Reflecting on rapport: strategies for online interviews about sensitive or distressing topics with vulnerable children

Article


Leslie, Rachel, Brown, Alice, Larsen, Ellen and Fanshawe, Melissa. 2023. "Reflecting on rapport: strategies for online interviews about sensitive or distressing topics with vulnerable children." International Journal of Research and Method in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2023.2294781
Article Title

Reflecting on rapport: strategies for online interviews about sensitive or distressing topics with vulnerable children

ERA Journal ID20048
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsLeslie, Rachel, Brown, Alice, Larsen, Ellen and Fanshawe, Melissa
Journal TitleInternational Journal of Research and Method in Education
Number of Pages14
Year2023
PublisherTaylor & Francis
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN1743-727X
1743-7288
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2023.2294781
Web Address (URL)https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/1743727X.2023.2294781?needAccess=true
Abstract

Establishing and building rapport is a crucial aspect of research interviews with children and families. With interviews increasingly conducted via online platforms, such as Teams and Zoom, researchers are challenged to reflect on relational aspects, such as building rapport, when using this medium and how approaches may need to be nuanced. This is of particular significance when the topic of the interview is potentially sensitive or may cause distress to a child. This paper builds on the CHE(Connectivity, Humanness, Empathy) principles for building rapport and trust in face-to-face by extending these principles to the phenomenon of online interviews with children on sensitive or distressing topics. It draws on an investigation into the experiences of children with dyslexia to illustrate the value of employing the CHE principles and a range of strategies to reduce potential vulnerability or levels of anxiety of participants. The examples provided illustrate how research via online interviews with children on sensitive or distressing topics in an online environment need not detract from the researcher’s ability to build trust create and an empathetic rapport.

KeywordsOnline interviews; rapport; vulnerability; interviewing children
Related Output
Is part ofThe experiences of Australian dyslexic children and their parents: An exploration of allyship and parent-school partnerships
ANZSRC Field of Research 20203999. Other Education
Public Notes

This article is part of a UniSQ Thesis by publication. See Related Output.

Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Fanshawe, Melissa and Penton, Kirstie. 2020. "Effective school engagement." 2019 NAPSA Biennial Conference. Sydney, Australia 06 - 08 Nov 2019 Sydney, Australia.
Hear my voice; the importance of self-advocacy for students who are blind or vision impaired
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2020. "Hear my voice; the importance of self-advocacy for students who are blind or vision impaired." Blind/Vision Impaired Masterclass Series 2020 (28th August). Sydney, Australia 28 Aug 2020 Sydney, Australia.
How to effectively advocate in school, services and the community for your child with a vision impairment
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2020. "How to effectively advocate in school, services and the community for your child with a vision impairment." Blind/Vision Impaired Masterclass Series 2020 (7th August). Sydney, Australia 07 Aug 2020 Sydney, Australia.
Toolbox of technology: what is required for students who are blind or have a vision impairment to use problem solving skills and adaptive technology to access the curriculum
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2020. "Toolbox of technology: what is required for students who are blind or have a vision impairment to use problem solving skills and adaptive technology to access the curriculum." Blind/Vision Impaired Masterclass Series 2020 (5th June). Sydney, Australia 05 Jun 2020 Sydney, Australia.
The role of social skills in community participation, inclusion and employment
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2020. "The role of social skills in community participation, inclusion and employment." Blind/Vision Impaired Masterclass Series 2020 (1st May). Sydney, Australia 01 May 2020 Sydney, Australia.
Being blind when the world is designed for those who can see; the importance of the Expanded Core Curriculum
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2020. "Being blind when the world is designed for those who can see; the importance of the Expanded Core Curriculum." Blind/ Vision Impaired Masterclass Series 2020 (6th March). Sydney, Australia 06 Mar 2020 Sydney, Australia.
