The impact of multiple representations of content using multimedia on learning outcomes

Article

Birch, Dawn, Sankey, Michael and Gardiner, Michael. 2010. "The impact of multiple representations of content using multimedia on learning outcomes." International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning. 7 (4), pp. 3-19.
Article Title

The impact of multiple representations of content using multimedia on learning outcomes

ERA Journal ID40814
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsBirch, Dawn (Author), Sankey, Michael (Author) and Gardiner, Michael (Author)
Journal TitleInternational Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning
Journal Citation7 (4), pp. 3-19
Number of Pages17
Year2010
Place of PublicationPittsburgh, PA. United States
ISSN1550-6908
Web Address (URL)http://itdl.org/Journal/Apr_10/article01.htm
Abstract

Innovative educational technologies provide valuable opportunities for educators to design an enhanced, interactive, more inclusive and engaging curriculum. Key pedagogical motivations for utilising educational technologies include the desire to improve learning performance and engagement. Educational technology and access to multimedia have provided opportunities to present multiple representations of key content areas using multimedia (text-based, video, aural, interactive elements) to cater more effectively to different learning styles and model preferences. This paper presents the findings of an experiment to measure the impact of multiple representations of content on learning outcomes including learning performance and engagement. While, in this study, multiple representations of content did not lead to actual improvements in learning performance, students reported favourably on multimodal learning elements and perceived that they had assisted comprehension and retention of the material. Implications for educators, limitations of the experimental methodology and directions for future research are presented.

Keywordsmultiple representations; multimodal; multimedia; educational technology; interactive; learning styles; modal preferences; learning outcomes; learning performance; engagement
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020390405. Educational technology and computing
390303. Higher education
390102. Curriculum and pedagogy theory and development
Public Notes

This publication is copyright. It may be reproduced in whole or in part for the purposes of study, research, or review, but is subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source. Intellectual property rights are retained by the author(s) and a Creative Commons Copyright permits replication of articles and eBooks for education related purposes.

