Hybrid Deep Feature Generation for Appropriate Face Mask Use Detection
Article
Article Title | Hybrid Deep Feature Generation for Appropriate Face Mask Use Detection |
---|---|
ERA Journal ID | 44293 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Aydemir, Emrah, Yalcinkaya, Mehmet Ali, Barua, Prabal Datta, Baygin, Mehmet, Faust, Oliver, Dogan, Sengul, Chakraborty, Subrata, Tuncer, Turker and Acharya, Rajendra |
Journal Title | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
Journal Citation | 19 (4) |
Article Number | 1939 |
Number of Pages | 16 |
Year | 2022 |
Publisher | MDPI AG |
Place of Publication | Switzerland |
ISSN | 1660-4601 |
1661-7827 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041939 |
Web Address (URL) | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/1939 |
Abstract | Mask usage is one of the most important precautions to limit the spread of COVID-19. Therefore, hygiene rules enforce the correct use of face coverings. Automated mask usage classification might be used to improve compliance monitoring. This study deals with the problem of inappropriate mask use. To address that problem, 2075 face mask usage images were collected. The individual images were labeled as either mask, no masked, or improper mask. Based on these labels, the following three cases were created: Case 1: mask versus no mask versus improper mask, Case 2: mask versus no mask + improper mask, and Case 3: mask versus no mask. This data was used to train and test a hybrid deep feature-based masked face classification model. The presented method comprises of three primary stages: (i) pre-trained ResNet101 and DenseNet201 were used as feature generators; each of these generators extracted 1000 features from an image; (ii) the most discriminative features were selected using an improved RelieF selector; and (iii) the chosen features were used to train and test a support vector machine classifier. That resulting model attained 95.95%, 97.49%, and 100.0% classification accuracy rates on Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3, respectively. Having achieved these high accuracy values indicates that the proposed model is fit for a practical trial to detect appropriate face mask use in real time. |
Keywords | support vector machine; face mask detection; ResNet101; DenseNet201; transfer learning; hybrid feature selector |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 400304. Biomedical imaging |
Byline Affiliations | Sakarya University, Turkey |
Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Turkey | |
School of Management and Enterprise | |
Cogninet Australia, Australia | |
University of Technology Sydney | |
Ardahan University, Turkiye | |
Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom | |
Firat University, Turkey | |
University of New England | |
Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore | |
Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS), Singapore | |
Asia University, Taiwan |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/z019v/hybrid-deep-feature-generation-for-appropriate-face-mask-use-detection
Download files
99
total views30
total downloads7
views this month3
downloads this month
Export as
Related outputs
Automated hip dysplasia detection using novel FlexiLBPHOG model with ultrasound images
Key, Sefa, Kurum, Huseyin, Esmez, Omer, Hafeez-Baig, Abdul, Hajiyeva, Rena, Dogan, Sengul and Tuncer, Turker. 2025. "Automated hip dysplasia detection using novel FlexiLBPHOG model with ultrasound images." Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 16 (1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2024.103235Artificial Intelligence-Based Suicide Prevention and Prediction: A Systematic Review (2019-2023)
Atmakuru, Anirudh, Shahini, Alen, Chakraborty, Subrata, Seoni, Silvia, Salvi, Massimo, Hafeez-Baig, Abdul, Rashid, Sadaf, Tan, Ru San, Barua, Prabal Datta, Molinari, Filippo and Acharya, U Rajendra. 2025. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Suicide Prevention and Prediction: A Systematic Review (2019-2023)." Information Fusion. 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2024.102673Explainable deeply-fused nets electricity demand prediction model: Factoring climate predictors for accuracy and deeper insights with probabilistic confidence interval and point-based forecasts
Ghimire, Sujan, AL-Musaylh, Mohanad S., Nguyen-Huy, Thong, Deo, Ravinesh C., Acharya, Rajendra, Casillas-Perez, David, Yaseen, Zaher Mundher and Salcedo-sanz, Sancho. 2025. "Explainable deeply-fused nets electricity demand prediction model: Factoring climate predictors for accuracy and deeper insights with probabilistic confidence interval and point-based forecasts." Applied Energy. 378 (Part A). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124763AttentionPoolMobileNeXt: An automated construction damage detection model based on a new convolutional neural network and deep feature engineering models
Aydin, Mehmet, Barua, Prabal Datta, Chadalavada, Sreenivasulu, Dogan, Sengul, Tuncer, Turker, Chakraborty, Subrata and Acharya, Rajendra U.. 2025. "AttentionPoolMobileNeXt: An automated construction damage detection model based on a new convolutional neural network and deep feature engineering models." Multimedia Tools and Applications. 84 (4), pp. 1821-1843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-19163-2Directed Lobish-based explainable feature engineering model with TTPat and CWINCA for EEG artifact classification
