiliations | Brown University, United States |
Vanderbilt University, United States | |
School of Psychology and Counselling | |
School of Education | |
University of California, United States | |
Fenway Health, United States | |
School of Humanities and Communication | |
Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q72q1/victimization-within-and-beyond-the-prison-walls-a-latent-profile-analysis-of-transgender-and-gender-diverse-adults
107
total views8
total downloads10
views this month0
downloads this month
Export as
Related outputs
An Open Letter to Students: How to Be Comfortable with Being Uncomfortable
Cantrell, Kate and Gildersleeve, Jessica. 2023. "An Open Letter to Students: How to Be Comfortable with Being Uncomfortable." Sullivan, Patrick, Tinberg, Howard and Blau, Sheridan (ed.) Deep Reading, Deep Learning. New York. Peter Lang Publishing. pp. 367-70Introduction
Beel, Nathan, Chinchen, Christine, Machin, Tanya and du Plessis, Carol. 2023. "Introduction." Beel, Nathan, Chinchen, Christine, Machin, Tanya and du Plessis, Carol (ed.) Common client issues in counselling: An Australian perspective.. Australia. University of Southern Queensland. pp. 1-11Trauma in Children and Adolescence
Krishnamoorthy, Govind and Mullens, Amy B.. 2023. "Trauma in Children and Adolescence." Beel, Nathan, Chinchen, Christine, Machin, Tanya and du Plessis, Carol (ed.) Common Client Issues in Counselling: An Australian Perspective. Australia. University of Southern Queensland. pp. 189-197Trauma in Adults
Mullens, Amy B., Krishnamoorthy, Govind, Gilmour, John and Bryce, India. 2023. "Trauma in Adults." Beel, Nathan, Chinchen, Christine, Machin, Tanya and du Plessis, Carol (ed.) Common Client Issues in Counselling: An Australian Perspective. Australia. University of Southern Queensland. pp. 171-188Navigating Detransition Borders: An Exploration of Social Media Narratives
Sanders, Tait, du Plessis, Carol, Mullens, Amy B. and Bromdal, Annette. 2023. "Navigating Detransition Borders: An Exploration of Social Media Narratives ." Archives of Sexual Behavior: an interdisciplinary research journal. 52 (3), p. 1061–1072. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02556-zDeveloping the “Oppression-to-Incarceration Cycle” of Black American and First Nations Australian Trans Women: Applying the Intersectionality Research for Transgender Health Justice Framework
Clark, Kirsty A., Bromdal, Annette, Phillips, Tania, Sanders, Tait, Mullens, Amy B. and Hughto, Jaclyn M.W.. 2023. "Developing the “Oppression-to-Incarceration Cycle” of Black American and First Nations Australian Trans Women: Applying the Intersectionality Research for Transgender Health Justice Framework ." Journal Of Correctional Health Care. 29 (1), pp. 1-112. https://doi.org/10.1089/jchc.21.09.0084Transformative change comes from more than structured content: Qualitative exploration of parent experiences of a post-separation group program
Bayliss, Luke, Krishnamoorthy, Govind, Malhotra, astha, Beel, Nathan, du Plessis, Carol, Crathern, J, Hall, Stuart and Burton, L.. 2023. "Transformative change comes from more than structured content: Qualitative exploration of parent experiences of a post-separation group program." Family Relations. pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12836Make Visible: It's O.K To Be Me [Original Artwork in Group Exhibition]
Mullens, Amy, Bromdal, Annette, Batorowicz, Beata, Taylor, Brodie, Novak, Shannon, Mills-Kelly, Chris, Walker, Gwen, Pottinger, Sandy, Lostroch, Sue and Breeden, Georgia. 2022. Make Visible: It's O.K To Be Me [Original Artwork in Group Exhibition]. Toowoomba, Australia 2022 - 2023The ethics review and the humanities and social sciences: disciplinary distinctions in ethics review processes
Carniel, Jessica, Hickey, Andrew, Southey, Kim, Bromdal, Annette, Crowley-Cyr, Lynda, Eacersall, Douglas, Farmer, Will, Gehrmann, Richard, Machin, Tanya and Pillay, Yosheen. 2022. "The ethics review and the humanities and social sciences: disciplinary distinctions in ethics review processes." Research Ethics. 19 (2), pp. 139-156. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161221147202Strategies for Recruiting Migrants to Participate in a Sexual Health Survey: Methods, Results, and Lessons
Vujcich, Daniel, Brown, Graham, Durham, Jo, Gu, Zhihong, Hartley, Lisa, Lobo, Roanna, Mao, Limin, Moro, Pierogiorgio, Pillay, Vivienne, Mullens, Amy B., Oudih, Enaam, Roberts, Meagan, Wilshin, Caitlin and Reid, Alison. 2022. "Strategies for Recruiting Migrants to Participate in a Sexual Health Survey: Methods, Results, and Lessons." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19 (19), pp. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912213From Stage to Page to Screen: The Traumatic Returns of Leah Purcell’s The Drover’s Wife
Prowse, Nycole, Gildersleeve, Jessica and Cantrell, Kate. 2022. "From Stage to Page to Screen: The Traumatic Returns of Leah Purcell’s The Drover’s Wife." Social Alternatives. 41 (3), pp. 30-36. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.719953708416246