What’s working in schools today: perspectives and advice from students with a vision impairment, their parents and teachers
Cain, Melissa and Fanshawe, Melissa. 2020. "What’s working in schools today: perspectives and advice from students with a vision impairment, their parents and teachers." Creating a Clear Vision for the Future (2020). Adelaide, Australia 12 - 15 Jan 2020 Adelaide, Australia.
Implementation of the expanded core curriculum; the process of accrediting standardised national curriculum to provide equitable access to schooling for students who are blind
Fanshawe, Melissa, Goodwin, Polly and Kaine, Natalie. 2020. "Implementation of the expanded core curriculum; the process of accrediting standardised national curriculum to provide equitable access to schooling for students who are blind." Creating a Clear Vision for the Future (2020). Adelaide, Australia 12 - 15 Jan 2020 Adelaide, Australia.
What’s working in schools today: perspectives and advice from students with a vision impairment, their parents and teachers
Cain, Melissa and Fanshawe, Melissa. 2019. "What’s working in schools today: perspectives and advice from students with a vision impairment, their parents and teachers." The Changing Landscape for Accessible Information (2019). Brisbane, Australia 04 - 07 May 2019 Brisbane, Australia.
Creating Emotional Engagement in Online Learning
Fanshawe, Melissa, Burke, Katie, Tualaulelei, Eseta and Cameron, Cathy. 2020. "Creating Emotional Engagement in Online Learning." EDUCAUSE Review. 31 August 2020.
Focus on maths: fostering student understanding of mathematics through a growth mindset
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2019. "Focus on maths: fostering student understanding of mathematics through a growth mindset." Teaching Mathematics. 44 (2), pp. 8-12.
Teaching mathematics through a growth mindset
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2020. "Teaching mathematics through a growth mindset." Teaching Mathematics Through a Growth Mindset 2020 (23rd January). Brisbane, Australia 23 Jan 2020 Brisbane, Queensland.
Teaching mathematics through a growth mindset
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2019. "Teaching mathematics through a growth mindset." Teaching Mathematics Through a Growth Mindset 2020 (20th May). Rockhampton, Australia 20 May 2020 Rockhampton, Queensland.
Teaching mathematics through a growth mindset
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2019. "Teaching mathematics through a growth mindset." Teaching Mathematics Through a Growth Mindset 2019 (25th March). Emerald, Australia 25 Mar 2019 Emerald, Queensland.
Teaching mathematics through a growth mindset
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2019. "Teaching mathematics through a growth mindset." Teaching Mathematics Through a Growth Mindset 2019 (18th March). Mackay, Australia 18 Mar 2019 Mackay, Queensland.
Teaching mathematics through a growth mindset
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2019. "Teaching mathematics through a growth mindset." Teaching Mathematics Through a Growth Mindset 2019 (11th March). Gladstone, Australia 11 Mar 2019 Gladstone, Queensland.
Focus on MATHS
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2019. "Focus on MATHS." Drawing Conclusions - early and Middle Years Conference (2019). Moorooka, Australia 23 - 24 Feb 2019 Moorooka, Queensland.
Teaching mathematics through a growth mindset
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2018. "Teaching mathematics through a growth mindset." Teaching Mathematics Through a Growth Mindset 2018 (22nd October). Brisbane, Australia 22 Oct 2018 Brisbane, Queensland.
Strengthening preservice teachers’ school based experience while providing in school, face-to-face support to secondary students studying early tertiary programs with USQ
Fanshawe, Melissa, Silk, Kirsty and Penton, Kirstie. 2019. Strengthening preservice teachers’ school based experience while providing in school, face-to-face support to secondary students studying early tertiary programs with USQ. Toowoomba. University of Southern Queensland.
Catering for the Specialized Needs of Students With Vision Impairment in Mainstream Classes: Listening to Student Voices for Academic, Physical, and Social Inclusion
Cain, Melissa and Fanshawe, Melissa. 2020. "Catering for the Specialized Needs of Students With Vision Impairment in Mainstream Classes: Listening to Student Voices for Academic, Physical, and Social Inclusion." van Rensburg, Henriette and O'Neill, Shirley (ed.) Inclusive Theory and Practice in Special Education. Hershey, United States. IGI Global. pp. 192-211
Lighting the way through the home: development of early braille literacy
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2017. "Lighting the way through the home: development of early braille literacy." 2017 Biennial SPEVI Conference: Shining the Light on Vision Education. Brisbane, Queensland 08 - 12 Jan 2017 Australia.
