'In automation we trust' - Australian air traffic controller perspectives of increasing automation in air traffic management

Article

Langford, Kieran, Kille, Tarryn, Lee, Seung-Yong, Zhang, Yahua and Bates, Paul R.. 2022. "'In automation we trust' - Australian air traffic controller perspectives of increasing automation in air traffic management." Transport Policy. 125, pp. 352-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.07.001.
Article Title

'In automation we trust' - Australian air traffic controller perspectives of increasing automation in air traffic management

ERA Journal ID40708
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsLangford, Kieran (Author), Kille, Tarryn (Author), Lee, Seung-Yong (Author), Zhang, Yahua (Author) and Bates, Paul R. (Author)
Journal TitleTransport Policy
Journal Citation125, pp. 352-362
Number of Pages11
Year2022
PublisherElsevier
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN0967-070X
1879-310X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.07.001.
Web Address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X22001822
Abstract

This study investigates the views of Australian Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs) on increasing levels of automation in Air Traffic Managements Systems (ATMS). An online survey of current and former Australian ATCOs was conducted to identify what tools are considered useful and to what extent automation should be used within ATMS, as well as how increasing automation is expected to impact ATCOs situational awareness. The results highlighted that automation tools that supported and assisted the controller were more likely to be accepted by ATCOs. Automation tools that assumed/replaced the decision making and authority of the ATCO, had lower levels of acceptance by controllers. Increased automation (electronic strips) was considered to have both a positive and negative effect on ATCO situational awareness dependant on the type of role performed by the controller. When transitioning to systems with increased automation, the lack of system understanding/training, skill degradation and the changing role of controllers were considered the three biggest safety risks. By considering this research, the aviation industry can focus on the introduction of automation tools that can best assist ATCOs. Additionally, this study provides invaluable research from ATCOs to inform Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) when implementing more automated ATMS.

