Moral Responsibility in Grade Inflation: Where Does It Lie?

Article

Radavoi, C., Collins, P. and Quadrelli, C.. 2025. "Moral Responsibility in Grade Inflation: Where Does It Lie?" Journal of Academic Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-025-09627-x
Article Title

Moral Responsibility in Grade Inflation: Where Does It Lie?

ERA Journal ID20375
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsRadavoi, C., Collins, P. and Quadrelli, C.
Journal TitleJournal of Academic Ethics
Article Numberadvance online
Year2025
ISSN1570-1727
1572-8544
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-025-09627-x
Web Address (URL)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10805-025-09627-x?utm_source=rct_congratemailt&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=oa_20250410&utm_content=10.1007%2Fs10805-025-09627-x#citeas
Abstract

Grade inflation has been shown in this and other academic journals to be an unethical academic practice. Where the moral responsibility lies is, however, not entirely clear. Various studies directly or impliedly point to the grader (university lecturer, tenured or casual), said to inflate grades mainly in return for positive student evaluations. This article employs empirical (academics’ feelings about grade inflation) and conceptual (coercion theory) tools to further elucidate the proper allocation of blame. We find that depending on the individual circumstances of the grader, some can be exonerated from blame, as having acted under coercion when inflating grades.

Keywordsgrade inflation; coercion; student evaluation of teaching (SET); applied ethics; higher education
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020390303. Higher education
500199. Applied ethics not elsewhere classified
489999. Other law and legal studies not elsewhere classified
Byline AffiliationsSchool of Law and Justice
Institute for Resilient Regions
Academic Transformation Portfolio
Academic Quality Unit
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Radavoi, Ciprian N.. 2016. "The Immigration Crisis' Challenge to the Universality of Intergenerational Justice." Journal of Identity and Migration Studies. 10 (2), pp. 34-41.
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Radavoi, Ciprian. 2016. "Voluntary Engagement, Compulsory Marriage? The Necessity and Opportunity of Community-Investor Environmental Arbitration." South Carolina Journal of International Law and Business. 12 (2), pp. 117-144.
Renewal of the LLB transition curriculum for the new quality regime
Collins, Pauline, Corbett-Jarvis, Nichola, Galloway, Kate, Schillmoller, Anne, Shircore, Mandy, Thiriet, Dominique and Bradshaw, Rachel. 2014. "Renewal of the LLB transition curriculum for the new quality regime." Wolff, Leon and Nicolae, Maria (ed.) The First-Year Law Experience: A New Beginning. Ultimo, N.S.W.. Halstead Press. pp. 130-145
Enforcement of international law obligations concerning private military security corporations
Collins, Pauline. 2014. "Enforcement of international law obligations concerning private military security corporations." University of Tasmania Law Review. 33 (1), pp. 28-55.
Factors Countervailing Immigrant Phobia: A Paradoxically Successful Case of Chinese Migration
Radavoi, Ciprian. 2015. "Factors Countervailing Immigrant Phobia: A Paradoxically Successful Case of Chinese Migration." Romanian Review of Political Science and International Relations. 12 (1), pp. 3-20.
Fenceline Communities and Environmentally Damaging Projects: An Asymptotically Evolving Veto Right
Radavoi, Ciprian. 2015. "Fenceline Communities and Environmentally Damaging Projects: An Asymptotically Evolving Veto Right." Tulane Environmental Law Journal. 29 (1).
Fenceline Communities and Environmentally Damaging Projects: An Asymptotically Evolving Right To Veto
Radavoi, Ciprian N.. 2015. "Fenceline Communities and Environmentally Damaging Projects: An Asymptotically Evolving Right To Veto." Tulane Environmental Law Journal. 29, pp. 1-29.
Locating local community interests between government's assurances and investor's expectations
Radavoi, Ciprian. 2015. "Locating local community interests between government's assurances and investor's expectations." Rayman-Bacchus, Lez and Walsh, Philip (ed.) Corporate Responsibility and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Nexus of Private and Public Interests . Routledge-Cavendish. pp. 81-99
Feminist Criminology by Claire Renzetti
Quadrelli, Carol. 2015. "Feminist Criminology by Claire Renzetti." International Journal For Crime, Justice and Social Democracy. 4 (1), pp. 128-130. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v4i1.218
Getting it right: transparency, moderation and benchmarking across the first year curriculum
Shircore, Mandy, Corbett-Jarvis, Nichola, Collins, Pauline and Schillmoller, Anne. 2011. "Getting it right: transparency, moderation and benchmarking across the first year curriculum." 66th Conference of the Australasian Law Teachers Association (ALTA 2011): My Lawyer Rules: Assuring Legal and Education Standards. Brisbane, Australia 03 - 06 Jul 2011 Sydney, Australia.
