Roadblocks and Enablers for Teacher Engagement in Professional Development Opportunities Aimed at Supporting Trauma-informed Classroom Pedagogical Practice

Article

Collier, Simone, Trimmer, Karen, Bryce, India and Krishnamoorthy, Govind. 2022. "Roadblocks and Enablers for Teacher Engagement in Professional Development Opportunities Aimed at Supporting Trauma-informed Classroom Pedagogical Practice." Journal of Graduate Education Research. 3, pp. 51-65.
Article Title

Roadblocks and Enablers for Teacher Engagement in Professional Development Opportunities Aimed at Supporting Trauma-informed Classroom Pedagogical Practice

Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsCollier, Simone (Author), Trimmer, Karen (Author), Bryce, India (Author) and Krishnamoorthy, Govind (Author)
Journal TitleJournal of Graduate Education Research
Journal Citation3, pp. 51-65
Article Number10
Number of Pages15
Year2022
PublisherHarding University
Place of PublicationUnited States
Web Address (URL)https://scholarworks.harding.edu/jger/vol3/iss1/10/
Abstract

This paper is based on a research approach that aims to explore and explain the roadblocks and enablers for mainstream classroom teachers engaging in professional development and training focused on trauma informed pedagogical practices.. Teachers seeking resources that promote discrete behavioural and cognitive skills in the social emotional developmental domain can easily access advocacy, policy articles and resource materials that are in the form of guides, toolkits, and programs. Notwithstanding this, a second focus area is the relational approach whereby the main tenet is children’s social, emotional, and cognitive development is dependent on the relational context in which they spend their time. It is an area that emphasises the interpersonal skills of adults rather than focusing on the knowledge and behavioural skills of the child. A considerable body of research exists that supports the relational approach of trauma informed practice to mitigate the effects of risk factors in the lives of children with developmental trauma. The aim of this paper is to assess and discuss the methodology, rationale, and results for this research through examining the qualitative research process undertaken with a group of mainstream primary school teachers. This paper will examine the outcomes of the teacher interviews that highlight the roadblocks and enablers for teachers engaging in education and training to enhance their skills and knowledge on being trauma informed in their teaching practices. These results have significant implications for future framework development in school settings.

KeywordsTeacher engagement; roadblocks; education
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020390307. Teacher education and professional development of educators
520102. Educational psychology
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Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Southern Queensland
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Mullens, Amy B, Krishnamoorthy, Govind, She, Eidin Ni and Burton, Lorelle. 2022. "Applications and Careers in Psychology within Public Health and Community Settings to Build Wellbeing and Promote Social Justice." Machin, Tony, Machin, Tanya, Jeffries, Carla, Hoare, Nancey and Abel, Susan (ed.) The Australian Handbook for Careers in Psychological Science. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland. pp. 297-325
Coping with COVID: Pandemic Narratives for Australian Children
Gildersleeve, Jessica, Cantrell, Kate, Bryce, India, Daken, Kirstie, Durham, Jo, Mullens, Amy, Batorowicz, Beata, Johnson, Rhiannan, Gildersleeve J., Cantrell K., Bryce I., Daken K., Durham J., Mullens A., Batorowicz B. and Johnson R.. 2022. "Coping with COVID: Pandemic Narratives for Australian Children." Heliyon. 8 (5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09454
Abused, Neglected, Abandoned: Did Roald Dahl Hate Children as Much as the Witches Did?
Cantrell, Kate, Bryce, India and Gildersleeve, Jessica. 2021. "Abused, Neglected, Abandoned: Did Roald Dahl Hate Children as Much as the Witches Did?" The Conversation.
