Osteoporosis and its association with non-gonadal hormones involved in hypertension, adiposity and hyperglycaemia
Article
Article Title | Osteoporosis and its association with non-gonadal hormones involved in hypertension, adiposity and hyperglycaemia |
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ERA Journal ID | 14731 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Poudyal, Hemant (Author) and Brown, Lindsay (Author) |
Journal Title | Current Drug Targets |
Journal Citation | 14 (14), pp. 1694-1706 |
Number of Pages | 13 |
Year | 2013 |
Place of Publication | Bussum, Netherlands |
ISSN | 1389-4501 |
1873-5592 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450119999990001 |
Web Address (URL) | http://eurekaselect.com/115598/article |
Abstract | Osteoporosis is a high-prevalence disease, particularly in developed countries, and results in high costs both to the individual and to society through associated fragility fractures. There is an urgent need for identification of novel drug targets and development of new anti-osteoporotic agents. Between 30 and 80% of osteoporotic fractures cannot be prevented despite current treatments achieving relative fracture risk reduction of up to 20%, 50%, and 70% for non-vertebral, hip and spine fractures, respectively. Traditionally, the decline in gonadal hormones has been studied as the sole hormonal determinant for the loss of bone mineral density in osteoporosis. However, recent studies have identified receptors for numerous non-gonadal hormones such as PTH, angiotensin II, leptin, adiponectin, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 on the osteoblast lineage cells that directly regulate bone turnover. These hormones are also involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome risk factors, particularly hypertension, type-II diabetes and obesity. By activating their respective receptors on osteoblastic lineage cells, these hormones appear to act through a common mechanism by down-regulating receptors for activation of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and up-regulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) with inverse responses for adiponectin. Receptors for amylin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and ghrelin and have also been identified on the osteoblast lineage cells although the roles of these receptors in bone turnover are controversial or poorly studied. Moreover, bone turnover may be independently regulated by modulation of osteoclast-osteoblast function and bone marrow adiposity. Leptin appears to be the only hormone that is a known regulator of both bone mineralisation and bone adiposity. |
Keywords | leptin; RANK/RANKL signalling; osteoblasts; osteoclasts; osteoporosis |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 320210. Geriatrics and gerontology |
310999. Zoology not elsewhere classified | |
320216. Orthopaedics | |
Public Notes | © 2013 Bentham Science Publishers. Published version restricted in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. |
Byline Affiliations | Centre for Systems Biology |
Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q23w1/osteoporosis-and-its-association-with-non-gonadal-hormones-involved-in-hypertension-adiposity-and-hyperglycaemia
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