An active citizen: a personal female response
Collins, P. T.. 2010. "An active citizen: a personal female response." Language and Culture Symposium 2010. Toowoomba, Australia 22 Sep 2010 Toowoomba, Australia.
Birthing change
Collins, Pauline. 2013. "Birthing change." Arena Magazine.
Enhancing the Responsibility of Transnational Corporations: The Case for Decoupling the Environmental Issues
Radavoi, Ciprian N. and Bian, Yongmin. 2014. "Enhancing the Responsibility of Transnational Corporations: The Case for Decoupling the Environmental Issues." Environmental Law Review. 16 (3), pp. 168-182. https://doi.org/10.1350/enlr.2014.16.3.216
Why China Should Regulate Its Overseas Investors’ Environmental Behavior
Radavoi, Ciprian N. and Bian, Yongmin. 2014. "Why China Should Regulate Its Overseas Investors’ Environmental Behavior." Beijing Law Review. 5 (1), pp. 22-33. https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2014.51003
Student reflections on the inclusion of ADR in the law curriculum
Collins, Pauline. 2012. "Student reflections on the inclusion of ADR in the law curriculum." 2012 ADR in Legal Education and Promoting Student Wellbeing Forum. Melbourne, Australia 20 - 21 Feb 2012 Sydney, Australia.
Al-Skeini v United Kingdom (2011) 53 EHRR 18
Collins, Pauline. 2012. "Al-Skeini v United Kingdom (2011) 53 EHRR 18." Australian International Law Journal. 19, pp. 267-277.
Cracking the code: a checklist to complement CRAs for first year Justice students
Quadrelli, Carol and Grevis-James, Nancy. 2013. "Cracking the code: a checklist to complement CRAs for first year Justice students." QUT Learning and Teaching Grants Symposium (2013). Brisbane, Australia 07 Nov 2013 Brisbane, Australia.
Student reflections on the benefits of studying ADR to provide experience of non-adversarial practice
Collins, Pauline. 2012. "Student reflections on the benefits of studying ADR to provide experience of non-adversarial practice." Australasian Dispute Resolution Journal. 23 (3), pp. 204-215.
The civil courts' challenge to military justice and its impact on the civil-military relationship
Collins, Pauline. 2011. "The civil courts' challenge to military justice and its impact on the civil-military relationship." Duxbury, Alison and Groves, Matthew (ed.) APCML 2011: Military Justice in the Modern Age. Melbourne, Australia 04 - 05 Nov 2011
Benchmarking first year assessment and standards across three institutions in the first year of a law program
Collins, Pauline, Corbett-Jarvis, Nichola, Shircore, Mandy and Schillmoller, Anne. 2011. "Benchmarking first year assessment and standards across three institutions in the first year of a law program." First Year Experience in Law: A New Beginning? (2011). Gold Coast, Australia 02 Jul 2011 Gold Coast, Australia.
Legal educators' perceptions of lifelong learning: conceptualisation and practice
Hammer, Sara Jeanne, Chardon, Toni, Collins, Pauline and Hart, Caroline. 2012. "Legal educators' perceptions of lifelong learning: conceptualisation and practice." International Journal of Lifelong Education. 31 (2), pp. 187-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2012.663803
Criterion referenced assessment as a form of feedback: student and staff perceptions in the initial stages of a new law degree
Chardon, Toni, Collins, Pauline, Hammer, Sara and Hart, Caroline. 2011. "Criterion referenced assessment as a form of feedback: student and staff perceptions in the initial stages of a new law degree." International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning. 6 (3), pp. 232-242. https://doi.org/10.5172/ijpl.2011.6.3.232
Academics and assessment: the forgotten meat in the sandwich in the current higher education environment?
Collins, Pauline, Brackin, Toni and Hart, Caroline Lydia. 2010. "Academics and assessment: the forgotten meat in the sandwich in the current higher education environment?" Harris, Bruce (ed.) 65th Conference of the Australasian Law Teachers' Association (ALTA 2010): Power, Regulation and Responsibility: Lawyers in Times of Transition. Auckland, New Zealand 04 - 07 Jul 2010 Sydney, Australia.
Community learning: member's stories about their academic community of practice
McDonald, Jacquelin, Collins, Pauline, Hingst, Raymond D., Kimmins, Lindy, Lynch, Bernadette and Star, Cassandra. 2008. "Community learning: member's stories about their academic community of practice." 31st Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia Annual Conference (HERDSA 2008). Rotorua, New Zealand 01 - 04 Jul 2008 Sydney, Australia.
The new autonomous corporate warriors and their implications for humanity
Collins, Pauline. 2006. "The new autonomous corporate warriors and their implications for humanity." Yearbook of New Zealand Jurisprudence. 9, pp. 15-45.
Costs of cooperation rather than competition in the provision of justice?
Collins, Pauline. 2005. "Costs of cooperation rather than competition in the provision of justice?" Australian Journal of Public Administration. 64 (3), pp. 112-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2005.00456.x