Sustaining interdisciplinary work in trauma‑informed education
Krishnamoorthy, Govind and Ayre, Kay. 2022. "Sustaining interdisciplinary work in trauma‑informed education." The Australian Educational Researcher. 49 (3), pp. 529-546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-021-00483-3
Identifying Cumulative Harm in Helping Professionals: A Measure of Impact
Bryce, India. 2022. Identifying Cumulative Harm in Helping Professionals: A Measure of Impact . PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland. https://doi.org/10.26192/x8zx4
Balancing the Needs of the School Community: Implementing Trauma-Informed Behaviour Supports in an Australian Regional Primary School
Ayre, Kay, Krishnamoorthy, Govind, Rees, Bronwyn and Berger, Emily. 2022. "Balancing the Needs of the School Community: Implementing Trauma-Informed Behaviour Supports in an Australian Regional Primary School." Australian Journal of Teacher Education. 47 (9), pp. 43-61. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2022v47n9.3
Proceed with Caution: The Trouble with Trigger Warnings
Gildersleeve, Jessica, Bryce, India and Cantrell, Kate. 2022. "Proceed with Caution: The Trouble with Trigger Warnings." The Conversation.
Utilisation of Digital Applications for Personal Recovery Amongst Youth with Mental Health Concerns
Dallinger, Vicki C., Krishnamoorthy, Govind, du Plessis, Carol, Pillai-Sasidharan, Arun, Ayres, Alice, Waters, Lillian, Groom, Yasmin, Alston, Olivia, Anderson, Linda and Burton, Lorelle. 2022. "Utilisation of Digital Applications for Personal Recovery Amongst Youth with Mental Health Concerns." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19 (24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416818
Exploration of the Barriers and Enablers of Mainstream Classroom Teachers Accessing Professional Development on Trauma Informed Classroom Pedagogy: The Nativity of the Embrace Framework
Collier, Simone. 2022. Exploration of the Barriers and Enablers of Mainstream Classroom Teachers Accessing Professional Development on Trauma Informed Classroom Pedagogy: The Nativity of the Embrace Framework. PhD by Publication Doctor of Professional Studies. University of Southern Queensland. https://doi.org/10.26192/q7q9z
A snapshot of the Family Law Pathways Network Program: working at the local community level
Collins, Pauline, Bryce, India and Nugent, Timothy. 2021. "A snapshot of the Family Law Pathways Network Program: working at the local community level." Australian Journal of Family Law. 34 (2), pp. 97-128.
Addressing cumulative harm: responding to chronic child maltreatment in the context of an intensive family support service
Collier, Simone and Bryce, India. 2021. "Addressing cumulative harm: responding to chronic child maltreatment in the context of an intensive family support service." Journal of Children's Services. 16 (3), pp. 249-266. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCS-10-2020-0058
A systematic literature review of the career choice of helping professionals who have experienced cumulative harm as a result of adverse childhood experiences
Bryce, India, Pye, David, Beccaria, Gavin, McIlveen, Peter and du Preez, Jan. 2023. "A systematic literature review of the career choice of helping professionals who have experienced cumulative harm as a result of adverse childhood experiences." Trauma, Violence and Abuse: a review journal. 24 (1), pp. 72-85. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211016016
The Need for an Understanding of Education Law Principles by School Principals
Butlin, Mark and Trimmer, Karen. 2018. "The Need for an Understanding of Education Law Principles by School Principals." Trimmer, Karen, Dixon, Roselyn and Findlay, Yvonne S. (ed.) The Palgrave handbook of education law for schools. Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 3-21
Educational innovation: challenges of conducting and applying research in schools
Trimmer, Karen, Donovan, Jennifer and Flegg, Nicholas. 2020. "Educational innovation: challenges of conducting and applying research in schools." Donovan, Jennifer, Trimmer, Karen and Flegg, Nicholas (ed.) Curriculum, schooling and applied research: challenges and tensions for researchers. Cham, Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 1-17
Trauma informed behaviour support: a practical guide to developing resilient learners
Ayre, Kay and Krishnamoorthy, Govind. Anderson, Nikki (ed.) 2020. Trauma informed behaviour support: a practical guide to developing resilient learners. Australia. University of Southern Queensland.
Tsiolkas in the Classroom: Confronting Our Discomfort
Gildersleeve, Jessica, Cantrell, Kate, Prowse, Nycole, Bickle, Sharon and Bryce, India. 2021. "Tsiolkas in the Classroom: Confronting Our Discomfort." Antipodes. 35 (1-2), pp. 83-101.
