The Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Protective Behavioral Intentions against PM2.5 in Parents of Young Children from Urban and Rural Beijing, China

Article

Liu, Shumei, Chiang, Yi-Te, Tseng, Chie-Chien, Ng, Eric, Yeh, Gwo-Liang and Fang, Wei-Ta. 2018. "The Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Protective Behavioral Intentions against PM2.5 in Parents of Young Children from Urban and Rural Beijing, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15 (10), pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102215

Article Title	The Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Protective Behavioral Intentions against PM2.5 in Parents of Young Children from Urban and Rural Beijing, China
ERA Journal ID	44293
Article Category	Article
Authors	Liu, Shumei (Author), Chiang, Yi-Te (Author), Tseng, Chie-Chien (Author), Ng, Eric (Author), Yeh, Gwo-Liang (Animator) and Fang, Wei-Ta (Author)
Journal Title	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Journal Citation	15 (10), pp. 1-17
Article Number	2215
Number of Pages	17
Year	2018
Publisher	MDPI AG
Place of Publication	Basel, Switzerland
ISSN	1660-4601
	1661-7827
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102215
Web Address (URL)	https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/10/2215
Abstract	Smog and air pollution have fast become significant environmental problems, and are attributed to rapid global industrialization and urbanization. Emissions of fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) increase smog and air pollution, with strong impacts on human health. Children are particularly vulnerable. While increasing studies are being conducted on the behaviors leading to PM2.5 toxicity from the perspective of environmental toxicants, there is a lack of research on factors influencing anti-PM2.5 behavioral intentions. Thus, this study aims to narrow this gap by adapting the theory of planned behavior framework to investigate the effects of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on protective behavioral intentions against PM2.5. In total, 1277 online questionnaires were collected from parents of young children living in urban and rural areas of Beijing, and the data was analyzed using correlation, regression, and path analyses. Results revealed that there were significant differences between parents from urban and rural areas in terms of attitude (t = 4.727 > 1.96, p < 0.001), subjective norms (t = 5.529 > 1.96, p < 0.001), perceived behavioral control (t = 6.155 > 1.96, p < 0.001), and anti-PM2.5 behavioral intentions (t = 6.838 > 1.96, p < 0.001). Path analysis revealed that parents from urban and rural areas had different behavioral intention paths. For urban parents, the findings indicated that subjective norms (β = 0.73, t = 21.84 > 3.29) and perceived behavioral control (γ = 0.22, t = 6.12 > 3.29) had direct impacts on anti-PM2.5 behavioral intentions. In contrast, the attitudes (γ = 0.39, t = 3.74 > 3.29) and subjective norms (β = 0.60, t = 8.55 > 3.29) of rural parents were found to directly influence anti-PM2.5 behavioral intentions.
Keywords	theory of planned behavior; anti-PM2.5 behavioral intention; young children’s parents; rural and urban areas
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020	350699. Marketing not elsewhere classified
	410499. Environmental management not elsewhere classified
Byline Affiliations	National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
	School of Management and Enterprise
Institution of Origin	University of Southern Queensland

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