KeywordsAir traffic management systems, Aviation automated systems, Air traffic controllers, Australia
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020460806. Human-computer interaction
460202. Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
350901. Air transportation and freight services
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Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Southern Queensland
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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What would you do if....? Improving pilot performance during unexpected events through inflight scenario discussions
Martin, Wayne L., Murray, Patrick S. and Bates, Paul R.. 2011. "What would you do if....? Improving pilot performance during unexpected events through inflight scenario discussions." Aeronautica. 1 (1), pp. 8-22.
The effect of group polarisation on perceived invulnerability in general aviation pilots
Lee, Seung Yong and Gilbey, Andrew. 2012. "The effect of group polarisation on perceived invulnerability in general aviation pilots." Aeronautica. 2 (2), pp. 1-7.
'Looking and feeling the part': developing aviation students' professional identity through a community of practice
O'Brien, Wendy and Bates, Paul. 2015. "'Looking and feeling the part': developing aviation students' professional identity through a community of practice." Teaching in Higher Education. 20 (8), pp. 821-832. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2015.1087998
A Flight Simulator Study of the Impairment Effects of Startle on Pilots During Unexpected Critical Events
Martin, Wayne L., Murray, Patrick S., Bates, Paul R. and Lee, Paul S. Y.. 2016. "A Flight Simulator Study of the Impairment Effects of Startle on Pilots During Unexpected Critical Events." Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors. 6 (1), pp. 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000092
Fear-potentiated startle: a review from an aviation perspective
Martin, Wayne L., Murray, Patrick S., Bates, Paul R. and Lee, Paul S. Y.. 2015. "Fear-potentiated startle: a review from an aviation perspective." The International Journal of Aviation Psychology. 25 (2), pp. 97-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2015.1128293
Does foreign bank entry make Chinese banks stronger?
Yin, Yingkai, Zhang, Yahua, Zhang, Xiaotian Tina and Hu, Fang. 2015. "Does foreign bank entry make Chinese banks stronger?" Global Economic Review. 44 (3), pp. 269-285. https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2015.1055779
Merger between airlines in financial distress: does the merger save them?
Zhang, Yahua. 2015. "Merger between airlines in financial distress: does the merger save them?" Competition and Regulation in Network Industries. 16 (1), pp. 66-81.
International arrivals to Australia: determinants and the role of air transport policy
Zhang, Yahua. 2015. "International arrivals to Australia: determinants and the role of air transport policy." Journal of Air Transport Management. 44-45 (May-June), pp. 21-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2015.02.004
Understanding travel motivations of Chinese tourists visiting Cairns, Australia
Zhang, Yahua and Peng, Yiqian. 2014. "Understanding travel motivations of Chinese tourists visiting Cairns, Australia." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. 21, pp. 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2014.07.001
Aviation safety management systems
Yeun, Richard, Bates, Paul and Murray, Patrick. 2014. "Aviation safety management systems." World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research. 5 (2), pp. 168-196. https://doi.org/10.1504/WRITR.2014.067234
Air transport policy and its impacts on passenger traffic and tourist flows
Zhang, Yahua and Findlay, Christopher. 2014. "Air transport policy and its impacts on passenger traffic and tourist flows." Journal of Air Transport Management. 34, pp. 42-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2013.07.010
Low cost carriers in China and its contribution to passenger traffic flow
Zhang, Yahua and Lu, Zhen. 2013. "Low cost carriers in China and its contribution to passenger traffic flow." Journal of China Tourism Research. 9 (2), pp. 207-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2013.781972
Competition policy in China and its relevance to SMEs
Zhang, Yahua and Round, David K.. 2012. "Competition policy in China and its relevance to SMEs." Frontiers of Law in China. 7 (1), pp. 21-38. https://doi.org/10.3868/s050-001-012-0002-9
Are Chinese passengers willing to pay more for better air services?
Zhang, Yahua. 2012. "Are Chinese passengers willing to pay more for better air services?" Journal of Air Transport Management. 25, pp. 5-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2012.02.003
‘It's more than stick and rudder skills’: an aviation professional development community of practice
Bates, P. and O'Brien, W.. 2013. "‘It's more than stick and rudder skills’: an aviation professional development community of practice ." Teaching in Higher Education. 18 (6), pp. 619-630. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2013.764862
'Farm to Table': Air Transport Issues for an Island State
Kille, Tarryn, Bates, Paul and Murray, Patrick. 2013. "'Farm to Table': Air Transport Issues for an Island State." Australasian Transport Research Forum 2013 (ATRF 2013). Brisbane, Australia 02 - 04 Oct 2013 Australia.
A retrospective analysis of the effects of airline mergers on China Eastern's 'lifeline' routes: a difference-in-differences approach
Zhang, Yahua. 2012. "A retrospective analysis of the effects of airline mergers on China Eastern's 'lifeline' routes: a difference-in-differences approach." Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy. 17 (3), pp. 464-475. https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2012.694701
What do Chinese passengers expect from domestic airlines?
Zhang, Yahua. 2011. "What do Chinese passengers expect from domestic airlines?" Middleton, Jason (ed.) ATRS 2011: 15th Annual Air Transport Research Society Conference. Sydney, Australia 29 Jun - 02 Jul 2011 Vancouver, BC. Canada.
Startle, Freeze and Denial: An analysis of Pathological Pilot Reactions during Unexpected Events