Evaluating frameworks for practice in mainstream primary school classrooms catering for children with developmental trauma: an analysis of the literature
Collier, Simone, Bryce, India, Trimmer, Karen and Krishnamoorthy, Govind. 2020. "Evaluating frameworks for practice in mainstream primary school classrooms catering for children with developmental trauma: an analysis of the literature." Children Australia. 45 (SI4), pp. 258-265. https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.53
Indigenous postgraduate education
Trimmer, Karen, Hoven, Debra and Keskitalo, Pigga. 2020. "Indigenous postgraduate education." Trimmer, Karen, Hoven, Debra and Keskitalo, Pigga (ed.) Indigenous postgraduate education: intercultural perspectives. Charlotte, NC, United States. Information Age Publishing. pp. 3-14
Through Benevolent Eyes: the Differential Efficacy of Perspective Taking and Cognitive Reappraisalon the Regulation of Shame
Krishnamoorthy, Govind, Davis, Penelope, O'Donovan, Analise, McDermott, Brett and Mullens, Amy. 2021. "Through Benevolent Eyes: the Differential Efficacy of Perspective Taking and Cognitive Reappraisalon the Regulation of Shame." International Journal of Cognitive Therapy. 14 (2), pp. 263-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-020-00085-4
TQM's presence within legal systems: example of impact on Australian higher education
Padro, Fernando F., Trimmer, Karen, Chang, Heejin and Green, Jonathan. 2024. "TQM's presence within legal systems: example of impact on Australian higher education." The TQM Journal. 36 (7), pp. 1845-1864. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2019-0307
Child sexual abuse: Complexities and contexts
Bryce, India. 2020. "Child sexual abuse: Complexities and contexts." Bryce, India and Petherick, Wayne (ed.) Child Sexual Abuse: Forensic Issues in Evidence, Impact, and Management. London, United Kingdom. Elsevier. pp. 3-25
Coping with COVID-19: Understanding and managing the impact of pandemics
Krishnamoorthy, Govind and Rees, Bronwyn. 2020. "Coping with COVID-19: Understanding and managing the impact of pandemics." Coping with COVID-19: Returning to face-to-face learning: Training provided to Goodna State School staff (2020). Goodna, Australia 08 May 2020
Trauma informed care: Adverse childhood experiences and its implications for health care
Krishnamoorthy, Govind and Bradley, Julie. 2020. "Trauma informed care: Adverse childhood experiences and its implications for health care." Australian Physiotherapy Association Online Seminar series: Trauma informed care: Implications for physiotherapists (2020). Online 23 May 2020
The impact of abuse and neglect on children: Understanding challenging behaviour and trauma informed practice
Krishnamoorthy, Govind. 2019. "The impact of abuse and neglect on children: Understanding challenging behaviour and trauma informed practice." The Pyjama Foundation Seminar Series: The impact of abuse and neglect on children (2019). Toowoomba, Australia 15 Oct 2019
Trauma informed care in early childhood education
Krishnamoorthy, Govind and Ayre, Kay. 2020. "Trauma informed care in early childhood education." Developmental Trauma and the Brain: Three part online professional development seminar for Gowrie NSW (2020). Online 06 Apr - 18 May 2020
Child sexual abuse in the context of disability
Bryce, India and Glasby, Karen. 2020. "Child sexual abuse in the context of disability." Bryce, India and Petherick, Wayne (ed.) Child Sexual Abuse: Forensic Issues in Evidence, Impact, and Management. London, United Kingdom. Elsevier. pp. 137-158
Towards a Culturally Inclusive Model of Care: Quality Practice and Care Through the Lens of a Practising Nurse
Goldman, Natalie and Trimmer, Karen. 2019. "Towards a Culturally Inclusive Model of Care: Quality Practice and Care Through the Lens of a Practising Nurse." Trimmer, Karen, Newman, Tara and Padro, Fernando (ed.) Ensuring quality in professional education volume I: human client fields pedagogy and knowledge structures. Cham, Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 123-149
Responding to the accumulation of adverse childhood experiences in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for practice
Bryce, India. 2020. "Responding to the accumulation of adverse childhood experiences in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for practice." Children Australia. 45 (2), pp. 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.27
Helping children who have been affected by bushfires
Krishnamoorthy, Govind, Ayre, Kay and Rees, Bronwyn. 2020. "Helping children who have been affected by bushfires." Reflections. 2020 (1), pp. 3-6.