Opening Eyes onto Inclusion and Diversity
Carter, Susan, Abawi, Lindy-Anne, Lawrence, Jill, Brownlow, Charlotte, Desmarchelier, Renee, Fanshawe, Melissa, Gilbey, Kathryn, Turner, Michelle and Guy, Jillian. Carter, Susan (ed.) 2019. Opening Eyes onto Inclusion and Diversity . Australia. University of Southern Queensland.
Four things students with vision impairment want you (their teachers and friends)to know
Cain, Melissa and Fanshawe, Melissa. 2019. "Four things students with vision impairment want you (their teachers and friends)to know." The Conversation. 10 June 2019, pp. 1-5.
Engaging the disengaged: exploring the use of course specific learning analytics and nudging to enhance online student engagement
Lawrence, Jill, Brown, Alice, Redmond, Petrea and Basson, Marita. 2019. "Engaging the disengaged: exploring the use of course specific learning analytics and nudging to enhance online student engagement." Student Success. 10 (2 (Special edition)), pp. 47-58. https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.v10i2.1295
'Talk to Me!': Empowering students with a vision impairment through audio e-assessment feedback
Cain, Melissa and Fanshawe, Melissa. 2020. "'Talk to Me!': Empowering students with a vision impairment through audio e-assessment feedback." Dann, Christopher Ewart and O'Neill, Shirley (ed.) Technology-enhanced formative assessment practices in higher education. United States. IGI Global. pp. 1-19
Utilising instantaneous feedback to promote self-regulated learning in online higher education course: the case for digital badges
Fanshawe, Melissa, Delaney, Nicole and Powell, Alwyn. 2020. "Utilising instantaneous feedback to promote self-regulated learning in online higher education course: the case for digital badges." Dann, Christopher Ewart and O'Neill, Shirley (ed.) Technology-enhanced formative assessment practices in higher education. United States. IGI Global. pp. 41-59
Celebrating diversity: focus on inclusion
Abawi, Lindy, Fanshawe, Melissa, Gilbey, Kathryn, Andersen, Cecily and Rogers, Christina. 2019. "Celebrating diversity: focus on inclusion." Carter, Susan (ed.) Opening eyes onto inclusion and diversity. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland. pp. 41-91
The importance of Indigenous cultural perspectives in education (the danger of the single story)
Fanshawe, Melissa, Abawi, Lindy and Guy, Jillian. 2019. "The importance of Indigenous cultural perspectives in education (the danger of the single story)." Carter, Susan (ed.) Opening eyes onto inclusion and diversity. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland. pp. 289-318
Opening eyes to vision impairment: inclusion is just another way of seeing
Cain, Melissa and Fanshawe, Melissa. 2019. "Opening eyes to vision impairment: inclusion is just another way of seeing." Carter, Susan (ed.) Opening eyes onto inclusion and diversity. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland. pp. 239-288
The implications of monocular vision on orientation and mobility
Fanshawe, Melissa. 2015. "The implications of monocular vision on orientation and mobility." Journal of the South Pacific Educators in Vision Impairment. 8 (1), pp. 77-86.
Respectful research with and about young families: forging frontiers and methodological considerations
Brown, Alice. 2019. Respectful research with and about young families: forging frontiers and methodological considerations. Cham, Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan.
The practice of using NAPLAN numeracy test results: a review of the literature
Getenet, Seyum and Fanshawe, Melissa. 2018. "The practice of using NAPLAN numeracy test results: a review of the literature." Hunter, Jodie, Darragh, Lisa and Perger, Pam (ed.) 41st Annual Conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia (MERGA41). Auckland, New Zealand 01 - 05 Jul 2018 Adelaide, Australia.
