A Proposed New Multi-Dimensional Factor Fraud Framework for International Non-governmental Organizations (INGOs): A Vietnam Perspective

A Proposed New Multi-Dimensional Factor Fraud Framework for International Non-governmental Organizations (INGOs): A Vietnam Perspective

A systematic literature review methodology reviewed not only Cressey’s fraud triangle, and associated theoretical studies during 1950–2023, to identify gaps in the literature, but also International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 240, and practice. A new holistic fraud frameworkhaving broader scope and criteria contributes at the international level for the INGO/NPO sector in Vietnam to prevent accounting fraud.First, the new framework is the first global scope fraud evaluation framework dedicated to the INGO/NPO sector. Second, the new framework includes different fraud occurrence stages criteria (undetected, suspected, actual/detected, and future) that uses a multi-dimensional approach (individual-level, organizational-level, industry-level, and country-level factors) for addressing these fraud stages.

The SLR methodology helps demonstrate that the multi-dimensional approach is likely to contribute to fraud evaluation in the Vietnamese INGO/NPO sector. This new holistic fraud framework may make a timely multiple contribution to the literature. First, the new framework may enhance the quality of the ISA 240 standard revision process, which is currently being in progress, with the final approval due in the first half of 2025. Finally, the new international fraud framework has practical implications for future research for Vietnam, and elsewhere. Future research should not only investigate accounting fraud prevention but also the array of fraud occurrences, including predicting future fraud.

Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions, but may be accessed online. Please see the link in the URL field.