Effects of the ‘Circle of Security’ group parenting program (COS-P) with foster carers: An observational study
Krishnamoorthy, Govind, Hessing, Paula, Middeldorp, Christel and Branjerdporn, Melissa. 2020. "Effects of the ‘Circle of Security’ group parenting program (COS-P) with foster carers: An observational study." Children and Youth Services Review. 115, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105082
Child abuse and neglect: forensic issues in evidence, impact and management
Bryce, India, Robinson, Yolande and Petherick, Wayne. 2019. Child abuse and neglect: forensic issues in evidence, impact and management. London, United Kingdom. Elsevier.
School leadership and Aboriginal student outcomes: systematic review
Trimmer, Karen, Dixon, Rose and Guenther, John. 2021. "School leadership and Aboriginal student outcomes: systematic review." Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education. 49 (1), pp. 20-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2019.1685646
Skilling up: evaluation of a design-based research methodology
Trimmer, Karen. 2020. "Skilling up: evaluation of a design-based research methodology." The Australian Educational Researcher. 47 (2), pp. 357-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-019-00336-0
Cumulative harm: chronicity, re-victimisation and developmental victimology
Bryce, India. 2019. "Cumulative harm: chronicity, re-victimisation and developmental victimology." Bryce, India, Robinson, Yolande and Petherick, Wayne (ed.) Child abuse and neglect: forensic issues in evidence, impact and management. London, United Kingdom. Elsevier. pp. 151-173
Cumulative risk and harm: the condition of accumulation in child maltreatment
Bryce, India. 2018. "Cumulative risk and harm: the condition of accumulation in child maltreatment." Communities, Children and Families Australia. 12 (1), pp. 7-22.
The need for case studies to illustrate quality practice: teaching in higher education to ensure quality of entry level professionals
Newman, Tara, Trimmer, Karen and Padro, Fernando F.. 2019. "The need for case studies to illustrate quality practice: teaching in higher education to ensure quality of entry level professionals." Trimmer, Karen, Newman, Tara and Padro, Fernando F (ed.) Ensuring quality in professional education volume I: human client fields pedagogy and knowledge structures. Cham, Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 1-17
How about professionalism, professions and standards: the creation of acculturated professionals
Padro, Fernando F., Kek, Megan Y. C. A., Press, Nona, Trimmer, Karen, Green, Jonathan H., Hawke, Michael F. and Hawke, Laurie. 2019. "How about professionalism, professions and standards: the creation of acculturated professionals." Trimmer, Karen, Newman, Tara and Padro, Fernando F. (ed.) Ensuring quality in professional education volume II: engineering pedagogy and international knowledge structures. Cham, Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 1-28
Child protection for educators and principals: a moral and legal obligation
Bryce, India. 2018. "Child protection for educators and principals: a moral and legal obligation." Trimmer, Karen, Dixon, Roselyn and Findlay, Yvonne S. (ed.) The Palgrave handbook of education law for schools. Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 81-104
Retention of Indigenous pre-service teachers enrolled in an Australian regional university
Trimmer, Karen, Ward, Raelene and Wondunna-Foley, Linda. 2018. "Retention of Indigenous pre-service teachers enrolled in an Australian regional university." Teaching and Teacher Education. 76 (Special Issue), pp. 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.08.006
Using the QFD matrix as a major continuous improvement tool to improve organizational quality
Mohsin, Ahmed Mansour, Padro, Fernando F. and Trimmer, Karen. 2018. "Using the QFD matrix as a major continuous improvement tool to improve organizational quality." Krishnan, Archana (ed.) Cases on quality initiatives for organizational longevity. Hershey, PA, United States. IGI Global. pp. 1-34
Cumulative harm and resilience framework: an assessment, prevention and intervention resource for helping professionals
Bryce, India. 2017. Cumulative harm and resilience framework: an assessment, prevention and intervention resource for helping professionals. South Melbourne, Australia. Cengage Learning Australia.