Byline AffiliationsUniversity of the Sunshine Coast
Learning and Teaching Support Unit
School of Management and Marketing
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Birch, Dawn and McDonald, Jacquelin. 2007. "Attitudes of distance education students towards compulsory virtual teamwork in an undergraduate business course." e-Journal of Business Education and Scholarship of Teaching. 1 (1), pp. 14-23.
An exploratory study to determine students' perceptions of the value of interaction in an Australian classroom context and the perceived impact on learning outcomes
McDonald, Jacquelin, Birch, Dawn, Gray, Anthony, Gururajan, Raj, Hingst, Raymond D. and Maguire, Michael. 2005. "An exploratory study to determine students' perceptions of the value of interaction in an Australian classroom context and the perceived impact on learning outcomes." CRLL 2005: What a Difference a Pedagogy Makes: Researching Lifelong Learning and Teaching. Glasgow, Scotland 24 - 26 Jun 2005 London, United Kingdom.
Designing pedagogies for cadet journalists on the ground and doing it
Little, Janine and Sankey, Michael D.. 2007. "Designing pedagogies for cadet journalists on the ground and doing it." 3rd International Conference on Pedagogies and Learning. Brisbane, Australia 26 - 28 Sep 2007
Entertainment-seeking shopping centre patrons: the missing segments
Sit, Jason, Merrilees, Bill and Birch, Dawn. 2003. "Entertainment-seeking shopping centre patrons: the missing segments." International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management. 31 (2), pp. 80-94. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590550310461985
How to develop 15 multimodal design heuristics in 3 easy (not) lessons
Sankey, Michael D.. 2007. "How to develop 15 multimodal design heuristics in 3 easy (not) lessons." International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning. 3 (2), pp. 60-73.
Assessment of online reflections: engaging english second language (ESL) students
Birch, Dawn and Volkov, Michael. 2007. "Assessment of online reflections: engaging english second language (ESL) students." Australasian Journal of Educational Technology. 23 (3), pp. 291-306.
An exploratory study on service dimensions of regional shopping centres: A segmentation approach’
Sit, Jason, Wong, Ho Yin and Birch, Dawn. 2002. "An exploratory study on service dimensions of regional shopping centres: A segmentation approach’." Shaw, Robin N., Adam, Stewart and McDonald, Heath (ed.) ANZMAC 2002. Melbourne, Australia 02 - 04 Dec 2002 Melbourne, Australia.
An exploratory study on performance dimensions of sub-regional shopping centers
Sit, Jason and Birch, Dawn. 2001. "An exploratory study on performance dimensions of sub-regional shopping centers." Chetty, Sylvie and Collins, Brett (ed.) ANZMAC 2001: Bridging Marketing Theory and Practice. Auckland, New Zealand 01 - 05 Dec 2001 Auckland, New Zealand.
The impact of tangible rewards on empowerment in the hotel sector
Birch, Dawn. 2002. "The impact of tangible rewards on empowerment in the hotel sector." ServSIG 2001: New Horizons in Services Marketing. Sydney, Australia 26 - 28 May 2001
Participation in asynchronous online discussions for student assessment
Birch, Dawn. 2004. "Participation in asynchronous online discussions for student assessment." ANZMAC 2004: Marketing Accountabilities and Responsibilities. Wellington, New Zealand 29 Nov - 01 Dec 2004 Wellington, New Zealand.
Student’s attitudes towards technology-enhanced learning resources for an introductory marketing course
McPhail, Janelle and Birch, Dawn. 2004. "Student’s attitudes towards technology-enhanced learning resources for an introductory marketing course." ANZMAC 2004: Marketing Accountabilities and Responsibilities. Wellington, New Zealand 29 Nov - 01 Dec 2004 Wellington, New Zealand.
Local government marketing model
Gardiner, Michael. 2005. Local government marketing model. Masters Thesis Master of Business (Research). University of Southern Queensland.
Pedagogical motivations and barriers for developing multi-modal distance education courses
Birch, Dawn. 2006. "Pedagogical motivations and barriers for developing multi-modal distance education courses." Ogunmokun, Gabriel, Gabbay, Rony and Rose, Janelle (ed.) 2nd Biennial Conference of the Academy of World Business, Marketing and Management Development: Business Across Borders in the 21st Century. Paris, France 10 - 13 Jul 2006 Perth, Western Australia.
Demystifying assessment with 'bells and whistles' in a first year communication course
Sankey, Michael and Kiernan, Eleanor. 2006. "Demystifying assessment with 'bells and whistles' in a first year communication course." 5th Evaluations and Assessment Conference. Perth, Australia 30 Nov - 01 Dec 2006 Perth, Australia.
A neomillennial learning approach: helping non-traditional learners studying at a distance
Sankey, M. D.. 2006. "A neomillennial learning approach: helping non-traditional learners studying at a distance." International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology. 2 (4), pp. 82-99.