Tuncer, Turker, Dogan, Sengul, Baygin, Mehmet, Tasci, Irem, Mungen, Bulent, Tasci, Burak, Barua, Prabal Datta and Acharya, U.R.. 2024. "Directed Lobish-based explainable feature engineering model with TTPat and CWINCA for EEG artifact classification." Knowledge-Based Systems. 305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2024.112555Retinal Health Screening Using Artificial Intelligence with Digital Fundus Images: A Review of the Last Decade (2012-2023)
Islam, Saad, Deo, Ravinesh C., Barua, Prabal Datta, Soar, Jeffrey, Yu, Ping and Acharya, U. Rajendra. 2024. "Retinal Health Screening Using Artificial Intelligence with Digital Fundus Images: A Review of the Last Decade (2012-2023)." IEEE Access. 12, pp. 176630-176685. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3477420Automated EEG-based language detection using directed quantum pattern technique
Dogan, Sengul, Tuncer, Turker, Barua, Prabal Datta and Acharya, U.R.. 2024. "Automated EEG-based language detection using directed quantum pattern technique." Applied Soft Computing. 167 (Part A). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2024.112301A Novel Hybrid Model for Automatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Classification Using Histopathological Images
Katar, Oguzhan, Yildirim, Ozal, Tan, Ru-San and Acharya, U Rajendra. 2024. "A Novel Hybrid Model for Automatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Classification Using Histopathological Images." Diagnostics. 14 (22). https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14222497Synthetic Data Generation via Generative Adversarial Networks in Healthcare: A Systematic Review of Image- and Signal-Based Studies
Akpinar, Muhammed Halil, Sengur, Abdulkadir, Salvi, Massimo, Seoni, Silvia, Faust, Oliver, Mir, Hasan, Molinari,Filippo and Acharya, U. Rajendra. 2024. "Synthetic Data Generation via Generative Adversarial Networks in Healthcare: A Systematic Review of Image- and Signal-Based Studies." IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 6, pp. 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3508472RECOMED: A comprehensive pharmaceutical recommendation system
Zomorodi, Mariam, Ghodsollahee, Ismail, Martin, Jennifer H, Talley, Nicholas J, Salari, Vahid, Pławiak, Paweł, Rahimi, Kazem and Acharya, U.R.. 2024. "RECOMED: A comprehensive pharmaceutical recommendation system." Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. 157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102981Artificial intelligence in assessing cardiovascular diseases and risk factors via retinal fundus images: A review of the last decade
Abdollahi, Mirsaeed, Jafarizadeh, Ali, Ghafouri-Asbagh, Amirhosein, Sobhi, Navid, Pourmoghtader, Keysan, Pedrammehr, Siamak, Asadi, Houshyar, Tan, Ru-San, Alizadehsani, Roohallah and Acharya, U. Rajendra. 2024. "Artificial intelligence in assessing cardiovascular diseases and risk factors via retinal fundus images: A review of the last decade." WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. 14 (6). https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1560Early prediction of sudden cardiac death using multimodal fusion of ECG Features extracted from Hilbert–Huang and wavelet transforms with explainable vision transformer and CNN models
Telangore, Hardik, Azad, Victor, Sharma, Manish, Bhurane, Ankit, Tan, Ru San and Acharya, U. Rajendra. 2024. "Early prediction of sudden cardiac death using multimodal fusion of ECG Features extracted from Hilbert–Huang and wavelet transforms with explainable vision transformer and CNN models." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108455A Pragmatic Approach to Fetal Monitoring via Cardiotocography Using Feature Elimination and Hyperparameter Optimization
Hardalac, Firat, Akmal, Haad, Ayturan, Kubilay, Acharya, U. Rajendra and Tan, Ru-San. 2024. "A Pragmatic Approach to Fetal Monitoring via Cardiotocography Using Feature Elimination and Hyperparameter Optimization." Interdisciplinary Sciences: Computational Life Sciences. 16 (4), pp. 882-906. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12539-024-00647-6Automated System for the Detection of Heart Anomalies Using Phonocardiograms: A Systematic Review
Gudigar, Anjan, Raghavendra, U., Maithri, M., Samanth, Jyothi, Inamdar, Mahesh Anil, Vidhya, V., Vicnesh, Jahmunah, Prabhu, Mukund A., Tan, Ru-San, Yeong, Chai Hong, Molinari, Filippo and Acharya, U. R.. 2024. "Automated System for the Detection of Heart Anomalies Using Phonocardiograms: A Systematic Review." IEEE Access. 12, pp. 138399-138428. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3465511Exploring the perspectives of Australian primary school teachers on students learning about project management
Delle-Vergini, Sante, Eacersall, Douglas, Dann, Chris, Ally, Mustafa and Chakraborty, Subrata. 2024. "Exploring the perspectives of Australian primary school teachers on students learning about project management." Issues in Educational Research. 34 (3), pp. 928-952.