Meeting the cultural and service needs of Arabic international students by using QFD
Mohsin, Ahmed Mansour and Trimmer, Karen. 2018. "Meeting the cultural and service needs of Arabic international students by using QFD." Padro, Fernando F., Erwee, Ronel, Harmes, Meredith A., Harmes, Marcus K. and Danaher, Patrick Alan (ed.) Postgraduate education in higher education. Singapore. Springer. pp. 315-336
Development of a questionnaire to measure risk-taking in decision-making by school principals
Trimmer, Karen. 2017. "Development of a questionnaire to measure risk-taking in decision-making by school principals." Athens Journal of Education. 4 (3), pp. 223-251.
A review of cumulative harm: a comparison of international child protection practices
Bryce, India R.. 2018. "A review of cumulative harm: a comparison of international child protection practices." Children Australia. 43 (1), pp. 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.3
Reinventing Another Unaipon: Indigenous Science Leaders for the Future
Trimmer, Karen, Gower, Graeme and Lock, Graeme. 2018. "Reinventing Another Unaipon: Indigenous Science Leaders for the Future." The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education. 47 (2), pp. 216-225. https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2017.14
Master teachers as leaders in school-based action research
Trimmer, Karen, Donovan, Jennifer, Findlay, Yvonne S. and Mohamed, Kamariah. 2017. "Master teachers as leaders in school-based action research." Leading and Managing. 23 (2), pp. 1-12.
The impact of public policy on support services for indigenous families with children with special education needs
Trimmer, Karen and Dixon, Roselyn. 2017. "The impact of public policy on support services for indigenous families with children with special education needs." The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education. https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2017.17
Researching in-betweens: blurring the boundaries of mainstream and marginal education research
Riddle, Stewart, Black, Alison L. and Trimmer, Karen. 2015. "Researching in-betweens: blurring the boundaries of mainstream and marginal education research." Trimmer, Karen, Black, Alison L. and Riddle, Stewart (ed.) Mainstreams, margins and the spaces in-between: new possibilities for education research. Abingdon, Oxford. Routledge. pp. 1-12
Decision-making by school principals and education researchers: the dilemma of reverse coding in structural equation modeling and its resolution in a study of risk-taking in decision-making for school principals
Trimmer, Karen. 2013. "Decision-making by school principals and education researchers: the dilemma of reverse coding in structural equation modeling and its resolution in a study of risk-taking in decision-making for school principals." Papanikos, Gregory T. (ed.) 15th Annual International Conference on Education (ATINER 2013). Athens, Greece 20 - 23 May 2013 Athens, Greece.
Political pressures on international social research and evaluation
Trimmer, Karen. 2016. "Political pressures on international social research and evaluation." Research Intelligence. 131, pp. 28-29.
The pressures within: dilemmas in the conduct of evaluation from within government
Trimmer, Karen. 2016. "The pressures within: dilemmas in the conduct of evaluation from within government." Trimmer, Karen (ed.) Political pressures on educational and social research: international perspectives. Oxon, United Kingdom. Routledge. pp. 180-191
The pressures of the political on rigorous and ethical research
Trimmer, Karen. 2016. "The pressures of the political on rigorous and ethical research." Trimmer, Karen (ed.) Political pressures on educational and social research: international perspectives. Oxon, United Kingdom. Routledge. pp. 3-9
Maths challenges for pre-service teachers
Flegg, Nicholas and Trimmer, Karen. 2015. "Maths challenges for pre-service teachers." Trimmer, Karen, Black, Alison L. and Riddle, Stewart (ed.) Mainstreams, margins and the spaces in-between: new possibilities for education research. Abingdon, Oxford. Routledge. pp. 181-194
Measurement and modeling: sequential use of analytical techniques in a study of risk-taking in decision-making by school principals
Trimmer, Karen. 2016. "Measurement and modeling: sequential use of analytical techniques in a study of risk-taking in decision-making by school principals." Teacher Development. 20 (3), pp. 398-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2016.1155477
Evaluation as an educational development to improve practice: teacher ICT knowledge, skills and integration