CHE principles: facilitating authentic and dialogical semi-structured interviews in educational research
Brown, Alice and Danaher, Patrick A.. 2019. "CHE principles: facilitating authentic and dialogical semi-structured interviews in educational research." International Journal of Research and Method in Education. 42 (1), pp. 76-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2017.1379987
Building professional learning identities: beginning teachers’ perceptions of causality for professional highs and lows
Larsen, Ellen and Allen, Jeanne M.. 2016. "Building professional learning identities: beginning teachers’ perceptions of causality for professional highs and lows." Brandenburg, R., McDonough, S., Burke, S. and White, J. (ed.) Teacher education: innovation, intervention and impact. Sydney, Australia. Springer. pp. 231-251
The possibilities and potential of social ecological frameworks to understand health behaviours and outcomes
Stokols, Daniel, Brown, Alice, Sallis, James, Hiatt, Robert and Orleans, Tracy. 2013. "The possibilities and potential of social ecological frameworks to understand health behaviours and outcomes." Conference Symposium (24) Presented at the 34th Annual Conference of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. San Francisco, United States 20 - 23 Mar 2013
The novice literacy coach: exploring motivation and persistence in the face of challenge
Larsen, Ellen and Allen, Jeanne. 2014. "The novice literacy coach: exploring motivation and persistence in the face of challenge." Annual International Australian Association for Research in Education National Conference 2014 (AARE 2014). Brisbane, Australia 01 - 05 Nov 2014 Australia.
Critical narrative as a framework for professional border crossing in early childhood
Brown, Alice and Grigg, John. 2017. "Critical narrative as a framework for professional border crossing in early childhood." Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood. 18 (3), pp. 333-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463949116668097
Parents’ Interpretations of Screen Time Recommendations for Children Younger Than 2 Years
Brown, Alice and Smolenaers, Emma. 2018. "Parents’ Interpretations of Screen Time Recommendations for Children Younger Than 2 Years." Journal of Family Issues. 39 (2), pp. 406-429. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X16646595
Kids with more zip: a practical resource for educators/carers focusing on long-term health and movement experiences for children ages 3-12, 2nd ed.
Brown, Alice and Landy, Joanne. 2010. Kids with more zip: a practical resource for educators/carers focusing on long-term health and movement experiences for children ages 3-12, 2nd ed. Sydney, Australia. Pearson Education Australia.
A qualitative study of 'fear' as a regulator of children's independent physical activity in the suburbs
O'Connor, Justen and Brown, Alice. 2013. "A qualitative study of 'fear' as a regulator of children's independent physical activity in the suburbs." Health and Place. 24, pp. 157-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.09.002
The Parental and Micro-Environmental Model (PMEM): A conceptual framework for exploring factors that impact on early adult/child relationships
Brown, Alice. 2013. "The Parental and Micro-Environmental Model (PMEM): A conceptual framework for exploring factors that impact on early adult/child relationships." Infant and Early Childhood Social and Emotional Wellbeing Conference 2013. Canberra, Australia 30 Oct - 02 Nov 2013
Producing pedagogy
Burton, Lorelle, Lawrence, Jill, Dashwood, Ann and Brown, Alice. 2013. Producing pedagogy. Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
So what happens after the event? Exploring the realisation of professional development with early childhood educators
Brown, Alice and Inglis, Sue. 2013. "So what happens after the event? Exploring the realisation of professional development with early childhood educators." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood. 38 (1), pp. 11-15.
Respectful, responsible and reciprocal ruralities research: approaching and positioning educational research differently within Australian rural communities
Brown, Alice and Danaher, P. A.. 2012. "Respectful, responsible and reciprocal ruralities research: approaching and positioning educational research differently within Australian rural communities." Wright, Jan (ed.) Joint International Conference of the Australian Association for Research in Education and the Asia Pacific Educational Research Association (AARE 2012): Regional and Global Cooperation in Educational Research. Sydney, Australia 02 - 06 Dec 2012 Sydney, Australia.
