Hybrid Deep Feature Generation for Appropriate Face Mask Use Detection
Article
Article Title | Hybrid Deep Feature Generation for Appropriate Face Mask Use Detection |
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ERA Journal ID | 44293 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Aydemir, Emrah, Yalcinkaya, Mehmet Ali, Barua, Prabal Datta, Baygin, Mehmet, Faust, Oliver, Dogan, Sengul, Chakraborty, Subrata, Tuncer, Turker and Acharya, Rajendra |
Journal Title | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
Journal Citation | 19 (4) |
Article Number | 1939 |
Number of Pages | 16 |
Year | 2022 |
Publisher | MDPI AG |
Place of Publication | Switzerland |
ISSN | 1660-4601 |
1661-7827 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041939 |
Web Address (URL) | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/1939 |
Abstract | Mask usage is one of the most important precautions to limit the spread of COVID-19. Therefore, hygiene rules enforce the correct use of face coverings. Automated mask usage classification might be used to improve compliance monitoring. This study deals with the problem of inappropriate mask use. To address that problem, 2075 face mask usage images were collected. The individual images were labeled as either mask, no masked, or improper mask. Based on these labels, the following three cases were created: Case 1: mask versus no mask versus improper mask, Case 2: mask versus no mask + improper mask, and Case 3: mask versus no mask. This data was used to train and test a hybrid deep feature-based masked face classification model. The presented method comprises of three primary stages: (i) pre-trained ResNet101 and DenseNet201 were used as feature generators; each of these generators extracted 1000 features from an image; (ii) the most discriminative features were selected using an improved RelieF selector; and (iii) the chosen features were used to train and test a support vector machine classifier. That resulting model attained 95.95%, 97.49%, and 100.0% classification accuracy rates on Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3, respectively. Having achieved these high accuracy values indicates that the proposed model is fit for a practical trial to detect appropriate face mask use in real time. |
Keywords | support vector machine; face mask detection; ResNet101; DenseNet201; transfer learning; hybrid feature selector |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 400304. Biomedical imaging |
Byline Affiliations | Sakarya University, Turkiye |
Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Turkey | |
School of Management and Enterprise | |
Cogninet Australia, Australia | |
University of Technology Sydney | |
Ardahan University, Turkiye | |
Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom | |
Firat University, Turkey | |
University of New England | |
Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore | |
Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS), Singapore | |
Asia University, Taiwan |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/z019v/hybrid-deep-feature-generation-for-appropriate-face-mask-use-detection
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