Martin, Wayne L., Murray, Patrick S. and Bates, Paul R.. 2012. "Startle, Freeze and Denial: An analysis of Pathological Pilot Reactions during Unexpected Events." 65th Annual International Air Safety Seminar 2012. Santiago, Chile 23 - 25 Oct 2012 pp. 234-247
The Shanghai Beijing 'Air Express' service model and its impact on the pricing behaviour of airlines
Zhang, Yahua. 2011. "The Shanghai Beijing 'Air Express' service model and its impact on the pricing behaviour of airlines." Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 16 (4), pp. 433-443. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2011.588876
Price wars and price collusion in China's airline markets
Zhang, Yahua and Round, David K.. 2011. "Price wars and price collusion in China's airline markets." International Journal of Industrial Organization. 29 (4), pp. 361-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2010.07.005
Quantifying the impacts of structural reforms on air traffic flows in APEC economies
Zhang, Yahua and Findlay, Christopher. 2011. Quantifying the impacts of structural reforms on air traffic flows in APEC economies. Singapore. APEC Policy Support Unit.
Air transport liberalization
Zhang, Yahua and Findlay, Christopher. 2010. "Air transport liberalization." Ghani, Ejaz (ed.) The service revolution in South Asia. New York, NY. United States. Oxford University Press. pp. 347-380
The relationship between the implementation of a Safety Management System and the attitudes of employees towards unsafe acts in aviation
Remawi, Haytham, Bates, Paul and Dix, Ian. 2011. "The relationship between the implementation of a Safety Management System and the attitudes of employees towards unsafe acts in aviation ." Safety Science. 49 (5), pp. 625-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010.09.014
Strategies to minimise the impact of challenging times on training: final report
Wiesner, Retha, Millett, Bruce and Zhang, Yahua. 2009. Strategies to minimise the impact of challenging times on training: final report. Brisbane, Australia. Construction Skills Queensland.
Airline consolidation and its market power implication on China Eastern's business routes: a simple difference-in-differences analysis
Zhang, Yahua. 2008. "Airline consolidation and its market power implication on China Eastern's business routes: a simple difference-in-differences analysis." Sun, Sizhong, Liu, Hongbo and Zhou, Zhangyue (ed.) 20th Annual Conference of The Association for Chinese Economic Studies Australia (ACESA): 30 Years of Economic Reforms in China: Retrospect and Outlook. Townsville, Australia 10 - 11 Jul 2008 Townsville, Australia.
China's airline deregulation since 1997 and the driving forces behind the 2002 airline consolidations
Zhang, Yahua and Round, David K.. 2008. "China's airline deregulation since 1997 and the driving forces behind the 2002 airline consolidations." Journal of Air Transport Management. 14 (3), pp. 130-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2008.03.001
The effects of China's airline mergers on prices
Zhang, Yahua and Round, David K.. 2009. "The effects of China's airline mergers on prices." Journal of Air Transport Management. 15 (6), pp. 315-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2009.04.005
Policy implications of the effects of concentration and multimarket contact in China's airline market
Zhang, Yahua and Round, David K.. 2009. "Policy implications of the effects of concentration and multimarket contact in China's airline market." Review of Industrial Organization. 34 (4), pp. 307-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-009-9215-2
Evaluating student centred teaching and learning strategies for Aviation students using a quality framework for online learning environments
Bates, Paul and Obexer,. 2005. "Evaluating student centred teaching and learning strategies for Aviation students using a quality framework for online learning environments." 22nd Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE 2005). Brisbane, Australia 04 - 07 Dec 2005 Australia. Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE). pp. 67-77
Heat stress lipids and schizophrenia
Bates, P. R., Hawkins, A., Mahadik, S. P. and McGrath, J. J.. 1996. "Heat stress lipids and schizophrenia." 2nd International Workshop on Cell Membrane Pathology in Schizophrenia (1995). United Kingdom 06 - 08 Oct 1995 United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0952-3278(96)90153-2
Neurogenesis in adult human
Murrell, Wayne, Ray-Barruel, Gillia, Livesey, Jonathon, McGrath, John, MacDonald, Kelli P. A., Bates, Paul R. and Mackay-Sim, Alan. 1996. "Neurogenesis in adult human ." NeuroReport. 7 (6), pp. 1189-1194. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199604260-00019
Cell cycle characteristics and schizophrenia
Shepherd, R.A., Bates, P.R. and McGrath, J.J.. 1993. "Cell cycle characteristics and schizophrenia ." Biological Psychiatry. 33 (1), pp. 60-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(93)90282-I
Enhanced levels of radiation-induced G2 phase delay in ataxia telangiectasia heterozygotes
Lavin, Martin F., Le Poidevin, Priscilla and Bates Paul. 1992. "Enhanced levels of radiation-induced G2 phase delay in ataxia telangiectasia heterozygotes ." Cancer Genetics. 60 (2), pp. 183-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4608(92)90014-Y
Comparison of γ-radiation-induced accumulation of ataxia telangiectasia and control cells in G2 phase
Bates Paul R. and Lavin, Martin F.. 1989. "Comparison of γ-radiation-induced accumulation of ataxia telangiectasia and control cells in G2 phase." Mutation Research/DNA Repair. 218 (2), pp. 165-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8777(89)90023-2
Normal inhibition of DNA synthesis following γ-irradiation of radiosensitive cell lines from patients with Down's syndromes and Alzheimer's disease
Lavin, Martin F., Bates Paul, Le Poidevin, Priscilla and Chen, Philip C.. 1989. "Normal inhibition of DNA synthesis following γ-irradiation of radiosensitive cell lines from patients with Down's syndromes and Alzheimer's disease." Mutation Research/DNA Repair. 218 (1), pp. 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8777(89)90045-1
Ataxia-telangiectasia: a human genetic disorder with predisposition to cancer
Lavin, M., Houldsworth, J., Mohamed, R., Bates P. and Kumar, S.. 1985. "Ataxia-telangiectasia: a human genetic disorder with predisposition to cancer ." Progress in clinical and biological research. 172 A, pp. 409-416.