Effects of ALA, EPA and DHA in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats
Article
Article Title | Effects of ALA, EPA and DHA in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats |
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ERA Journal ID | 13660 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Poudyal, Hemant (Author), Panchal, Sunil K. (Author), Ward, Leigh C. (Author) and Brown, Lindsay (Author) |
Journal Title | Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry |
Journal Citation | 24 (6), pp. 1041-1052 |
Number of Pages | 12 |
Year | 2013 |
Place of Publication | New York, NY. United States |
ISSN | 0955-2863 |
1873-4847 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.07.014 |
Abstract | We compared the cardiovascular, hepatic and metabolic responses to individual dietary n-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic acid, ALA; eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA; and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) in a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced model of metabolic syndrome in rats. Additionally, we measured fatty acid composition of plasma, adipose tissue, liver, heart and skeletal muscle in these rats. The same dosages of ALA and EPA/DHA produced different physiological responses to decrease the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. ALA did not reduce total body fat but induced lipid redistribution away from the abdominal area and favorably improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and left ventricular dimensions, contractility, volumes and stiffness. EPA and DHA increased sympathetic activation, reduced the abdominal adiposity and total body fat and attenuated insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and left ventricular stiffness but not glucose tolerance. However, ALA, EPA and DHA all reduced inflammation in both the heart and the liver, cardiac fibrosis and hepatic steatosis. These effects were associated with complete suppression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 activity. Since the physiological responses to EPA and DHA were similar, it is likely that the effects are mediated by DHA with EPA serving as a precursor. Also, ALA supplementation increased DHA concentrations but induced different physiological responses to EPA and DHA. This result strongly suggests that ALA has independent effects in metabolic syndrome, not relying on its metabolism to DHA. |
Keywords | cardiovascular; chia oil; fish oil; metabolic syndrome; omega-3 |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 321004. Nutritional science |
320599. Medical biochemistry and metabolomics not elsewhere classified | |
320699. Medical biotechnology not elsewhere classified | |
Public Notes | © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Published version deposited in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. |
Byline Affiliations | University of Queensland |
Department of Biological and Physical Sciences | |
Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q1z32/effects-of-ala-epa-and-dha-in-high-carbohydrate-high-fat-diet-induced-metabolic-syndrome-in-rats
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