Trimmer, Karen. 2015. "Evaluation as an educational development to improve practice: teacher ICT knowledge, skills and integration." Lock, Jennifer, Redmond, Petrea and Danaher, Patrick Alan (ed.) Educational developments, practices and effectiveness: global perspectives and contexts. Basingstoke, UK. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 93-110
The business of schools: the application of strategic management theories to risk taking in decision making in public schools
Trimmer, Karen. 2015. "The business of schools: the application of strategic management theories to risk taking in decision making in public schools." Baguley, Margaret M., Findlay, Yvonne S. and Kerby, Martin C. (ed.) Meanings and motivation in education research. New York, United States. Routledge. pp. 179-191
Impacts on awareness, access and utilisation of early intervention support services for Indigenous families living in rural and remote areas: the National Disability Insurance Scheme
Trimmer, Karen, Dixon, Roselyn and Stubbs, Kerry. 2015. "Impacts on awareness, access and utilisation of early intervention support services for Indigenous families living in rural and remote areas: the National Disability Insurance Scheme." Trimmer, Karen, Black, Alison L. and Riddle, Stewart (ed.) Mainstreams, margins and the spaces in-between: new possibilities for education research. Abingdon, Oxford. Routledge. pp. 195-208
Decision-making by school principals and education researchers: the dilemma of reverse coding in structural equation modeling and its resolution in a study of risk-taking in decision-making for school principals
Trimmer, Karen. 2014. "Decision-making by school principals and education researchers: the dilemma of reverse coding in structural equation modeling and its resolution in a study of risk-taking in decision-making for school principals." Athens Journal of Education. 1 (1), pp. 69-82.
Principals' voices via modelling? Issues of voice in quantitative studies and the use of complexity theory
Trimmer, Karen. 2014. "Principals' voices via modelling? Issues of voice in quantitative studies and the use of complexity theory." Midgley, Warren, Davies, Andy, Oliver, Mark E. and Danaher, Patrick Alan (ed.) Echoes: ethics and issues of voice in education research. Rotterdam, Netherlands. Sense Publishers. pp. 197-209
Gender differences in tertiary entrance scores
Peck, Bob and Trimmer, Karen. 1995. "Gender differences in tertiary entrance scores." Jeffery, Peter L. (ed.) Association for Research in Education Conference (AARE 1994). Newcastle, Australia Melbourne, Australia.
The late birthday effect in Western Australia
Peck, Bob and Trimmer, Karen. 1995. "The late birthday effect in Western Australia." Issues in Educational Research. 5 (1), pp. 35-52.
Synthesising the literature concerning math anxiety to inform a project on pre-service teacher retention rates
Flegg, Nicholas, Mohamed, Kamariah and Trimmer, Karen. 2013. "Synthesising the literature concerning math anxiety to inform a project on pre-service teacher retention rates." Veenstra, Cindy P. and Standridge, Charles R. (ed.) 2013 ASQ Advancing the STEM Agenda Conference. Grand Rapids, United States 03 - 04 Jun 2013 Milwaukee, WI. United States.
Independent public schools: a move to increased autonomy and devolution of decision-making in Western Australian public schools
Trimmer, Karen. 2013. "Independent public schools: a move to increased autonomy and devolution of decision-making in Western Australian public schools." Childhood Education. 89 (3), pp. 178-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2013.792703
Walking the labyrinth: a metaphorical understanding of approaches to metaphors for, in and of education research
Midgley, Warren and Trimmer, Karen. 2013. "Walking the labyrinth: a metaphorical understanding of approaches to metaphors for, in and of education research." Midgley, Warren, Trimmer, Karen and Davies, Andy (ed.) Metaphors for, in and of education research. Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 1-9
Butterflies and black swans: metaphors that provide new perspectives to understand quantitative models in educational research
Trimmer, Karen. 2013. "Butterflies and black swans: metaphors that provide new perspectives to understand quantitative models in educational research." Midgley, Warren, Trimmer, Karen and Davies, Andy (ed.) Metaphors for, in and of education research. Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 173-188
Policy for all? The impact of centrally developed, universally applied policy on decision-making in Western Australian public schools
Trimmer, Karen. 2012. "Policy for all? The impact of centrally developed, universally applied policy on decision-making in Western Australian public schools." Fan, Si, Le, Thao, Le, Quynh and Yue, Yun (ed.) 2012 International Conference: Innovative Research in a Changing and Challenging World (AUAMII 2012). Phuket, Thailand 16 - 18 May 2012 Launceston, Tasmania.