The real deal: using authentic assessment to promote student engagement in the first and second years of a regional law program
Hart, Caroline, Hammer, Sara, Collins, Pauline and Chardon, Toni. 2011. "The real deal: using authentic assessment to promote student engagement in the first and second years of a regional law program." Legal Education Review. 21 (1), pp. 97-121.
Rocky rhetoric and hard reality: the academic's dilemma surrounding assessment
Collins, Pauline, Brackin, Toni and Hart, Caroline. 2010. "Rocky rhetoric and hard reality: the academic's dilemma surrounding assessment." Legal Education Review. 20 (1-2), pp. 129-164.
Inclusive team assessment of off-campus and on-campus first year law students using instantaneous communication technology
Collins, Pauline. 2010. "Inclusive team assessment of off-campus and on-campus first year law students using instantaneous communication technology." The Law Teacher. 44 (3), pp. 309-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069400.2010.524028
Mediators' authentic presence: ways of knowing our primitive selves
Collins, Pauline. 2010. "Mediators' authentic presence: ways of knowing our primitive selves." Australasian Dispute Resolution Journal. 21 (2), pp. 85-96.
Engaging on-campus and external law students through new technology and team work providing: creative assessment, motivation, equity and reducing isolation
Collins, Pauline. 2009. "Engaging on-campus and external law students through new technology and team work providing: creative assessment, motivation, equity and reducing isolation." 3rd National GAP Symposia. Brisbane, Australia 02 Jul 2009 Sydney, Australia.
Australian law dictionary [contributions]
Collins, Pauline. 2009. "Australian law dictionary [contributions]." Mann, Trischa (ed.) Australian law dictionary. Melbourne, Australia. Oxford University Press.
Extending and Leveraging Project Outcomes
Choy, Sarojini, Quadrelli, Carol A. and Matthews, Judy. 2010. Extending and Leveraging Project Outcomes. Brisbane, Australia. Queensland University of Technology.
What is good for the goose should be good for the gander: the operation of the Rome Statute in the Australian context
Collins, Pauline. 2009. "What is good for the goose should be good for the gander: the operation of the Rome Statute in the Australian context." University of New South Wales Law Journal. 32 (1), pp. 106-142.
God, Queen and country: their place in a team assessment, using instantaneous audio visual communication technology, with external and on-campus students in a first year law course
Collins, Pauline. 2009. "God, Queen and country: their place in a team assessment, using instantaneous audio visual communication technology, with external and on-campus students in a first year law course." Pinto, Dale (ed.) 64th Conference of the Australasian Law Teachers' Association: The doctor as GOD, the Corporation as QUEEN, What About the Country? (ALTA 2009). Sydney, Australia 05 - 08 Jul 2009 Sydney, Australia.
It's just another war!
Collins, Pauline. 2008. "It's just another war!" Social Responsibility Journal. 4 (3), pp. 366-377.
It's just Another War
Collins Pauline. 2008. "It's just Another War." Social Responsibility Journal. 4 (3), pp. 366-377. https://doi.org/10.1108/17471110810892866
How Welfare to Work and WorkChoices will change womens' lives
Collins, Pauline and Gray, Anthony. 2006. "How Welfare to Work and WorkChoices will change womens' lives." Bailey, Janis, Broadbent, Kaye, Edwards, Linda, McDonald, Paula and Whitehouse, Gillian (ed.) Our Work .... Our Lives: National Conference on Women & Industrial Relations (2006). Brisbane, Australia 12 - 14 Jul 2006 Brisbane, Australia.
Peeling off the layers on values: how do they influence your education, employment and everything
Collins, Pauline, Dorman, Marilyn and Lawrence, Jill. 2007. "Peeling off the layers on values: how do they influence your education, employment and everything." Albion, Majella J. and Collins, Pauline (ed.) 2007 International Women's Conference: Education, Employment and Everything... theTriple Layers of a Woman's Life. Toowoomba, Australia 26 - 29 Sep 2007 Toowoomba, Australia.
The interplay of Welfare to Work and WorkChoices
Gray, Anthony and Collins, Pauline. 2007. "The interplay of Welfare to Work and WorkChoices." Hecate: an interdisciplinary journal of women's liberation. 33 (1), pp. 126-140.
Worry to women of Welfare to Work and WorkChoices
Collins, Pauline and Gray, Anthony. 2006. "Worry to women of Welfare to Work and WorkChoices." 61st Conference of the Australasian Law Teachers' Association (ALTA 2006). Melbourne, Australia 04 - 07 Jul 2006 Sydney, Australia.
Inmate women as participants in education in Queensland correctional centres
Danby, Susan, Farrell, Ann, Skoien, Petra and Quadrelli, Carol. 2000. "Inmate women as participants in education in Queensland correctional centres." Women in Corrections: Staff and Clients Conference (2000). Adelaide, Australia 31 Oct - 01 Nov 2000 Brisbane, Australia.