Preliminary essay plans: assisting students to engage academic literacy in a first year communication course
Kiernan, Eleanor, Lawrence, Jill and Sankey, Michael D.. 2006. "Preliminary essay plans: assisting students to engage academic literacy in a first year communication course." Nulty, Duncan (ed.) 9th Pacific Rim First Year in Higher Education Conference (FYHE 2006). Gold Coast, Australia 12 - 14 Jul 2006 Brisbane, Australia.
Transmodal delivery and neomillennial learning approaches
Sankey, Michael. 2006. "Transmodal delivery and neomillennial learning approaches." Orr, Debbie, Nouwens, Fons, Macpherson, Colin, Harreveld, R. E. (Bobby) and Danaher, Patrick Alan (ed.) 4th International Lifelong Learning Conference: Lifelong Learning: Partners, Pathways and Pedagogies. Yeppoon, Australia 13 - 16 Jun 2006 Rockhampton, Australia.
Multiple representations in instructional material: an issue of literacy
Sankey, Michael D.. 2003. "Multiple representations in instructional material: an issue of literacy." Educause in Australia 2003 Conference. Adelaide, Australia 06 - 09 May 2003
Multimodal design and hybrid course materials: developing a new paradigm for course delivery at USQ
Sankey, Michael D. and Smith, Alan. 2004. "Multimodal design and hybrid course materials: developing a new paradigm for course delivery at USQ." International Conference on Computers in Education (ICCE 2004): Acquiring and Constructing Knowledge Through Human-Computer Interaction Creating New Visions for the Future of Learning. Melbourne, Australia 30 Nov - 03 Dec 2004
Students' perceptions of a virtual team assessment item (VTAI): An Australian case study
Birch, Dawn and McDonald, Jacquelin. 2005. "Students' perceptions of a virtual team assessment item (VTAI): An Australian case study." 7th ODLAA Conference. Adelaide, Australia 09 - 11 Nov 2005
Multiple representations in multimedia materials: an issue of literacy
Sankey, Michael. 2005. "Multiple representations in multimedia materials: an issue of literacy." Mishra, Sanjaya and Sharma, Ramesh C. (ed.) Interactive multimedia in education and training. Hershey, PA, United States. Idea Group Publishing . pp. 135-157
Researching transmodal delivery at USQ: different horses for different courses
Sankey, Michael D. and Birch, Dawn. 2005. "Researching transmodal delivery at USQ: different horses for different courses." New Researchers for New Times: Conference for Postgraduate Students and Early Career Researchers (2005). Brisbane, Australia 28 - 29 Oct 2005
Multimodal design and the neomillenial learner
Sankey, Michael D.. 2005. "Multimodal design and the neomillenial learner." OLT 2005 Conference: Beyond Delivery. Brisbane, Australia 27 Sep 2005 Brisbane, Australia.
Students' perceptions of compulsory asynchronous online discussion
Birch, Dawn and Volkov, Michael. 2005. "Students' perceptions of compulsory asynchronous online discussion." Purchase, Sharon (ed.) Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (ANZMAC 2005): Broadening the Boundaries. Fremantle, Australia 05 - 07 Dec 2005 Fremantle, Western Australia.
Multimodal design for hybrid learning materials in a second level economics course
Sankey, Michael D. and St Hill, Rod. 2005. "Multimodal design for hybrid learning materials in a second level economics course." Cheung, Stephen L. (ed.) 11th Australasian Teaching Economics Conference. Sydney, Australia 11 - 12 Jul 2005 Sydney, Australia.
Multiple representations in multimedia and e-learning materials: an issue of literacy
Sankey, Michael and Nooriafshar, Mehryar. 2005. "Multiple representations in multimedia and e-learning materials: an issue of literacy." Son, Jeong-Bae and O'Neill, Shirley (ed.) Enhancing learning and teaching: pedagogy, technology and language. Flaxton, Australia. Post Pressed. pp. 149-172
Visual and multiple representation in learning materials: an issue of literacy
Sankey, Michael D.. 2003. "Visual and multiple representation in learning materials: an issue of literacy." Create.ed 2003: eLearning for the Creative Industries. Melbourne, Australia 02 Oct 2003
Multimodal design considerations for developing hybrid course materials: an issue of literacy
Sankey, Michael D. and Smith, Alan. 2004. "Multimodal design considerations for developing hybrid course materials: an issue of literacy." Third Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning (PCF3). Dunedin, New Zealand 04 - 08 Jul 2004
Multimodal design for hybrid course materials: developing a new paradigm for delivery
Sankey, Michael D.. 2004. "Multimodal design for hybrid course materials: developing a new paradigm for delivery." Online Learning & Teaching Conference (OLT2004): Exploring Integrated Learning Environments,. Brisbane, Australia 03 Nov 2004
Considering visual literacy when designing instruction
Sankey, Michael D.. 2002. "Considering visual literacy when designing instruction." e-Journal of Instructional Science and Technology (e-JIST). 5 (2), pp. 1-14.