The new frontier: a social ecological exploration of factors impacting on parental support for the active play of young children within the micro-environment of the family home
Brown, Alice. 2012. The new frontier: a social ecological exploration of factors impacting on parental support for the active play of young children within the micro-environment of the family home. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Managing teaching and learning environments to facilitate curriculum change
Kavanagh, Marie and Brown, A. M.. 2005. "Managing teaching and learning environments to facilitate curriculum change." Weaver, K. Mark (ed.) 64th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management 2005. Honolulu, United States 05 - 10 Aug 2005 Honolulu, US.
Exploring elements for creating an online community of learners within a distance education course at the University of Southern Queensland
Danaher, Patrick Alan, Hickey, Andrew, Brown, Alice and Conway, Joan Margaret. 2007. "Exploring elements for creating an online community of learners within a distance education course at the University of Southern Queensland." Luppicini, Rocci J. (ed.) Online learning communities. Greenwich, CT. United States. Information Age Publishing. pp. 219-240
Crossing over: strategies for supporting the training and development of international teachers
Brown, Alice, Dashwood, Ann, Lawrence, Jill and Burton, Lorelle. 2010. "Crossing over: strategies for supporting the training and development of international teachers." The International Journal of Learning. 17 (4), pp. 321-333. https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v17i04/46984
The South Burnett - early movement and stimulation project
Brown, Alice. 2009. The South Burnett - early movement and stimulation project. Toowoomba, Australia. Unpublished.
People, pedagogy and the power of connection
Brown, Alice and Reushle, Shirley. 2010. "People, pedagogy and the power of connection." Studies in Learning Evaluation Innovation and Development. 7 (3), pp. 37-48.
Student perspectives on scholarship: a contemporary issue in higher education
Dashwood, Ann, Lawrence, Jill, Burton, Lorelle and Brown, Alice. 2009. "Student perspectives on scholarship: a contemporary issue in higher education." International Journal of Arts and Sciences. 3 (5), pp. 64-79.
Pre-service teachers' understanding of child abuse and their professional role in child protection
Brown, Alice. 2008. "Pre-service teachers' understanding of child abuse and their professional role in child protection." Children Australia. 33 (1), pp. 25-32.
The power of connection: sharing epistemological approaches to reach beyond knowledge and skill acquisition in an Australian higher education context
Brown, Alice and Reushle, Shirley. 2009. "The power of connection: sharing epistemological approaches to reach beyond knowledge and skill acquisition in an Australian higher education context." 2nd International PBL Symposium: What Are We Learning About Learning?. Singapore 10 - 12 Jun 2009 Singapore.
Towards a new frontier in understanding the contextual influences on paediatric inactivity
Brown, Alice. 2008. "Towards a new frontier in understanding the contextual influences on paediatric inactivity." Henderson, Robyn and Danaher, Patrick Alan (ed.) Troubling terrains: tactics for traversing and transforming contemporary educational research. Brisbane, Australia. Post Pressed. pp. 149-168
Transnational pedagogy from policy to practice: beginnings of the journey
Dashwood, Ann, Lawrence, Jill, Brown, Alice and Burton, Lorelle J.. 2008. "Transnational pedagogy from policy to practice: beginnings of the journey." International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning. 4 (3), pp. 97-110.
Towards collaborative professional learning in the first year early childhood teacher education practicum: issues in negotiating the multiple interests of stakeholder feedback
Brown, Alice and Danaher, Patrick. 2008. "Towards collaborative professional learning in the first year early childhood teacher education practicum: issues in negotiating the multiple interests of stakeholder feedback." Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education. 36 (2), pp. 147-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598660801958879
Pre-service teachers’ understandings of child abuse and their professional role in child protection
Brown, Alice. 2008. "Pre-service teachers’ understandings of child abuse and their professional role in child protection." Children Australia. 33 (1), pp. 25-32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1035077200000080